Isivumelwano |

Isivumelwano sesiFulentshi, i-ital. i-accordo, kusukela ngasekupheleni kweLat. accordo - vuma

Ungwaqa wokuthathu noma ngaphezulu ohlukene. (okuphikisanayo) imisindo, ehlukaniswa komunye nomunye ngengxenye yesithathu noma engaba (ngezimvume) ihlelwe ngokwesithathu. Ngendlela efanayo, u-A. waqala ukuchazwa ngu-JG Walter (“Musikalisches Lexikon oder Musikalische Bibliothek”, 1732). Ngaphambi kwalokhu, u-A. wayeqondwa njengezikhawu - konke noma ongwaqa kuphela, kanye nanoma iyiphi inhlanganisela yamathoni ekuzwakalani kanyekanye.

Kuye ngenani lemisindo ehlukene eyakha u-A., unxantathu (imisindo emi-3), iphimbo lesikhombisa (4), i-nonchord (5), ne-undecimaccord (6, eyivelakancane, kanye no-A. 7 imisindo), iyahlukaniswa. Umsindo ophansi A. ubizwa ngokuthi oyinhloko. iphimbo, yonke eminye imisindo iqanjwe ngamagama. ngokwesikhathi esakhiwe yibo nesikhulu. iphimbo (okwesithathu, kwesihlanu, kwesikhombisa, nona, undecima). Noma yimuphi umsindo ongu-A ungadluliselwa kwenye i-octave noma uphindwe kabili (kathathu, njll.) kwamanye ama-octave. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-A. igcina igama layo. Uma iphimbo eliyinhloko liya phezulu noma elinye lamazwi aphakathi nendawo, okuthiwa. ukuhlehla kwe-chord.

A. ingatholakala kokubili eduze futhi kabanzi. Ngokuhlelwa okuseduze kwe-triad kanye nezikhalazo zayo ezingxenyeni ezine, amazwi (ngaphandle kwama-bass) ahlukaniswa komunye nomunye ngengxenye yesithathu noma i-quart, endaweni ebanzi - ngeyesihlanu, isithupha ne-octave. I-bass ingenza noma yisiphi isikhawu nge-tenor. Kukhona nokuhlelwa okuxubile kwe-A., lapho kuhlanganiswa khona izimpawu zokuhlelwa okuseduze nokubanzi.

Izinhlangothi ezimbili zihlukaniswa ngo-A. - ukusebenza, kunqunywa ukuhlobana kwayo nemodi ye-tonic, kanye nemisindo (enemibalabala), kuye ngokuthi ukwakheka kwesikhashana, indawo, irejista, kanye naseminyuziyamu. umongo.

Okuyinhloko ukujwayela kwesakhiwo se-A. kusekhona nanamuhla. isikhathi tertsovost ukwakheka. Noma yikuphi ukuchezuka kuyo kusho ukwethulwa kwemisindo engahlangene nechord. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nelama-20. kwenziwa imizamo yokushintsha ngokuphelele isimiso sesithathu ngomgomo wesine (AN Skryabin, A. Schoenberg), kodwa lesi sakamuva sathola ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kuphela.

Ezingqungqutheleni zanamuhla eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-tertian zisetshenziswa kabanzi emculweni, lapho ukwethulwa kwama-dissonances kukhulisa ukuvezwa nemibala yomsindo (SS Prokofiev):

Abaqambi bekhulu lama-20 A. isakhiwo esixubile siyasetshenziswa.

Emculweni we-dodecaphonic, u-A. ulahlekelwa incazelo yawo ezimele futhi ususelwa ekulandelaneni kwemisindo “kuchungechunge” kanye nepholyfoni yawo. izinguquko.

References: Rimsky-Korsakov HA, Harmony Textbook, St. Petersburg, 1884-85; eyakhe, incwadi ewusizo yokuvumelana, eSt. Ippolitov-Ivanov MM, Imfundiso yokucula, ukwakhiwa nokuxazulula kwabo, M., 1886; Dubovsky I., Evseev S., Sposobin I., Sokolov V., Incwadi yokuvumelana, ingxenye 1956-1960, 1897-1, yokugcina. ed. 2; Tyulin Yu., Ukufundisa ngokuvumelana, L.-M., 1937, M., 38, ch. 1965; Tyulin Yu., Privano N., Incwadi yokuvumelana, ingxenye 1939, M., 1966; Tyulin Yu., Incwadi yokuvumelana, ingxenye 9, M., 1; Berkov V., Harmony, ingxenye 1957-2, M., 1959-1, 3; Riemann H., Geschichte der Musiktheorie, Lpz., 1962, B., 66; Schonberg A., Harmonielehre, Lpz.-W., 1970, W., 1898; Hindemith P., Unterweisung im Tonsatz, Tl 1920, Mainz, 1911; Schonberg A., Imisebenzi yesakhiwo sokuvumelana, L.-NY, 1922; UJanecek K., Základy modern harmonie, Praha, 1.

Yu. G. Kon