Salomea (Solomia) Amvrosievna Krushelnitskaya (Salomea Kruszelnicka) |

Salomea Kruszelnicka

Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, uSalomea Krushelnitskaya waqashelwa njengomculi ovelele emhlabeni. Wayenezwi elivelele ngokwamandla nobuhle elinezinhlobonhlobo eziningi (cishe ama-octave amathathu anerejista yamahhala ephakathi), inkumbulo yomculo (wayengafunda ingxenye ye-opera ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu), kanye nethalente elimangalisayo. I-repertoire yomculi yayihlanganisa izingxenye ezingaphezu kuka-60 ezahlukene. Phakathi kwemiklomelo yakhe eminingi kanye nokuhlukaniswa, ikakhulukazi, isihloko esithi "Wagnerian prima donna wekhulu lamashumi amabili." Umqambi wase-Italy u-Giacomo Puccini unikeze lo mculi isithombe sakhe esibhalwe ukuthi “Butterfly elihle nelibukekayo”.

USalomeya Krushelnytska wazalwa ngo-September 23, 1872 edolobhaneni laseBelyavintsy, manje eliyisifunda saseBuchatsky esifundeni saseTernopil, emndenini wompristi.

Ivela emndenini ohloniphekile futhi wasendulo wase-Ukraine. Kusukela ngo-1873, lo mkhaya wathuthela izikhathi eziningana, ngo-1878 wathuthela edolobhaneni Belaya eduze Ternopil, lapho ungazange uhambe. Waqala esemncane ukucula. Eseyingane, uSalome wayazi izingoma eziningi zesintu, azifunde kubalimi. Wathola izisekelo zokuqeqeshwa komculo endaweni yokuzivocavoca yaseTernopil, lapho athatha khona izivivinyo njengomfundi wangaphandle. Lapha wasondelana neqembu lomculo labafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme, lapho uDenis Sichinsky, kamuva owayengumqambi odumile, umculi wokuqala ochwepheshe eNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine, naye wayeyilungu.

Ngo-1883, ekhonsathini ye-Shevchenko e-Ternopil, umdlalo wokuqala kaSalome womphakathi wenziwa, wahlabelela ekwayeni yomphakathi wezingxoxo zaseRussia. E-Ternopil, uSalomea Krushelnytska wajwayelana nemidlalo yaseshashalazini okokuqala ngqa. Lapha, ngezikhathi ezithile, inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseLvov yomphakathi wezingxoxo zaseRussia.

Ngo-1891, uSalome wangena eLviv Conservatory. E-Conservatory, uthisha wakhe wayenguprofesa odumile ngaleso sikhathi e-Lviv, u-Valery Vysotsky, owakhulisa umthala wabaculi abadumile base-Ukraine nabasePoland. Ngesikhathi efunda e-Conservatory, waqala ukudlala yedwa, ngo-Ephreli 13, 1892, umculi wenza ingxenye eyinhloko ku-oratorio ye-GF Handel ethi "Messiah". I-debut yokuqala ye-operatic ka-Salome Krushelnytska yenzeka ngo-Ephreli 15, 1893, wenza indima kaLeonora ekuculweni komqambi wase-Italy uG. Donizetti "Intandokazi" esiteji se-Lviv City Theatre.

Ngo-1893 Krushelnytska iziqu Lvov Conservatory. Kudiploma kaSalome yokuthweswa iziqu, kwakubhalwe ukuthi: “Le diploma yamukelwa uPanna Salomea Krushelnitskaya njengobufakazi bemfundo yobuciko eyatholwa ngenkuthalo eyisibonelo nempumelelo emangalisayo, ikakhulukazi emqhudelwaneni womphakathi ngo-June 24, 1893, aklonyeliswa ngawo isiliva. indondo.”

Ngesikhathi ngisafunda e-Conservatory, uSalomea Krushelnytska wathola isipho esivela e-Lviv Opera House, kodwa wanquma ukuqhubeka nemfundo yakhe. Isinqumo sakhe sathonywa umculi odumile wase-Italy uGemma Bellinchoni, ngaleso sikhathi owayevakashele eLviv. Ekwindla ka-1893, uSalome uyahamba ayofunda e-Italy, lapho uProfesa Fausta Crespi aba uthisha wakhe. Lapho efunda, amakhonsathi ayecula kuwo i-opera arias kwakuyisikole esihle sikaSalome. Engxenyeni yesibili yawo-1890, imidlalo yakhe yokunqoba esiteji semidlalo yaseshashalazini emhlabeni wonke yaqala: e-Italy, eSpain, eFrance, ePortugal, eRussia, ePoland, e-Austria, eGibhithe, e-Argentina, eChile kuma-operas Aida, Il trovatore ka-D. Verdi, Faust » Ch. Gounod, The Terrible Yard by S. Moniuszko, The African Woman by D. Meyerbeer, Manon Lescaut and Cio-Cio-San by G. Puccini, Carmen by J. Bizet, Elektra by R. Strauss, “Eugene Onegin” and “The The Queen of Spades” nguPI Tchaikovsky nabanye.

February 17, 1904 at Milan yaseshashalazini "La Scala" Giacomo Puccini wethula opera yakhe entsha "Madama Butterfly". Akukaze nanini ngaphambili umqambi aqiniseke ngale mpumelelo ... kodwa izethameli zawuhlaba ngokucasuka i-opera. Umaestro odumile uzizwe echotshoziwe. Abangane banxusa uPuccini ukuba asebenze kabusha umsebenzi wakhe, futhi ameme uSalome Krushelnitskaya engxenyeni eyinhloko. NgoMeyi 29, esiteji seGrande Theatre eBrescia, i-premiere ye-Madama Butterfly ebuyekeziwe yenzeke, kulokhu yaba yimpumelelo. Izithameli zibize abalingisi nomqambi esiteji izikhathi eziyisikhombisa. Ngemva komdlalo, ethintekile futhi ebonga, uPuccini wathumela u-Krushelnitskaya isithombe sakhe esinombhalo othi: “KuButterfly oluhle kakhulu nolukhanga kakhulu.”

Ngo-1910, uS. Krushelnitskaya washada nomphathi-dolobha wedolobha lase-Viareggio (e-Italy) kanye nommeli uCesare Riccioni, owayengumxhumanisi womculo kanye ne-erudite aristocrat. Babeshade kwelinye lamathempeli aseBuenos Aires. Ngemva komshado, uCesare noSalome bazinza eViareggio, lapho uSalome wathenga khona indlu, ayibiza ngokuthi “Salome” futhi waqhubeka nokuvakasha.

Ngo-1920, u-Krushelnitskaya washiya isiteji se-opera endaweni ephezulu yodumo lwakhe, edlala okokugcina eNaples Theatre kuma-opera akhe ayintandokazi uLoreley noLohengrin. Wanikela ngempilo yakhe eyengeziwe emsebenzini wekhonsathi yegumbi, ecula izingoma ngezilimi eziyi-8. Uke wavakashela eYurophu naseMelika. Yonke le minyaka kwaze kwaba ngu-1923, wayelokhu efika ezweni lakubo futhi wenza e Lvov, Ternopil nakwamanye amadolobha Galicia. Wayenezibopho eziqinile zobungane nabantu abaningi eNtshonalanga Ukraine. Amakhonsathi anikezelwe inkumbulo kaTaras Shevchenko athatha indawo ekhethekile emsebenzini wokudala womculi. Ngo-1929, ikhonsathi yokugcina yokuvakasha ye-S. Krushelnitskaya yenzeka eRoma.

Ngo-1938, umyeni kaKrushelnitskaya, uCesare Riccioni, wafa. Ngo-August 1939, umculi wavakashela Galicia futhi, ngenxa yokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe II, akakwazanga ukubuyela Italy. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamaJalimane eLviv, u-S. Krushelnytska wayempofu kakhulu, ngakho wanikeza izifundo zokuphimisela ngasese.

Ngemva kwempi, u-S. Krushelnytska waqala ukusebenza e-Lviv State Conservatory eqanjwe ngo-NV Lysenko. Nokho, umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa wawungakaqali, wacishe waphela. Ngesikhathi "sokuhlanzwa kwabasebenzi abavela ezicini zobuzwe" wabekwa icala lokungabi nediploma ye-conservatory. Kamuva, idiploma yatholakala emalini ye-museum yomlando wedolobha.

Ukuphila nokufundisa eSoviet Union, uSalomeya Amvrosievna, naphezu kwezikhalazo eziningi, isikhathi eside akakwazanga ukuthola ubuzwe baseSoviet, ehlala esihloko sase-Italy. Ekugcineni, ngemva kokubhala isitatimende mayelana nokudluliselwa kwendlu yakhe yase-Italy nayo yonke impahla e-Soviet state, uKrushelnitskaya waba yisakhamuzi sase-USSR. I-villa yathengiswa ngokushesha, kunxeshezelwa umnikazi ngengxenye encane yenani layo.

Ngo-1951, u-Salome Krushelnitskaya waklonyeliswa ngesihloko esithi Honored Art Worker ye-SSR yase-Ukraine, futhi ngo-October 1952, inyanga ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uKrushelnitskaya wathola isihloko sokuba uprofesa.

NgoNovemba 16, 1952, inhliziyo yomculi omkhulu yayeka ukushaya. Wangcwatshwa eLviv emathuneni aseLychakiv eduze kwethuna lomngane wakhe nomeluleki wakhe, u-Ivan Franko.

Ngo-1993, umgwaqo waqanjwa ngo-S. Krushelnytska e-Lviv, lapho ahlala khona iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe. Imyuziyamu yesikhumbuzo kaSalomea Krushelnytska yavulwa efulethini lomculi. Namuhla, iLviv Opera House, iLviv Musical Secondary School, iTernopil Musical College (lapho kushicilelwa khona iphephandaba iSalomeya), isikole esineminyaka engu-8 ubudala edolobhaneni laseBelaya, imigwaqo yaseKyiv, Lvov, Ternopil, Buchach eqanjwe ngo-S. Krushelnytska (bheka i-Salomeya Krushelnytska Street). E-Mirror Hall ye-Lviv Opera ne-Ballet Theatre kunesikhumbuzo sethusi sikaSalome Krushelnytska.

Imisebenzi eminingi yobuciko, yomculo neyesinema inikezelwe empilweni nasemsebenzini kaSalomea Krushelnytska. Ngo-1982, e-studio yefilimu i-A. Dovzhenko, umqondisi u-O. Fialko wathwebula ifilimu yomlando neyomlando "Ukubuya Kwemvemvane" (esekelwe inoveli yegama elifanayo ka-V. Vrublevskaya), enikezelwe empilweni nasemsebenzini ka-Vrublevskaya. Salomea Krushelnitskaya. Isithombe sisekelwe emaqinisweni wangempela wempilo yomculi futhi sakhiwe njengezinkumbulo zakhe. Izingxenye zeSalome zenziwa nguGisela Zipola. Indima kaSalome kule filimu yadlalwa ngu-Elena Safonova. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadokhumentari adalwe, ikakhulukazi, uSalome Krushelnitskaya (eqondiswe ngu-I. Mudrak, Lvov, Most, 1994) Ukuphila Okubili kukaSalome (kuqondiswa ngu-A. Frolov, Kyiv, Kontakt, 1997), umjikelezo "Amagama" (2004) , ifilimu ye-documentary "Solo-mea" kusukela kumjikelezo othi "Game of Fate" (umqondisi V. Obraz, VIATEL studio, 2008). Ngo-March 18, 2006 esiteji se-Lviv National Academic Opera kanye ne-Ballet Theatre eqanjwe ngo-S. Krushelnitskaya yabamba i-premiere ye-ballet kaMiroslav Skorik ethi "The Return of the Butterfly", esekelwe emaqinisweni okuphila kukaSalomea Krushelnitskaya. I-ballet isebenzisa umculo ka-Giacomo Puccini.

Ngo-1995, i-premiere yomdlalo othi "Salome Krushelnytska" (umbhali u-B. Melnichuk, I. Lyakhovsky) yenzeka e-Ternopil Regional Drama Theatre (manje eyinkundla yezemfundo). Kusukela ngo-1987, umncintiswano weSalomea Krushelnytska ubulokhu ubanjelwe eTernopil. Njalo ngonyaka i-Lviv isingatha umncintiswano wamazwe ngamazwe oqanjwe nge-Krushelnytska; imikhosi yobuciko be-opera isiphenduke yendabuko.