Ikwata |

ital. i-quartetto, kusukela ku-lat. i-quartus - yesine; I-French quatuor, isiJalimane. I-Quartet, isiNgisi. I-quartet

1) Iqoqo labadlali abangu-4 (abadlala izinsimbi noma abaculayo). Instr. I-K. ingaba yi-homogeneous (umnsalo onezintambo, umoya wokhuni, izinsimbi zethusi) futhi ixutshwe. Ku-instrumental k., eyayisetshenziswa kakhulu intambo k. (ama-violin amabili, i-viola, ne-cello). Ngokuvamile kukhona futhi iqoqo le-fp. kanye nezintambo ezi-3. izinsimbi (i-violin, i-viola ne-cello); ibizwa ngefp. K. Ukwakhiwa kwe-K. yezinsimbi zomoya kungase kwehluke (isibonelo, umtshingo, i-oboe, i-clarinet, i-bassoon noma umtshingo, i-clarinet, uphondo ne-bassoon, kanye nezinsimbi ezi-4 zohlobo olufanayo - izimpondo, ama-bassoon, njll.) . Phakathi kwezingoma ezixubile, ngaphezu kwalezo ezishiwo, i-K. ye-spirit ivamile. kanye nezintambo. izinsimbi (umtshingo noma i-oboe, i-violin, i-viola ne-cello). Wok. K. kungaba owesifazane, owesilisa, oxubile (soprano, alto, tenor, bass).

2) Umculo. umkhiqizo. ngezinsimbi zomculo ezi-4 noma amazwi aculayo. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-chamber instr. ama-ensembles aphethwe yintambo K., to-ry in the 2nd floor. Ikhulu le-18 langena esikhundleni se-sonata yesithathu eyayibusa ngaphambili. ukufana kwe-timbre kwezintambo. I-K. ihlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu ngabanye kwamaqembu, ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwe-polyphony, umculo. okuqukethwe kwezwi ngalinye. Izibonelo eziphakeme zokubhalwa kwe-quartet zanikezwa ama-Viennese classics (J. Haydn, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven); banezintambo. K. kuthatha uhlobo lomjikelezo we-sonata. Leli fomu liyaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa ezikhathini ezizayo. Kusuka kubaqambi benkathi yomculo. romanticism umnikelo obalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kohlobo lwezintambo. K. yethulwa nguF. Schubert. Esitezi sesi-2. Ikhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. ngentambo k., kusetshenziswe isimiso se-leitmotif kanye ne-monothematism; , E. Grieg, K. Debussy, M. Ravel). Ingqondo ejulile futhi ecashile, inkulumo ejulile, ngezinye izikhathi inhlekelele futhi esabekayo, kanye nokutholakala kwamathuba amasha avezayo wezinsimbi nezinhlanganisela zawo kuhlukanisa izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezihamba phambili zekhulu lama-20. (B. Bartok, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, DD Shostakovich).

Uhlobo fp. U-K. ujabulele ukuduma okukhulu kwe-classical. inkathi (WA Mozart); esikhathini esilandelayo, abaqambi baphendukela kulokhu kuqanjwa kancane kancane (R. Schumann, SI Taneev).

uhlobo lwe-wok. K. yayivame kakhulu esitezi sesi-2. Ikhulu le-18-19; kanye ne-wok. K. yokubunjwa okuxubile kwadalwa kanye ne-homogeneous K. - kumyeni. amazwi (M. Haydn kubhekwa ukhokho) kanye namakhosikazi. amazwi (amaningi anjalo K. eka-I. Brahms). Phakathi kwababhali wok. K. – J. Haydn, F. Schubert. Imelwe ngu-K. nangesiRashiya. umculo. Njengengxenye yokwakheka okukhulu kwe-wok. K. (kanye ne-cappella kanye ne-orchestra ephelezelwayo) atholakala ku-opera, oratorio, mass, requiem (G. Verdi, K. kusukela ku-opera Rigoletto, u-Offertorio kweyakhe i-Requiem).

GL Golovinsky