Izindlela ezintsha zokuxazulula inkinga yokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukisiwe kothisha bomculo: umbono kathisha esikoleni somculo wezingane

I-Russia iyakwazi ukugcina isikhundla sayo esiphambili emkhakheni wokuqeqesha abaculi. Naphezu kokulahlekelwa okuthile esakuthola eminyakeni enesiyaluyalu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili nasekuqaleni lamashumi amabili nanye, umphakathi womculo wasekhaya, ngezindleko zomzamo omkhulu, ukwazile ukuvikela amandla anamandla obuciko bomculo baseRussia obuqoqwe phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.

     Ukuqhathanisa uhlelo lwasekhaya lwemfundo yomculo, olunobuhle nobubi balo, ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwamazwe ahamba phambili emhlabeni kulo mkhakha, umuntu angakwazi, ezinye izinto zilingane, abikezele ngokuqapha ukuthi iRussia izogcina indawo enhle elangeni lomculo. esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo. Nokho, impilo yethula izwe lethu nezinselelo ezintsha ezinzima. 

     Ochwepheshe abaningi basekhaya nabangaphandle emkhakheni wezifundo zamasiko omculo sebeyawubona umthelela omubi okhulayo wezinqubo ezithile zomhlaba wonke “kwikhwalithi” yomculo ezweni lethu, “ikhwalithi” yabantu, kanye nezinga lemfundo yomculo. Isigaba sezici ezingezinhle sihlanganisa izenzakalo ezibucayi emnothweni wasekhaya kanye nesakhiwo esikhulu sezombusazwe, ukungqubuzana okwandayo emhlabeni, ukwanda kokuhlukaniswa kweRussia namazwe ngamazwe, ukuntengantenga kokuhwebelana ngokwengqondo namasiko namazwe aseNtshonalanga ahamba phambili. Izinkinga ezintsha zengezwe ezinkingeni zangaphambilini emkhakheni womculo: ubunzima bokuzibona ngokudala kanye nokuqashwa kwabaculi nothisha bomculo, ukukhula kokukhathala komphakathi, ukunganaki, nokulahlekelwa uthando ngokwengxenye. Kuvele imibono emisha (engahlali ingalungile, evame ukuba yinhle kakhulu) ekuziphatheni kwabaculi abasebasha: iziqondiso zenani eliguquliwe, ukukhula kwe-pragmatism, i-utilitarianism, i-rationalism, ukwakheka kokucabanga okuzimele, okungavumelani. Uthisha kuzomele afunde ukuthi angagqugquzela kanjani intsha ukuthi ifunde, njengoba okwamanje ingaphansi kuka-2%.  учеников детских музыкальных школ связывают свое будущее с музыкой (примерно один из ста). В настоящее время этот показатель эффективности работы с некоторыми оговорками можно считать приемлемым. Однако, в самом ближайшем будущем требования к результативности учебы могут кратно возрасти (об этом мы поговорим чуть ниже).

      Amaqiniso amasha adinga impendulo eyanele ohlelweni lwemfundo yomculo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela ezintsha nezindlela zokufundisa, okuhlanganisa ukujwayela umfundi wesimanje kanye nothisha osemusha kulezo zidingo zendabuko, ezihlolwe isikhathi, ngenxa yokuthi isiko lomculo laseRussia lifinyelele izinga eliphezulu. . 

    Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcizelela ukuthi uguquko lwasekhaya lwemfundo yomculo, okuhlanganisa nomsebenzi wokwenza uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukile kothisha bomculo lube ngesimanje, akumele kugxilwe kuphela futhi kungagxili kakhulu ekuxazululeni izinkinga zanamuhla, kodwa ezinseleleni zesikhathi esizayo. Umuntu angakhumbula kanjani indlela yokufundisa uthisha wethu odumile womculo u-AD Artobolevskaya? I-pedagogy yakhe "i-pedagogy yemiphumela yesikhathi eside." Wayekwazi ukubheka ikusasa. Akuzange kumise umculi wakusasa kuphela, hhayi ubuntu bakhe kuphela, kodwa nomphakathi.

     Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela lapha ukuthi akuwona wonke amazwe emhlabeni axhumanisa izinhlelo zawo zemfundo nezinguquko zesikhathi esizayo. Kunakwa kakhulu intuthuko ebikezelwayo emkhakheni wokumodela othisha bomculo “abasha” eFinland, eChina nakwamanye amazwe. EJalimane, umqondo wemfundo oneso lekusasa uthuthukiswa yi-Federal Institute of Vocational Education. Ngokuqondene ne-United States kanye namazwe amaningi aseNtshonalanga Yurophu, ithuluzi eliyinhloko (nakuba kungelona lodwa) elilawula uhlelo lwemfundo kulawa mazwe imakethe, uhlelo lobudlelwano bonxiwankulu. Futhi lapha kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imakethe, njengoba ingumtshina obucayi futhi osheshayo wezinguquko,  ayisebenzi njalo phambili. Ngokuvamile kuphuzile futhi "ishaya imisila."

        Uma sibheka esikhathini esizayo, silindele olunye uvivinyo olukhulu. Esikhathini esimaphakathi, eminyakeni eyi-10-15, iRussia izobhekana nokuwohloka kwabantu. Ukuthutheleka kwentsha kwezomnotho nakwezobuciko kuzokwehla kakhulu. Ngokwezibikezelo ezingenathemba, ngo-2030 inani labafana namantombazane aneminyaka engu-5-7 lizoba ngaphansi kwama-40% kunamanje, okungesona isikhathi esihle kakhulu. Abazoqala ukubhekana nale nkinga othisha bezikole zomculo wezingane. Ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane, igagasi “lokwehluleka” kwezibalo zabantu lizofinyelela emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu ohlelweni lwezemfundo. Ukulahlekelwa ngobuningi  Maqondana, isikole somculo saseRussia kufanele sinxephezele ukushoda kwezinombolo ngokwandisa amandla ekhwalithi nekhono lomculi ngamunye osemusha kanye nothisha wakhe. Ngithanda ukuveza ukuzethemba ukuthi ngokulandela amasiko asekhaya emfundo yezemfundo, ukuyivumelanisa nezinselele ezintsha, sisebenzisa amandla aphelele eqoqo lomculo waseRussia, sizokwazi ukuthuthukisa nokwandisa uhlelo lokusesha nokuthuthukisa amathalente omculo, siwaguqule. ibe amadayimane. Futhi indima enkulu lapha kufanele idlalwe uthisha womculo omusha, ochwepheshile.

     Indlela yokusabela kulezi zinselele? Ungaluqondisa kanjani uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukile kothisha bomculo ukuxazulula izinkinga zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo?

     Ngokusobala, isisombululo kufanele sifunwe ngokuguqulwa kokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukisiwe, kuhlanganise nokucabangela imikhuba emihle yamazwe angaphandle. Kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa imizamo yabo bonke ochwepheshe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imibono yabo, ngesisekelo sokucabangela imibono efanayo, ngezimiso zokuncintisana okwakhayo. Ngendlela, ochwepheshe baseShayina bakholelwa ukuthi "ukunciphisa ibanga" phakathi kwezazi zesayensi zezwe kanye nothisha abaqhuba izifundo kuzosiza ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwenguquko yemfundo yomculo ku-PRC. Inkhulumomphendvulwano enjalo ingaba usizo futhi ekuthuthukiseni ubuciko bomculo waseRussia.

      Izinqumo ezenziwe kufanele zisekelwe ezimisweni zesayensi, ukuguquka kancane kancane kwezinguquko, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezindlela ezihlukene ezisekelwe ekuhloleni (lapho kunokwenzeka). Yiba nesibindi ekusebenziseni ezinye izindlela namamodeli wokuhlela uhlelo lokuqeqesha oluthuthukisiwe. Futhi, ekugcineni, kungaba usizo ukukhulula izindlela zokuguqula ezivela engxenyeni yezombangazwe, ziqondiswe ukucatshangelwa kokufaneleka kanye nokuba usizo kwezinguquko.

     Lapho kuthuthukiswa izindlela nezindlela zohlelo lwesikhathi esizayo lokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukile, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi cishe wonke amazwe omhlaba akhuthaza ukukhula okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bothisha bawo, kodwa izindlela zokuxazulula le nkinga ziyehluka. Kubonakala sengathi ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukufunda ulwazi oluthuthukile lwangaphandle kule ndaba. 

     Imiphumela yezenzo zokulungisa incike kakhulu ekumisweni kwenhloso okuyiyonayona. Umbandela wokuphumelela nokunemba komqondo wemfundo eqhubekayo yothisha bomculo yikhono lawo  ukunikeza okuphelele  isixazululo esihlelekile sale misebenzi esemqoka elandelayo. Ngenkathi kugcinwa amasiko ezemfundo aqinisekisiwe ngokomlando wobuciko bomculo baseRussia, ukufeza  ukwandisa ubungcweti bothisha, okwandisa amandla akhe okudala. Kufanele sisize uthisha athuthuke futhi aphumelele  yesimanje  izindlela zokufundisa nezengqondo zokuqeqesha nokufundisa abaculi abasha, kucatshangelwa IQINISO ELISHA LOBUSHA, futhi ekugcineni, bacabangele emsebenzini wabo.  imakethe entsha  amaqiniso. Kuningi okusamele ukwenze umbuso ukwandisa udumo lomsebenzi wothisha womculo. Uthisha kumele akwazi ukwenza ngokucacile izinhloso zokufundisa nemfundo, azi ukuthi angafinyelelwa kanjani, athuthukise izimfanelo ezidingekayo zokuziphatha nezengqondo: ube nesineke, ube nobudlelwane, ukwazi ukuxhumana nezingane "ezintsha" nabantu abadala, futhi amakhono okuphatha iqembu (ithimba), lwela ukuthuthukisa ithesorasi yakho yamasiko. 

     Uthisha unikezwe umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa intshisekelo eqhubekayo ekuzithuthukiseni nasekuthuthukiseni amakhono ocwaningo lokuhlaziya. Ama-Empirics kufanele asekelwe ucwaningo lwesayensi oluyisisekelo. Siyaqaphela ukuthi lo msebenzi onzima kakhulu. Futhi kufanele ixazululwe ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezibucayi, ukuzama ukungalimazi ezinye izingxenye zemfundo. Isipiliyoni singadingeka lapha  China, lapho othisha  umculo, amazinga okwenza umsebenzi wocwaningo lwesayensi asemisiwe. Isibonelo, ukukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza kososayensi abasebasha baseShayina (kanye nozakwabo bakwamanye amazwe) ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwezemfundo lwezwe, uhulumeni we-PRC ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka.   waqala ukusebenzisa “Uhlelo Lokukhuthaza Ososayensi Abavelele.” Ngenxa yalokho, ososayensi abasebasha abangaba ngu-200 bahileleke ekusetshenzisweni kwalo msebenzi wesayensi nongokoqobo. Bonke babeqashwe njengoprofesa.

      Othisha bomculo emanyuvesi okufundisa aseShayina ezweni kudingeka ukuthi bahlanganise izinsiza kufundisa ngobuchwepheshe babo. Ku-PRC, imisebenzi yesayensi ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu yeminyaka yamuva ihlanganisa "Isingeniso Sesiko Lomculo", "Imfundo Yomculo", "Ukudala Umculo Ngokusebenzisa Ikhompyutha", "Ingqondo Yomculo", "Amakhono Okufundisa Namakhono" nezinye eziningi. Othisha banethuba lokushicilela imisebenzi yabo yesayensi emaphephandabeni athi “Imfundo Yomculo YamaShayina”, “Ucwaningo Lomculo”, “Umculo Wesintu”, nasemaqoqweni ezikhungo.

     Ukwenza imisebenzi ebekwe nguMnyango Wezamasiko waseRussian Federation kanye noMnyango Wezemfundo Nesayensi weRussian Federation,  ukuqaliswa komqondo wemfundo yempilo yonke kudinga ukwakhiwa kwesikhungo esibuyekeziwe   izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezithuthukile, ingqalasizinda yesimanje  ukuqeqeshwa. Kuzodingeka futhi ukulungisa imithetho ethile ebalulekile nezindlela zokufundisa ukuze kucatshangelwe izici ezintsha. Uguquko kufanele lusekelwe olwazini lwezifundo ezijwayelekile nezomculo, ezengqondo, isayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu, i-musicology, izifundo zamasiko, isayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu, njll.

     Njengamanje, ingqalasizinda yohlelo lokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukile kwabaculi isesigabeni sokubunjwa, ukuthuthukiswa, ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nokunikezwa izitifiketi ngezigaba. Izinguquko zekhwalithi ziyenzeka. Kunenqubo yokwabiwa kwezabelo ngokwengxenye yokugunyazwa kohlelo lwezemfundo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuqiniswe izinhlaka zangaphambilini ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokuqeqesha nokuthuthukisa othisha bomculo. Mhlawumbe esinye sezimo eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kwemfundo yomculo yaseRussia yakamuva kuzoba ukuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi kwezingxenye zombuso nezemakethe ohlelweni oluhlangene lokwakha izisebenzi zokufundisa ezintsha.  Kulesi sigaba sezinguquko, ithoni esakhiweni samanje sokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukisiwe isethwe, njengoba umuntu engalindela, yizinhlangano ezinolwazi olunzulu ekuqeqesheni othisha bomculo futhi ngokuvamile zihlala zizibophezele ezinhlotsheni nezindlela zokufundisa zendabuko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani lezinhlaka ezintsha zemfundo liyakhula, ngokuvamile elingakafinyeleli ngokugcwele izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusiza ukwakheka nokuthuthuka kwabo, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe indawo enokuncintisana kule ngxenye yemfundo. Ukubonakalisa  Ngesikhathi soguquko, lokho kukhululeka, kanye nesimo sengqondo ngalabo abangakwazanga ukufinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe, kufanele kube nzima kakhulu. Isipiliyoni singasetshenziswa  I-China, lapho amanyuvesi ehlolwa njalo eminyakeni emine ukuze ahambisane nezindinganiso zemfundo. Uma inhlangano ingahlangabezani nezidingo, iyanikezwa  isikhathi esithile ukuze kuqedwe ukushiyeka. Uma ngemva kokuhlolwa kwesibili imiphumela iba mibi, khona-ke le nyuvesi ingaphansi kwezijeziso ezinzima ngendlela yokunciphisa imali, imingcele enanini labafundi, nokunciphisa inani lezinhlelo zemfundo.

       Umuzwa wangaphandle ekusebenziseni imakethe nezwe   abalawuli, ukuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuphatha ezimaphakathi kanye nesinyathelo esizimele.  Ngokusekelwe kulo mbandela, amaqembu amathathu amazwe angahlukaniswa cishe. Kwesokuqala  singafaka izifunda lapho imakethe idlala indima enkulu ohlelweni lwezemfundo, futhi indima yeziphathimandla ezimaphakathi ingeyesibili. Lena yi-USA, amazwe amaningi aseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Isigaba samazwe lapho indima yombuso ivelele khona, futhi indima yemakethe ingaphansi, imvelo yesibili, ingafaka, ngokubhukha okuthile, kuhlanganise i-Japan, i-Singapore, namanye amazwe.  Ummeleli ovelele weqembu lesithathu lezifundazwe, lapho isikhungo kanye nemakethe zimelelwe ngokulinganayo, yi-PRC. Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ngalinye lala maqembu liqukethe izinto ezithakazelisa eRussia.

     Uma sikhuluma ngolwazi lwase-US emfundweni yomculo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi  Isifunda ngasinye (njengomphumela wesakhiwo sombuso wezwe) sithuthukisa indlela yaso yenqubo yokuqeqesha ethuthukisiwe, izindlela zaso kanye namathuluzi. Ngamanye amazwi, e-USA azikho izidingo zomhlaba wonke noma imibandela yekhwalithi yothisha bomculo. IN  EJalimane, yiziphathimandla zendawo, uhulumeni wesifunda, ohlinzeka ngosizo futhi alawule ukuthuthukiswa kweziqu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi eJalimane ayikho iyunifomu (yazo zonke izifundazwe) ikharikhulamu.

      Uhlelo olunjalo “lwezimakethe” luhle esigabeni sokufuna imodeli yemfundo ephumelela kakhulu, futhi lubalulekile njengethuluzi lokululungisa njalo. Kodwa-ke, esigabeni esilandelanayo sokusebenza kwesistimu, ukuhlukahluka okunjalo ngezinye izikhathi akudlali indima enhle kakhulu ekudaleni imakethe yezabasebenzi yamahhala yothisha bomculo. Iqiniso liwukuthi  Izidingo ezihlukene zemfundo yomculo esifundeni ngasinye saseMelika kwesinye isikhathi ziphoqa umuntu ozongenela ukhetho esikhundleni esithile ukuthi aqeqeshelwe futhi athole izitifiketi kulowo mkhakha.  isimo lapho ahlela ukusebenzela khona. Ngakho uyalwela  wandise amathuba akho okuqashwa. “Lapho ngifunde khona, yilapho engafika khona kahle.” Lokhu kuncika “kwe-service” ngokwezinga elithile kunciphisa ukufuduka kwabasebenzi ezweni. Ngenkathi ilahlekelwa kule ngxenye, isiko laseMelika lokwahlukaniswa kwamandla lidala izindlela ezisebenzayo zokunxephezela ezithakaselekayo eRussia. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene ezingochwepheshe, ngokuvamile zomphakathi, ezithatha imisebenzi yabaxhumanisi, imithombo yolwazi, izikhungo zokuhlaziya ngisho nabaqaphi bezinga lemfundo. Lokhu kubandakanya “Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yezemfundo Yomculo”, “Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yothisha Bothisha”,  “I-Roundtable Yenqubomgomo Yezemfundo Yomculo”,  "I-College Music Society", "Ikhomishini Yokuqinisekisa Ubunikazi Bothisha"   (ECalifornia)  nabanye. Isibonelo, izinhlangano zokugcina ezibalwe ngenhla, Ikhomishini Yokuqinisekisa Ubunikazi Bothisha, idale ikhomishini yabameleli abavela emakolishi, amanyuvesi, izinhlangano zabasebenzi, izinhlangano zezifunda neziyingi. Umgomo wekhomishana ukuqapha intuthuko yezinga eliphezulu emfundweni yomculo nokuthuthukisa amazinga amasha okuqeqeshwa kothisha bomculo e-California.

      Isigaba sezinhlangano ezithembisayo zalolu hlobo singafaka esisanda kwakhiwa ngokubamba iqhaza kukathisha odumile waseRussia u-EA Yamburg, inhlangano yaseRussia “Teacher of the 21st Century”, ebizwa kulesi sigaba sezinguquko samanje sokuguqula uhlelo lwezemfundo. ukuzivumelanisa nokulungisa isistimu yesitifiketi esenziwe.

     Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngisho nase-United States, ehlukaniswa ngezinga eliphezulu lenkambiso yendabuko kanye ne-conservatism kulezi zindaba, kuye kwaba nokuthambekela kokuthi izinhlangano zalolu hlobo olushiwo lweqe imingcele yezindawo futhi luhlanganise izwe lonke. Ngo-2015 I-US Congress yamukela uhlelo lukazwelonke  “Wonke Umthetho Womfundi Ophumelelayo”, owathatha indawo yomthetho wangaphambilini othi “Akukho Ingane Esele Ngemva”. Nakuba kungaphoqelekile ngokuphelele ukuthi kusetshenziswe yizo zonke izinhlaka zemfundo zaseMelika, nokho kuhloswe ngakho ukuba kube umhlahlandlela wazo. Uhlelo olusha luqinise izimfuneko zothisha, ludinga izwe ngalinye ukuthi libeke izindinganiso ezintsha zothisha abaqeqeshwe kakhulu (bona okuthi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_education_in_the_United_States). Umsebenzi ofanayo we-All-American "soft" regulator  Isimemezelo esamukelwa ngo-1999 mayelana nezinkombandlela eziyinhloko zokuguqulwa kwezemfundo "i-Tanglewood II: Ishadi Yekusasa", esiklanyelwe isikhathi seminyaka engamashumi amane, kufanele sibe nendima.  

     Lapho sihlola ulwazi lwaseNtshonalanga lwemfundo yomculo, kufanele siqhubeke eqinisweni lokuthi imiphumela ebonakalayo kakhulu emkhakheni womculo, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezobuciko obudlalwayo, yatholakala e-USA naseGreat Britain.

     Ngezinga elithile lokuqapha, singacabanga ukuthi kulesi sigaba samanje sokuguqula uhlelo lwasekhaya  imfundo yomculo iseduze nokuvumelana   смешанная модель управления системы повышения квалификации. Одним из главных ее принципов является равновесное сочетание рыночных и государственных инструментов управления. Возможно, эта модель станет для нас переходной к новой форме мобилизации интеллектуального потенциала страны за счет дальнейешния дальнейшния дальнейшния песни.

     Ukukhetha okulungile kwesilinganiso sombuso, izinhlangano zomphakathi nezizimele ngokwezinga elithile kuzonquma ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwemfundo yomculo kuzoba yimpumelelo kangakanani.  I-RF. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthola ibhalansi elilungile phakathi kwamasiko kazwelonke wemfundo yomculo kanye nezimiso "Bolonization".

    Asiqhubeke nengxoxo emayelana nezindlela zokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yasekhaya kanye nokwenza ngcono iziqu zothisha bomculo. Uma siqhubekela phambili, sizozuza okuhlangenwe nakho kwase-Finnish (okubhekwa njengenye yezithuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni) ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kohlelo lwesikhathi eside lokuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe ngesisekelo samanyuvesi, izikhungo, izikhungo zokuqeqesha nezikole. Kuyasiza ukujwayelana nemisebenzi ye-British Teacher Development Agency, engahleli nje kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe okuyimpoqo, kodwa futhi exhasa ngezimali izifundo. Lo mkhuba ungaba usizo kakhulu ezweni lakithi. 

     Ngokusobala, umqondo wokwakha amaqoqo ezemfundo (isifunda, isifunda, idolobha) okuhlanganisa lawo adalwe ngesisekelo sezakhiwo zemfundo ezikhona, uyathembisa. Enye yalezi zinhlelo zokuhlola isikhungo sesayensi kanye nendlela yokusebenza esifundeni saseMoscow "Pedagogical Academy of Postgraduate Education".

     Kunethuba elithile lokuthuthukisa othisha ezikhungweni zomculo zemfundo ezingeni eliphansi, isibonelo, ezikoleni zomculo wezingane. Ngokusobala, kukhona okugodliwe lapha ekusebenziseni umkhuba wokweluleka, ukwabelana ngolwazi, nokudlulisa ulwazi olusuka kubasebenzi abanolwazi olunzulu luye kochwepheshe abasebasha. Mayelana nalokhu, indlela yaseMelika yomsebenzi onjalo, ebizwa ngokuthi “Izinhlelo Zomfundisi Omkhulu,” iyathakazelisa. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwesiNgisi kuyathanda ukwazi ukuthi nini  Ngonyaka wokuqala, uthisha osaqalayo usebenza njengomuntu oqeqeshwayo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwabeluleki abanolwazi. Umkhuba wokusebenza nothisha abasebasha ususabalele eNingizimu Korea  ithimba lonke labasebenzi. Ukwenziwa ngcono kweziqu zobuthishela kuzokwenziwa isimemo esisebenzayo  isikole sochwepheshe somculo sokuqhuba amakilasi aqinisekisiwe ngaphansi kohlelo lokuqeqeshwa oluthuthukisiwe (izinkulumo, amasemina avezayo, imidlalo yebhizinisi, njll.).  Usizo ekuqhubeni amakilasi anjalo, kanye nasekusetshenzisweni ngokoqobo kolwazi olutholiwe, lungadlalwa umgqugquzeli (isiNgisi, lungiselela - hlinzeka, hambisa) ovela phakathi kothisha abaphambili kakhulu besikole noma uchwepheshe omenyiwe.

     Isipiliyoni sakwamanye amazwe (isiNgisi, saseMelika) ekudaleni ukushintshaniswa kolwazi lwenethiwekhi yaphakathi kwesikole, ukuqeqeshwa okuhlanganyelwe kwabasebenzi bokufundisa, nokuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile zemfundo nezinye kufanele ukunakwa. Ngokwesibonelo, e-USA, kwakhiwa izinhlangano zezikole, ikhono lawo, ikakhulukazi, elihlanganisa ukuhlela izifundo zothisha ezihlangene.

     Kubukeka sengathi ezweni lakithi kunekusasa lomthombo onjalo wolwazi nesipiliyoni njengothisha abazimele. Umbuso, omelwe uMnyango Wezemfundo Nesayensi Wenhlangano YaseRussia, ungakha ngokuzama (okuhlanganisa ngokusemthethweni kothisha “abazimele”) ingxenye yothisha abazimele ababhaliswe ngokusemthethweni, othisha bomculo ngamunye, futhi uthuthukise izichibiyelo kumthetho wentela. Lokhu kungaba wusizo futhi ngokombono wokwakha isimo sokuncintisana ohlelweni lwezemfundo.

     Не углубляясь в данной статье в вопросы, связанные с категорией частной преподавательской деятельности, важно подчеркнуть, Господ, что, человека нные частными музыкальными учителями, составляют большую часть победителей  wonke amaJalimane  umncintiswano othi “Play Music Yentsha” (“Jugend Musiziert”), onomlando weminyaka engu-50 futhi obanjelwa  uMkhandlu Womculo waseJalimane ogunyaziwe “Deutscher Muzikrat”. Ukumelela kwalo mncintiswano kufakazelwa nawukuthi abaculi abasebasha abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-20 babambe iqhaza kuwo. Ngokusho kwenyunyana yabasebenzi baseJalimane yothisha abazimele, inani lothisha bomculo ozimele ababhaliswe ngokusemthethweni eJalimane kuphela lidlula abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-6.

      Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi lesi sigaba sothisha, ngokwesibonelo, eJalimane nase-USA, sithola ngokwesilinganiso imali encane evela emisebenzini yabo kunothisha bomculo wesikhathi esigcwele.

      Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukujwayelana nomkhuba waseMelika wokusebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “othisha abavakashelayo” (“othisha bomculo abavakashelayo”), abaziwa kangcono.  Kanjani  "othisha abantantayo" e-USA, baqala ukuqeqesha othisha bomculo okuhloswe ngawo ukuthuthukisa izinga lokufundisa ezinye izifundo zemfundo: izibalo, isayensi, amazwe angaphandle.  izilimi. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngenkuthalo ku  John F. Kennedy Centre for the Performing Arts ngaphansi kohlelo "Ukushintsha Imfundo Ngobuciko".

      Isihloko sokwenza uhlelo lwezifundo zokuqeqesha ezisezingeni eliphezulu (nokuqeqeshwa ngokujwayelekile) ezweni lethu sifuna ukunakwa. Zingaba okungenani izinhlobo ezimbili. Okokuqala, lezi izifundo zokuqeqesha ezithuthukile, umholi ongumholi ozisholo noma ongakahleleki, owaziwa emibuthanweni yakhe njengochwepheshe bezindlela zothisha abaqeqeshwe kakhulu. Olunye uhlobo lwezifundo ezinjalo lungase lugcizelele ukwakheka “kwenkanyezi” kothisha, basebenze unomphela futhi kumodi ye-ad hok (efaniswe ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile).

     Ekupheleni kokucutshungulwa kodaba lwesakhiwo senhlangano sokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukisiwe, kuyadingeka ukusho ngesidingo sokuqhubeka nomsebenzi wokwakha irejista yezinhlangano eziqinisekisiwe ezigunyazwe ukwenza ukuqeqeshwa kwe-postgraduate kothisha bomculo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinhlangano nothisha abathi bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu balwela ukufakwa kurejista. Lolu daba lungaxazululeka uma wonke umuntu ofuna ukuthuthukisa iziqu zakhe azi ukuthi izinsiza zalezi zinhlangano nothisha kuphela zizobalwa ngesikhathi sokuthola izitifiketi. Yile ndlela kanye i-American Music Teachers Association esebenza ngayo, ethatha umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zemfundo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ukwakhiwa kwenhlangano enjalo eRussia, ukuyinikeza umsebenzi wokuthumela wokusabalalisa othisha, kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi wokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukisiwe. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, lokhu kuzokwenza kube nokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo ukusebenzisa umqondo wokwethula esifundeni ngasinye esithile.  kanye/noma isakhiwo semfundo sosuku olulodwa olungaguquki  ukuqeqeshwa okuthuthukisiwe (isibonelo, kanye ngenyanga).

        Kubonakala sengathi ezweni lakithi umthombo onjalo wolwazi njengokuzifundisa awukahlonishwa ngokugcwele futhi uyadingeka. Phakathi kokunye, ukungawunaki lo mzila wokuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe kunciphisa umdlandla wothisha emsebenzini ozimele futhi kubophela imizamo yabo. Futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho, ngokuthuthukisa amakhono okuzithuthukisa, uthisha ufunda ukuzibona njengomuntu oqeqeshiwe, alungise amaphutha, futhi azihlelele ikusasa. E-UK, iphrojekthi kahulumeni ethi “Insiza Yezemfundo Entsha” yenzelwe labo abazifundisayo.

     Kuyancomeka ukuthi usebenzise umkhankaso womuntu siqu ekufundiseni isayensi yezokufundisa. Njengoba nazi, iJalimane idume ngezinga layo eliphezulu kakhulu lokuzimela, ukuzimela kanye nokuzimela kwabafundi esikhungweni sayo semfundo. Banenkululeko enkulu ekukhetheni izimo,  izindlela zokufundisa nohlelo. Lokhu kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukukubona ngemuva  ukuzibophezela kwendabuko yaseJalimane emigomeni ye-ordnung. Ukwehlukana okunjalo kubangelwa, ngokombono wethu, enkolelweni yokusebenza ngempumelelo kokuthatha isinyathelo esihlokweni sokuvumelana ngokuphelele nenqubo yemfundo nezintshisakalo zomfundi.

    Lapho kuthuthukiswa uhlelo lwaseRussia lokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukile, indawo ebaluleke kakhulu inikezwa ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezidingo ezifanayo zobungcweti zothisha womculo wesimanje, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zekhwalithi yokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi. Isixazululo salo msebenzi obalulekile sakha izidingongqangi zokwenziwa lula, ukumiswa kanye nokuhlanganisa zonke izingxenye zohlelo lokuqeqesha olusezingeni eliphezulu. Kubalulekile ukugcizelela lokho  indlela yokudala ekusetshenzisweni kwesakhiwo esinjalo "esisemthethweni" izokuvumela ukuba ugweme ukuhleleka ngokweqile, imibono engaguquki, i-ossification ekusebenzeni nabasebenzi, futhi uvimbele ukukhiqizwa kwabadlali bohlobo lwe-conveyor.

      Uma kukhulunywa ngothisha abahlinzeka ngoqeqesho olusezingeni eliphezulu kothisha bomculo, kubalulekile ukuthi singakhohlwa ukuthi uthisha kathisha, ngokwencazelo, akakwazi ukuqeqesheka kancane emkhakheni wakhe wolwazi kunesifundo sokufundisa.

     Kungaba usizo ukunikeza umfundi (njengoba kwenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, eJapane) ngamathuba amakhulu nenkululeko ekuhloleni ukuba usizo nasekukhetheni izinhlelo zemfundo azinikezwa ngenye indlela (ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezinga lobungcweti) .

     Ezweni lethu, ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuthuthukisa iziqu zothisha bomculo wuhlelo lokunikeza izitifiketi. Masikhumbule ukuthi emazweni amaningi angaphandle lo msebenzi unikezwe uhlelo lweziqu zemfundo ezinikezwa abantu abaphothule izinhlelo zemfundo ezifanele. Ngokungafani namazwe amaningi angaphandle, ukuqinisekiswa njengesilinganiso sokufaneleka eRussia kuyimpoqo futhi kwenziwa njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, siyaqaphela ukuthi izitifiketi ngezikhathi ezithile zothisha bomculo ziyenziwa nakwamanye amazwe, isibonelo eJapane (ngemuva kweminyaka emibili yokuqala, bese kuthi ngemva kweyisithupha, 16 futhi ekugcineni ngemva kweminyaka engu-21 yokusebenza). E-Singapore, ukukhishwa kwezitifiketi kwenziwa minyaka yonke futhi kuthinta izinga lomholo wothisha. 

     Ezweni lethu  Isitifiketi sezikhathi ezithile singayekwa uma, ngokwesibonelo, njengenye indlela, kwethulwa uhlelo olunemininingwane eminingi yokuklomelisa iziqu zemfundo, eliqukethe inani elikhulu lamadigri amaphakathi kunamanje. Lapha kufanele siqaphele ukukopisha ngomshini amasu angaphandle. Isibonelo, imodeli yesimanje yaseNtshonalanga yezinyathelo ezintathu yokuqinisekisa abasebenzi besayensi  hhayi impela  ingena ohlelweni lwasekhaya lokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside kwamakhono ochwepheshe, kodwa ayihambisani nayo. 

      Ngenkathi isazibophezele ohlelweni lokunikeza izitifiketi, iRussia yenza umsebenzi omningi onzima ukuthuthukisa kanye nokwenza ngcono imibandela yokusebenza ngempumelelo kwezitifiketi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sicabangela iqiniso lokuthi umculo, njengobuciko ngokujwayelekile, kunzima ukuwenza ube semthethweni, ukwakheka, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu ukuhlola izinga.

     Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izwe elimakethe elinjalo njengeNingizimu Korea, ngenxa yokwesaba ukwehla kwekhwalithi yesitifiketi, linikeze ukulawula kwesitifiketi kuma-ejensi kahulumeni.

      Ukuhlaziywa kwezidingo zemfundo ezethulwa kuthisha womculo ngesikhathi sokunikezwa izitifiketi kubonisa ukuthi zidwetshwe ngendlela esezingeni eliphezulu. Isimo sinzima kakhulu  ngokusebenza ngempumelelo kwemibandela yokuhlola yemiphumela yesitifiketi. Ngenxa yezizathu eziqondile, ukuqinisekiswa kwezinga lobungcweti, ukulinganisa kolwazi olutholiwe, kanye nekhono lokulisebenzisa ngempumelelo, kunzima kakhulu ekusebenzeni. Lapho kuhlolwa ulwazi olutholiwe, kungenzeka  ukukhomba kuphela i-vector, ukuthambekela ekukhuleni kobuchwepheshe, kodwa hhayi ukurekhoda ngokunembile lokhu kuguquguquka kumaphuzu nama-coefficients. Lokhu kuphakamisa ubunzima obuthile ekuqhathaniseni imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezifundo ezahlukene. Ubunzima obufanayo buyatholakala  kanye nozakwethu bakwamanye amazwe. Umphakathi wochwepheshe emazweni amaningi uyaqhubeka nokusebenza ekuthuthukiseni izimfuneko zeziqu zothisha bomculo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, umbono ogqamile uwukuthi, naphezu kokusebenza kahle okuphansi kokuqapha inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kothisha, ezinye izindlela zokuhlola ezithuthuke kakhulu azikatholakali okwamanje (bona, isibonelo, blog.twedt.com/archives/2714#Comments .”Izinhlangano Zothisha Zomculo:Izigaba Zokubukiswa noma Izibhedlela Zokwelapha?”/).  Lokhu akusho nakancane ukuthi ukulawula izinga lesitifiketi kungancishiswa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqiniswe ukusetshenziswa kwemibandela yokuhlola izinga lokuqeqeshwa kwalabo abanikezwa izitifiketi. Ukuphumelela okuqinisekile  области контроля  ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokutadisha kungaba ukudalwa esikhathini esizayo senguqulo ye-elekthronikhi  ukuqeqeshwa okuthuthukisiwe kothisha bomculo (okungcono akukona okokudala, kude nokuhlolwa Kwesifunda Esihlanganisiwe). Ngokwethiyori lokhu kungenzeka. Konje,  usungenile manje   ENgilandi, eShayina nakwamanye amazwe, ezinye zezinhlelo zemfundo zihlinzekwa nge-inthanethi, kanye naku-PRC nangomabonakude wesathelayithi nomsakazo. I-China isikwazile ukukhiqiza “izincwadi zomculo ze-telesatellite.” Ukuxhumanisa lawa mafomu amasha neziteshi zokufunda (Imfundo ehlakaniphile), "i-Chinese Internet Alliance of Teacher Education" yasungulwa.

     Isilinganiso solwazi esidingekayo ukuze kuphasiswe isitifiketi esihlongozwayo ezweni lethu sinephutha futhi asihambisani ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola izigaba zeziqu zokuqala neziphakeme kakhulu, inani lolwazi lobungcweti elidingekayo ukuze uphumelele isitifiketi lisungulwa ngenani.  Amahora angu-216 enkathini ngayinye yeminyaka emihlanu (okufana nokuzama ukukala ukukhiqiza kweciko ngamamitha-skwele). Ngesikhathi esifanayo,  kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga lokugcwalisa isabelo liphezulu kakhulu kangangokuthi  ngokwezinga elithile inxephezela izindleko zendlela “yobuningi” yokukala ulwazi olusha olutholiwe.

    Ukuze uqhathanise, e-Austria okungenani amahora angu-15 abelwa minyaka yonke ukuqeqeshwa okuthuthukile,  eDenmark -30, Singapore - 100, eHolland amahora angama-166. E-UK, ukuthuthukiswa kothisha (kuye ngokuthi isigaba sesikhungo semfundo) kuyasetshenziswa  minyaka yonke izinsuku zokusebenza eziyi-18, Japan - izinsuku ezingama-20 ezikhungweni zokuqeqesha kanye nenani elifanayo esikoleni sakho. E-Denmark, uthisha ukhokhela ukuqeqeshwa ngokwakhe (kodwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu angakwazi ukubamba iqhaza ohlelweni lokuqeqesha oluthuthukisiwe mahhala), futhi uchitha ingxenye yeholide lakhe.

      Usizo oluthile kothisha ekukhuleni kwabo emsebenzini lunganikezwa umkhuba othuthuke kakhulu wamakhomishana wokunikeza izitifiketi athuthukisa izincomo kohlolwayo mayelana nezindawo eziqhubekayo zokuthuthuka kochwepheshe (imfundo yokulungisa).

      Iqhaza elikhulu ekugqugquzeleni othisha bomculo ukuthi bathuthukise ulwazi lwabo  izinga lochwepheshe  idlala indima esenzweni sokuxhumanisa ukukhula kwekhono nokukhushulwa esikhundleni, ukukhushulwa kwamaholo, nokwenyuka kodumo  umsebenzi kathisha, ezinye izinhlobo zokukhuthaza. Emazweni amaningi, le nkinga ixazululwa kokubili ezingeni elikhulu futhi ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezinhlaka zemfundo ngayinye.

      Ngokwesibonelo, eShayina, ezingeni lezomthetho, kwanqunywa ukuthi “isilinganiso somholo wothisha akufanele sibe ngaphansi, kodwa futhi singabi ngaphansi.  iphakeme kunesilinganiso seholo lezisebenzi zikahulumeni, futhi ikhula njalo.” Ngaphandle kwalokho,  ukuthi umbuso waseShayina ungumnikezeli oyinhloko wesistimu yezemfundo yezwe. Iphinde ibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni izimo zokuhlala zothisha (izinhlelo zezimali eziqondiswe kwezezindlu), kanye nezimo zabo zokuhlala. Ngasikhathi sinye, uzama ukukhipha umkhuba wokuxhasa ngezimali waseShayina kwamanye amazwe, uqhathanise nesipiliyoni  kwezinye izifundazwe, kufanele sicabangele iqiniso lokuthi emazweni ahlukene izindleko zemfundo kwisabelomali sikahulumeni azifani. Futhi bancike, ezinye izinto ziyalingana, hhayi kakhulu kulokho okuthandwa yiziphathimandla ezimaphakathi,  malini ngokugcwalisa uhlangothi lwemali engenayo lwesabelomali. Ngaphandle kombuso  eminye imithombo yemali engenayo yezikhungo zomculo e-China yizisekelo zokupha, imali engenayo evela kubaqashi, ukonga iqoqo, iminikelo, izinkokhelo, njll. Uma kuqhathaniswa, e-USA, ama-50% esabelomali salezi zinhlangano akhiwa umbuso omelwe indawo. iziphathimandla, ama-40% - avela ezinhlanganweni ezizimele ze-philanthropic, 10% - emithonjeni yazo: izimali ezivela ekuthengisweni kwamathikithi, ukukhangisa, njll.

        Ukukhuthaza othisha ukuthi bathuthukise iziqu zabo, iRussia ifuna uhlelo olufanele lokukhula kwemisebenzi. Lolu daba luye lwathintwa kancane ngenhla, okuhlanganisa nalapho kucutshungulwa uhlelo lwangaphandle lokunikeza iziqu zemfundo. Njengoba ezweni lakithi izimo azikakavuthwa ngokugcwele ukuze kulungiswe ngokuphelele imodeli yaseNtshonalanga yeziqu zemfundo ohlelweni lwethu lwamanje lokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukile, lezi zindlela eziyinhloko zethonya zisalokhu zisezikhundleni zabaguquli basekhaya ohlelweni lwezemfundo.

     Okokuqala, lokhu ukwakhiwa (ngaphakathi kohlelo lwamanje lokunikeza isitifiketi kwabasebenzi besayensi) kwezindlela zokubona impumelelo engokoqobo njengesisekelo esanele sokuklonyeliswa kweziqu zemfundo ephakeme. Yakha indlela efanele yokuhlola imiphumela yesayensi kanye/noma ephathekayo yentuthuko eyenziwe ngabasebenzi besayensi nezokufundisa.

     Okwesibili, ukwethulwa kweziqu ezengeziwe zezemfundo ezimaphakathi ohlelweni lwasekhaya lokunikeza izitifiketi zabasebenzi besayensi. Nweba uhlelo lwamanje olunamaleveli amabili lokunikeza isitifiketi kwabasebenzi besayensi nesayensi, okuhlanganisa kuyo i-analogue egcwele yeziqu ze-bachelor (evikelwe ngokusemthethweni), idigri yezemfundo (hhayi isihloko) sikaprofesa osebenzisana naye, uyinikeze ikhwalithi entsha. njengeziqu zemfundo ezimaphakathi phakathi komuntu ozokhethwa kanye nodokotela wezesayensi, njll. Kungaba kuhle ukuvikela amadigri ezemfundo amaphakathi ngokohlelo olwenziwe lula. Mhlawumbe umsebenzi oyinhloko ekusetshenzisweni kwale phrojekthi ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu yeziqu zemfundo nenqubo yomjikelezo wokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukisiwe: izigaba ezintathu zeminyaka emihlanu. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwePeople's Republic of China kuyathakazelisa, lapho bethula khona iziqu zemfundo ezengeziwe "zochwepheshe", bandulele iziqu ze-bachelor's. Futhi eJalimane, ngaphezu kwalabo abamukelwa ngokuvamile, izinga elithi "habilization" (German Habilitation) liye lasungulwa, elilandela ngemuva kwezinga likaDokotela wePhilosophy, ngaphezu kwalo.

      Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi ulwele ukwandisa ukucaciswa kochwepheshe okuvundlile kwezihloko zesayensi (i-bachelor yezifundo zamasiko, i-bachelor of musicology, i-bachelor of music pedagogue, njll.)

      Okwesithathu, ukwakha ileli lemisebenzi ehambisanayo esebenzayo. Ukuhlolwa okujabulisayo kwenziwa ezikoleni eziningi zamabanga aphezulu zaseRussia ngaphansi kwe-EA Yamburg. Uthisha owaziwayo uzama ukuthethelela ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthuthukisa ukukhula kothisha “okuvundlile”, ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi bothisha ngokwezikhundla “zothishela,” “uthisha omkhulu”, “uthisha oholayo”, “uthisha ohlonishwayo” kuyilapho egcina imfundo. ukukhula komsebenzi wendabuko "okuqondile". Uma kuqhathaniswa, ezikoleni zamabanga aphakeme aseShayina, othisha bangakwazi ukuthatha lezi zikhundla ezilandelayo: uthisha wesigaba esiphezulu, uthisha wesigaba sokuqala, sesibili nesesithathu, kanti kwezinye izimo - uthisha-uthisha wamakilasi asebenzayo.

     Ulwazi lokuhlukanisa othisha olusetshenziswa kwezinye izikole zaseCalifornia lungaba usizo: Umsizi Wokufundisa, Uthisha Obambele Wesikhathi Eside, Uthisha Obambele Wesikhashana), uthisha wesikhathi esigcwele kanye nothisha wetoho.  yosuku (bona i-CareersInMusic.com(Pride Multimedia,LLC) [US] https://www.careersin.com/music-teacher/. Abanye othisha bomculo waseMelika bangena emsebenzini wokuphatha, isibonelo, njengomhloli wesifunda, izintshisekelo zokukhula komsebenzi Umculo (Umphathi Wesifunda Somculo)  noma Ingcweti Yekharikhulamu Yomculo.

     Umehluko wenqubo yemfundo yobungcweti yangemva kokuthweswa iziqu usebenza njengesisekelo esihle sokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwezinto ezikhuthazayo zokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukisiwe okuvela ezikhwameni ezifanele zenhlangano yemfundo eyisisekelo.

     Kwamanye amazwe, njengeDenmark,  в  Isabelomali sesikole sihlinzekela izindleko ezihlosiwe zokuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe ngenani okungenani lamaphesenti amathathu esikhwama samaholo.

       Ezifundeni eziningana zase-United States, ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa umkhuba wokwenyusa iholo likathisha abafundi bakhe abathola imiphumela ephakeme njalo. I-Pennsylvania ize yahlongoza ukuxhumanisa isabelomali semfundo saminyaka yonke sesifunda nokusebenza kothisha ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwabafundi. Kwezinye izikhungo zemfundo eNgilandi  ukwabiwa kabusha kwezimali okuvuna izinhlangano ezisebenza kahle nakho kuyaqhutshwa.  

     E-Singapore, lapho ethola imiphumela ephezulu esekelwe emiphumeleni yesitifiketi, isisebenzi sinikezwa ukukhushulwa komholo ngamaphesenti ayi-10-30. Othisha baseJapan abaziqeqesha kusihlwa noma ngokubhalelana bathola imadlana ecishe ibe ngu-10% yomholo wabo wenyanga. EJalimane, izifundazwe eziningi zihlinzeka ngekhefu lokufunda ngokomthetho (izinsuku ezimbalwa ezikhokhelwayo).

     Ukuthuthukisa izinga lemfundo, ngokwezinga elithile, kuzoncika ekuxazululeni inkinga yokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwenqubo yemfundo ngemishini yevidiyo neyomsindo, izikhungo zomculo, nemishini ye-MIDI.

     Kuningi okusamele kwenziwe ukuze kugqugquzelwe intshisekelo yomphakathi emculweni. Kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi izinga lezinga lomphakathi liphinde libe yikhwalithi yezingane ezizovula umnyango wesikole somculo futhi zibe amaMozarts kanye namaRubinsteins.

     Ukukhuluma ngezindlela ezahlukene zokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwasekhaya lokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukile, masizwakalise ithemba lokuthi, ekugcineni, sizokwazi ukugcina ukuzibophezela kwethu emigomeni yokuphumelela kwezemfundo, amasiko e-classical kanye namagugu ekuqeqesheni abaculi. Kubalulekile ukulondoloza nokwandisa amandla obuhlakani obuphelele bezwe. Futhi ngalesi sisekelo sizokwenza ukugxumela esikhathini esizayo somculo. Ngendlela, ochwepheshe baseShayina bayavuma ukuthi iphutha eliyinhloko lesistimu yabo yemfundo yimfundo ephansi kanye nokubusa kwama-empirics, okuyinto, ngokombono wabo, ikhawulela insiza yobuhlakani yothisha.

       Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukuzwakalisa ukuzethemba ukuthi ukunaka okukhulayo kwezobuciko kanye nemizamo eyenziwa eRussian Federation yokuguqula imfundo yomculo nokwenza ngcono uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukile kuzothela izithelo. Lokhu kuzosivumela ukuthi silungiselele amaqembu esimanje othisha bomculo kusenesikhathi, futhi sihlome ngokugcwele ukuze sihlangabezane nokuwa kwezibalo zabantu okuzayo nezinye izinselele zangaphandle nezangaphakathi.

     Siyethemba ukuthi eminye yemibono eshiwo ngenhla izodingeka. Umbhali akakufuni ukuphelela nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kocwaningo. Uma noma ubani enentshisekelo yokucutshungulwa okuningiliziwe kwezindaba eziphakanyisiwe, singalokotha sibheke inothi lokuhlaziya "Izinkinga zokuguqula imfundo yomculo eRussia ngamehlo othisha wesikole somculo wezingane" (https://music-education.ru /inkinga-reformirovaniya-muzikalnogo -obrazovaniya-v-rossii/). Ukucatshangelwa okuhlukene mayelana nemfundo yezihlakaniphi zomculo zesikhathi esizayo kuqukethwe endabeni ethi "Ubuntwana kanye nentsha yabaculi abakhulu: indlela eya empumelelweni" (http://music-education.ru/esse-detstvo-i-yunost-velikiх-muzykantov- beka-k-uspexu/ .