Angiolina Bosio (Angiolina Bosio) |
Angiolina Bosio
U-Angiolina Bosio akazange aphile iminyaka engamashumi amathathu emhlabeni. Umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko wathatha iminyaka eyishumi nantathu kuphela. Umuntu kwakudingeka abe nethalenta elikhanyayo ukuze ashiye uphawu olungenakucimeka enkumbulweni yabantu bangaleyo nkathi, ababephana kakhulu ngamakhono ezwi! Phakathi kwabalandeli bomculi wase-Italy kukhona uSerov, Tchaikovsky, Odoevsky, Nekrasov, Chernyshevsky ...
U-Angiolina Bosio wazalwa ngo-August 28, 1830 edolobheni lase-Italy laseTurin, emndenini womdlali. Kakade eneminyaka eyishumi, waqala ukufundela ukucula eMilan noVenceslao Cattaneo.
Ukuqala komculi kwenzeka ngoJulayi 1846 eRoyal Theatre eMilan, lapho adlala khona indima kaLucrezia ku-opera kaVerdi ethi "The Two Foscari".
Ngokungafani nabantu abaningi besikhathi sakhe, uBosio wajabulela ukuthandwa okukhulu phesheya kunasekhaya. Ukuvakasha okuphindaphindiwe kwe-Europe kanye nama-players e-United States kwamlethela ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, kwamfaka ngokushesha ezingeni lamaciko aphambili angaleso sikhathi.
UBosio ucule eVerona, Madrid, Copenhagen, New York, Paris. Abalandeli bezwi bamukele ngokufudumele lo mculi esiteji se-Covent Garden Theatre yaseLondon. Into eyinhloko kwezobuciko bakhe umculo oqotho, ukuhlonishwa kwemisho, ubuqili bemibala ye-timbre, umoya wangaphakathi. Mhlawumbe, lezi zici, hhayi amandla ezwi lakhe, zidonsele ukunakwa kwabathandi bomculo baseRussia kuye. KwakuseRussia, okwaba izwe lesibili lomculi, lapho uBosio ethola uthando olukhethekile ezilalelini.
UBosio wafika okokuqala eSt. Petersburg ngo-1853, kakade esesezingeni eliphezulu lodumo lwakhe. Njengoba eqale ukudlala eSt. Petersburg ngo-1855, wacula amasizini amane elandelana esiteji se-Italian Opera futhi ngokudlala okusha ngakunye wazuza inani elandayo labalandeli. I-repertoire yomculi ibanzi kakhulu, kodwa imisebenzi kaRossini noVerdi ibambe indawo eyinhloko kuyo. UnguVioletta wokuqala esiteji saseRussia, wacula izindima zikaGilda, uLeonora, uLouise Miller kuma-opera kaVerdi, uSemiramide ku-opera yegama elifanayo, i-Countess ku-opera ethi “Count Ori” noRosina ku-Rossini ethi “The Barber waseSeville”, uZerlina ku-“Don Giovanni” kanye noZerlina ku-”Fra Diavolo, Elvira ku-The Puritans, the Countess in The Count Ory, Lady Henrietta ngoMashi.
Ngokwezinga lobuciko bezwi, ukujula kokungena ezweni elingokomoya lesithombe, umculo ophezulu weBosio wawungowabaculi abakhulu benkathi. Ubunjalo bakhe bokudala abuzange buvezwe ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni, abalaleli babeyithanda indlela emangalisayo nezwi - i-lyrical soprano. Khona-ke bakwazi ukwazisa impahla eyigugu kakhulu yethalente lakhe - inkondlo ephefumulelwe i-lyricism, eyazibonakalisa endalweni yakhe engcono kakhulu - uVioletta eLa Traviata. I-debut ka-Gilda ku-Rigoletto ka-Verdi yamukelwe ngemvume, kodwa ngaphandle kwentshiseko enkulu. Phakathi kwezimpendulo zokuqala emaphephandabeni, umbono kaRostislav (F. Tolstoy) kuyi-Northern Bee iyisici: “Izwi likaBosio liyi-soprano ehlanzekile, elimnandi ngendlela engavamile, ikakhulukazi emisindo ephakathi ... irejista ephezulu icacile, iyiqiniso, nakuba kungenjalo. uqine kakhulu, kodwa unesiphiwo sokuba nendodana ethile, hhayi engenakho ukuveza. Nokho, ngokushesha umlobeli wengosi uRaevsky uthi: “UBozio waqala ukudlala ngempumelelo, kodwa waba intandokazi yomphakathi ngemva kokudlala ingxenye kaLeonora e-Il trovatore, eyethulwa okokuqala emphakathini waseSt.
URostislav waphawula futhi: “Wayengafuni ukumangala noma, kunalokho, ukumangaza izilaleli zisuka nje ngokuphimisela kanzima, amavesi ahlaba umxhwele ngendlela engavamile noma ahlekisayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngoba ... ekuqaleni kwakhe, wakhetha indima enesizotha kaGilda ("Rigoletto"), lapho ukuphimisela kwakhe, ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu elimangalisayo, akukwazanga ukuphuma ngokuphelele. Ebuka ukuhamba kancane, uBosio uvele ngokunye kumaPuritans, Don Pasquale, Il trovatore, The Barber of Seville kanye neThe North Star. Kusukela kulokhu kuhamba kancane kancane kwaba nomphumela omuhle empumelelweni kaBosio ... Uzwela ngaye lwakhula futhi lwathuthuka ... ngomdlalo omusha ngamunye, amagugu akhe ethalente abonakala engapheli ... Ngemva kwengxenye enomusa kaNorina ... umbono womphakathi waklonyelisa i-prima donna yethu entsha umqhele we-mezzo. -izingxenye zophawu … Kodwa u-Bosio uvele ku-“Troubadour”, futhi izimfundamakhwela zazididekile, zilalele ukuphindaphinda kwakhe okungokwemvelo, okucacile. “Kunjani…,” basho, “sikholelwa ukuthi idrama ejulile yayingenakufinyeleleka ku-prima donna yethu emnandi.”
Kunzima ukuthola amagama okuchaza okwenzeka ngo-Okthoba 20, 1856, lapho u-Angiolina enza ingxenye ye-Violetta okokuqala eLa Traviata. Ukuhlanya okujwayelekile ngokushesha kwaphenduka uthando oludumile. Indima kaVioletta kwaba impumelelo ephakeme kakhulu yeBosio. Izibuyekezo ze-rave bezingapheli. Okuphawuleka kakhulu ikhono elimangalisayo nokungena umculi achitha ngakho isigcawu sokugcina.
“Uke wamuzwa uBosio eLa Traviata? Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke hamba futhi ulalele, futhi ngokokuqala ngqa, ngokushesha nje lapho le opera inikezwa, ngoba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wazi kangakanani ithalente lalo mculi, ngaphandle kweLa Traviata, umuntu omaziyo uzoba phezulu. Izindlela ezicebile zikaBosio njengomculi neciko elimangalisayo azivezwa kunoma iyiphi i-opera ngobuhlakani obunjalo. Lapha, uzwela lwezwi, ubuqotho nomusa wokucula, ukwenza okuhle nokukhaliphile, ngegama, yonke into eyakha ubuhle bokusebenza, lapho uBosio ebambe khona umusa ongenamkhawulo futhi ocishe uhlukaniswe weSt. Petersburg esidlangalaleni - yonke into ithole ukusetshenziswa okuhle kakhulu ku-opera entsha. “NguBosio kuphela oseLa Traviata osekukhulunywa ngaye … Yeka izwi, ukucula okunje. Akukho esikwazi kangcono eSt. Petersburg okwamanje.”
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwakunguBosio owaphefumulela uTurgenev ngesiqephu esimangalisayo encwadini ethi "On the Eve", lapho u-Insarov no-Elena bekhona eVenice lapho kudlalwa "La Traviata": "I-duet yaqala, inombolo engcono kakhulu ye- i-opera, lapho umqambi ekwazile ukuveza konke ukuzisola kwentsha eyachithwa ngobuhlanya, umzabalazo wokugcina uthando olungenathemba nolungenawo amandla. Ethathwe umoya wozwelo olujwayelekile, ngezinyembezi zenjabulo yobuciko nokuhlupheka kwangempela emehlweni akhe, umculi wazinikela egagasini elikhuphukayo, ubuso bakhe bashintsha, futhi phambi kwesipoki esesabekayo ... ukugijima okungaka komthandazo ufinyelela esibhakabhakeni, amazwi aphuma kuye: “Lasciami vivere … morire si giovane!” (“Ngiyeke ngiphile… ngife ngimncane kangaka!”), okwaze kwathi yonke indawo yaseshashalazini yahlokoma ihlombe kanye nokukhala okujabulisayo.”
Izithombe ezingcono kakhulu zasesiteji - u-Gilda, u-Violetta, u-Leonora ngisho namaqhawekazi ajabule: izithombe - ... amaqhawekazi - u-Bosio unikeze ukuthinta okucabangelayo, i-melancholy esankondlo. “Kunohlobo oluthile lwephimbo elicasulayo kulokhu kucula. Lolu uchungechunge lwemisindo etheleka ngqo emphefumulweni wakho, futhi sivumelana ngokuphelele nomunye wabathandi bomculo owathi lapho ulalela i-Bosio, uhlobo oluthile lomuzwa wokulila luhlaba inhliziyo yakho ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngempela, kwakunguBosio njengoGilda. Yini, ngokwesibonelo, engaba mnandi kakhulu futhi ibe yinhle, igcwaliswe umbala oyinkondlo waleyo trill u-Bosio aqeda ngayo i-aria yakhe ye-Act II futhi okuthi, ukuqala kancane, kancane kancane ibe buthakathaka futhi ekugcineni ibe yiqhwa emoyeni. Futhi inombolo ngayinye, ibinzana ngalinye le-Bosio lathathwa yizimfanelo ezimbili ezifanayo - ukujula komzwelo nomusa, izimfanelo ezakha isici esiyinhloko somsebenzi wakhe ... Ubulula obuhle nobuqotho - yilokho alwela ukukwenza. Bencoma ukusebenza kahle kwezingxenye zephimbo ezinzima kakhulu, abagxeki baveza ukuthi “ebuntwini bukaBosio, isici sokuzizwa sikhona. Ukuzizwa kuyisici esiyinhloko sokucula kwakhe - ukukhanga, ukufinyelela ukukhanga ... Izethameli zilalela lokhu kucula okunomoya ophansi, okungelona iqiniso futhi ziyesaba ukusho inothi elilodwa.
U-Bosio udale igalari yonke yezithombe zamantombazane nabesifazane abancane, abangajabule futhi bejabule, ukuhlupheka nokujabula, ukufa, ukuzijabulisa, ukuthanda nokuthandwa. U-AA Gozenpud uyaphawula: “Indikimba eyinhloko yomsebenzi kaBosio ingabonakala ngesihloko somjikelezo wezwi kaSchumann, Uthando Nokuphila Kowesifazane. Wadlulisela ngamandla alinganayo ukwesaba kwentombazane encane ngaphambi komzwelo ongaziwa kanye nokudakwa kothando, ukuhlupheka kwenhliziyo ehlushwa kanye nokunqoba kothando. Njengoba sekushiwo, le timu yafakwa ngokujulile engxenyeni ye-Violetta. Ukusebenza kukaBosio bekuphelele kangangokuthi ngisho nabaculi abafana noPatti abakwazanga ukumkhipha enkumbulweni yabantu besikhathi sakhe. U-Odoevsky noTchaikovsky babemazisa kakhulu uBosio. Uma umbukeli ohlonishwayo wakhangwa ubuciko bakhe ngomusa, ukukhalipha, ubuhle, ukuphelela kobuchwepheshe, khona-ke umbukeli we-raznochinny wakhangwa ukungena, ukwesaba, ukufudumala komzwelo nobuqotho bokusebenza. UBosio wajabulela ukuthandwa okukhulu nothando endaweni yentando yeningi; wayevame ukwenza futhi ngokuzithandela emakhonsathini, iqoqo elatholwa livuna abafundi "abanganele".
Ababuyekezi babhale ngazwi linye ukuthi ngokusebenza ngakunye, ukucula kukaBosio kuba kuphelele kakhulu. “Izwi lomculi wethu othakazelisayo, nomuhle, selibonakala linamandla, liya lisanda”; noma: “… Izwi likaBosio lathola amandla amaningi, njengoba impumelelo yakhe yayiqina … izwi lakhe laliba phezulu.”
Kodwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ka-1859, wangenwa umkhuhlane phakathi nolunye uhambo lwakhe. Ngo-Ephreli 9, umculi wabulawa yinyumoniya. Isiphetho esidabukisayo sikaBosio savela kaningi ngaphambi kokubuka u-Osip Mandelstam:
“Emizuzwini embalwa ngaphambi kokuqala kobuhlungu, inqola yezicishamlilo yaduma ngaseNevsky. Wonke umuntu wahlehla ebheke emafasiteleni anenkungu yesikwele, futhi u-Angiolina Bosio, ongowokuzalwa e-Piedmont, indodakazi kasomahlaya ompofu ojikelezayo - i-basso comico - wasala yedwa isikhashana.
… Umusa weqhude wezimpondo zomlilo, njengebhadi elingakaze lizwakale leshwa elinqobayo elingenamibandela, lingene egumbini lokulala elingenawo umoya ohlanzekile wendlu kaDemidov. Kwaduma ama-Bitiug anemiphongolo, amarula nezitebhisi, futhi ipani lokuthosa lamathoshi layikhotha izibuko. Kodwa ekwazini okufiphele komculi ofayo, le nqwaba yomsindo wezikhulu ezishisayo, lokhu kugabavula kwamajazi esikhumba sezimvu nezigqoko zokuzivikela, le misindo egcwele eboshiwe futhi yathathwa ngaphansi kokugadwa yaphenduka ucingo lwe-orchestral overture. Imigoqo yokugcina yomdlalo kaDue Poscari, i-opera yakhe yaseLondon yokuqala, izwakale kahle ezindlebeni zayo ezincane, ezimbi…
Wasukuma wama ngezinyawo wacula ayekudinga, hhayi ngalelo zwi elimnandi, elithambile, elithambile elamenza waduma futhi wadunyiswa emaphepheni, kodwa ngomsindo wesifuba wentombazane eneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu ubudala, enephutha. , ukusaphaza ukulethwa komsindo uProfessor Cattaneo amthethisa ngawo kakhulu.
“Farewell, Traviata wami, Rosina, Zerlina…”
Ukushona kukaBosio kwenanela ngobuhlungu ezinhliziyweni zezinkulungwane zabantu ababemthanda ngentshiseko lo mculi. "Namuhla ngifundile ngokufa kukaBosio futhi ngazisola kakhulu," kubhala uTurgenev encwadini ayibhalela uGoncharov. - Ngambona ngosuku lokusebenza kwakhe kokugcina: wadlala "La Traviata"; akazange acabange ngaleso sikhathi, edlala owesifazane owayezofa, ukuthi kwakuzodingeka abambe le ndima ngobuqotho. Uthuli nokubola namanga konke kuyizinto zasemhlabeni.
Emikhumbuzweni yomshisekeli wenguquko uP. Kropotkin, sithola imigqa elandelayo: “Lapho u-prima donna Bosio egula, izinkulungwane zabantu, ikakhulukazi intsha, zema zingenzi lutho kwaze kwaba sebusuku kakhulu emnyango wehhotela ukuze zithole ulwazi mayelana nalesi sifo. impilo ye-diva. Wayengemuhle, kodwa wayebonakala emuhle kakhulu uma ecula kangangokuthi intsha eyayihlanya ithandana naye yayingabalwa ngamakhulu. Lapho uBosio eshona, wanikezwa umngcwabo owawungakaze ubonwe ePetersburg.
Isiphetho somculi wase-Italy siphinde sanyatheliswa emigqeni ye-Satire ka-Nekrasov ethi "On the Weather":
Imizwa namathambo e-Samoyed Bazobekezelela noma yikuphi umkhuhlane, kodwa nina, izivakashi zaseningizimu yeVociferous, Ingabe silungile ebusika? Khumbula – Bosio, IPetropolis eziqhenyayo ayizange imshiyele lutho. Kodwa waze wazisonga ngomphimbo weNightingale. Indodakazi yase-Italy! Ngeqhwa laseRussia Kunzima ukuzwana nama roses asemini. Wathobisa ibunzi lakho eliphelele phambi kwamandla akhe, ulele ezweni elingalaziyo emangcwabeni angenalutho, anosizi. Nikhohliwe nina bafokazi Ngalolo suku nanikelwa ngalo emhlabeni, Sekuyisikhathi eside omunye ecula, Lapho benithela ngezimbali. Kukhanya, kunomsindo webhesi ephindwe kabili, Kusekhona i-timpani enomsindo. Yebo! enyakatho edabukisayo nathi Imali inzima nama-laurels ayabiza!
Ngo-April 12, 1859, uBosio wabonakala engcwaba yonke iSt. “Kwabuthana isixuku sizokhipha isidumbu sakhe emzini kaDemidov siyiswe eSontweni LamaKatolika, kuhlanganise nabafundi abaningi ababebonga umufi ngokuhlela amakhonsathi ukuze kuzuze abafundi basenyuvesi ababenganele,” kufakaza omunye walezi zenzakalo. Umphathi Wamaphoyisa uShuvalov, esaba izibhelu, wavalela indlu yesonto namaphoyisa, okwabangela intukuthelo enkulu. Kodwa ukwesaba kwabonakala kungenasisekelo. Udwendwe ngokuthula okulusizi lwaya emathuneni amaKhatholika ohlangothini lwaseVyborg, eduze kwaseArsenal. Ethuneni lomculi, omunye wabathandi bethalente lakhe, u-Count Orlov, wakhasa phansi equlekile. Ngezindleko zakhe, kamuva kwakhiwa itshe lesikhumbuzo elihle.
