Francesca Cuzzoni |

Francesca Cuzzoni

Omunye wabaculi abavelele bekhulu lesi-XNUMX, uCuzzoni-Sandoni, wayenezwi le-timbre enhle, ethambile, waphumelela ngokulinganayo ku-coloratura eyinkimbinkimbi kanye ne-cantilena arias.

C. Burney ucaphuna amazwi omqambi I.-I. UQuantz uchaza izimfanelo zomculi kanje: “UCuzzoni wayenezwi elimnandi nelikhanyayo le-soprano, iphimbo elimsulwa kanye ne-trill enhle; ububanzi bezwi lakhe buhlanganisa ama-octave amabili - ukusuka kwikota eyodwa ukuya kwezintathu kwikota c. Indlela yakhe yokucula yayilula futhi igcwele umuzwa; imihlobiso yakhe ayizange ibonakale ingeyokwenziwa, ngenxa yendlela elula nenembayo ayewenza ngayo; nokho, wadonsa izinhliziyo zezilaleli ngamazwi akhe amnene nathinta inhliziyo. Ku-allegro wayengenalo ijubane elikhulu, kodwa ayehlukaniswa ngokuphelela nokushelela kokubulawa, okupholishiwe futhi kumnandi. Kodwa-ke, ngazo zonke lezi zimfanelo ezinhle, kufanele kuvunywe ukuthi wadlala ngendlela ebandayo nokuthi isimo sakhe sasingafaneleki kakhulu esiteji.

UFrancesca Cuzzoni-Sandoni wazalwa ngo-1700 edolobheni lase-Italy iParma, emndenini ompofu we-violinist u-Angelo Cuzzoni. Wafundela ukucula noPetronio Lanzi. Wenza i-debut yakhe esiteji se-opera ngo-1716 edolobheni lakubo. Kamuva wacula ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini Bologna, Venice, Siena ngempumelelo ekhulayo.

“Emubi, enomlingisi ongabekezeleleki, umculi nokho waheha izethameli ngobumnene bakhe, ubuhle be-timbre, i-cantilena engenakulinganiswa ekuculweni kwe-adagio,” kubhala u-E. Tsodokov. - Ekugcineni, ngo-1722, i-prima donna ithola isimemo esivela ku-G.-F. U-Handel nozakwabo i-impresario Johann Heidegger bazocula eLondon Kingstier. Ungqondongqondo waseJalimane, osungulwe ngokuqinile enhloko-dolobha yaseNgilandi, uzama ukunqoba "i-Albion enenkungu" ngama-opera akhe ase-Italy. Uqondisa iRoyal Academy of Music (eklanyelwe ukukhuthaza i-opera yase-Italy) futhi uqhudelana ne-Italian Giovanni Bononcini. Isifiso sokuthola uCuzzoni sikhulu kangangokuthi ngisho nomculi we-harpsichord waseshashalazini uPietro Giuseppe Sandoni uthunyelwa e-Italy. Endleleni eya eLondon, uFrancesca nomngane wakhe baqala ubuhlobo obuholela emshadweni osemusha. Ekugcineni, ngo-December 29, 1722, I-British Journal imemezela ukufika okuseduze kweCuzzoni-Sandoni esanda kwenziwa eNgilandi, ingakhohlwa ukubika imali yayo yesizini, engamaphawundi angu-1500 (empeleni, i-prima donna ithole amaphawundi angu-2000) .

NgoJanuwari 12, 1723, umculi wenza i-London debut yakhe ku-premiere ye-opera ye-Handel ethi Otto, iNkosi yaseJalimane (ingxenye ye-Theophane). Phakathi kwabalingani bakaFrancesca kukhona u-castrato Senesino wase-Italy odumile, osedlale naye kaningi. Ukusebenza kuma-premieres we-opera ka-Handel uJulius Caesar (1724, ingxenye kaCleopatra), uTamerlane (1724, ingxenye ye-Asteria), kanye noRodelinda (1725, ingxenye yesihloko). Ngokuzayo, uCuzzoni wacula izindima eziholayo eLondon - kokubili ku-opera ye-Handel ethi “Admet”, “Scipio and Alexander”, nakuma-opera abanye ababhali. UCoriolanus, uVespasian, u-Artaxerxes noLucius Verus ka-Ariosti, Calpurnia kanye ne-Astyanax kaBononcini. Futhi yonke indawo waphumelela, futhi inani abalandeli lakhula.

Ihlazo elaziwayo kanye nenkani yomdwebi akuzange kumkhathaze u-Handel, owayenokuzimisela okwanele. Lapho i-prima donna yayingafuni ukwenza i-aria evela ku-Ottone njengoba umqambi eshilo. Ngokushesha u-Handel wathembisa uCuzzoni ukuthi uma kwenzeka enqaba ngokuphelele, uzomane amkhiphe ngefasitela!

Ngemva kokuba uFrancesca ebelethe indodakazi ehlobo lika-1725, ukuhlanganyela kwakhe enkathini ezayo kwakunombuzo. I-Royal Academy kwadingeka ilungiselele ozongena esikhundleni. U-Handel ngokwakhe uya eVienna, enkantolo yoMbusi uCharles VI. Lapha bakhonza omunye umNtaliyane - uFaustina Bordoni. Umqambi, osebenza njenge-impresario, uyakwazi ukuqeda inkontileka nomculi, enikeza izimo ezinhle zezimali.

U-E. Tsodokov uthi: “Ngemva kokuthola “ idayimane ” elisha kumuntu waseBordoni, i-Handel yaphinde yathola izinkinga ezintsha. - Ungawahlanganisa kanjani ama-prima donnas amabili esiteji? Phela uCuzzoni uyaziwa ngokuziphatha kahle, kanti umphakathi ohlukene kabili uzowufaka umlilo. Konke lokhu kubonwe kusengaphambili umqambi, ebhala i-opera yakhe entsha ethi "Alexander", lapho uFrancesca noFaustina (okubuye kube yi-debut yaseLondon) kufanele bahlangane esiteji. Izimbangi zesikhathi esizayo, izindima ezimbili ezilinganayo zihloselwe - abafazi baka-Alexander Omkhulu, uLizaura noRoxana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani le-arias kufanele lilingane, kuma-duets kufanele ahluke ngokuhlukile. Futhi uNkulunkulu makakwenqabele ukuthi ibhalansi yephulwe! Manje kuyacaca ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi, kude nomculo, u-Handel wayevame ukuxazulula emsebenzini wakhe wokusebenza. Lena akuyona indawo yokungena ekuhlaziyweni kwefa lomculo womqambi omkhulu, kodwa, ngokusobala, umbono walabo chwepheshe bomculo abakholelwa ukuthi, lapho ezikhulule ku-opera "umthwalo" osindayo ngo-1741, wathola leyo nkululeko yangaphakathi. lokho kwamvumela ukuba azenzele eyakhe imisebenzi yobuciko engasekho ohlotsheni lwe-oratorio (“Messiah”, “Samson”, “Judas Maccabee”, njll.).

Ngo-May 5, 1726, i-Premiere ye-"Alexander" yaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Ngenyanga yokuqala iyodwa, lokhu kukhiqizwa kusebenze imidlalo eyishumi nane. USenesino udlale indima yesicoco. Ama-prima donnas nawo asesicongweni somdlalo wawo. Ngokunokwenzeka, kwakuyiqembu le-opera elivelele kakhulu langaleso sikhathi. Ngeshwa, abaseBrithani bakha amakamu amabili abalandeli abangavumelani be-prima donnas, u-Handel ayesaba kakhulu.

Umqambi I.-I. UQuantz wayengufakazi waleyo ngxabano. “Phakathi kwezingxenye zabo bobabili abaculi, uCuzzoni noFaustina, kwaba nobutha obukhulu kangangokuthi lapho abalandeli bomunye beqala ukushayelwa ihlombe, abalandeli bomunye babelokhu beshaya amakhwela, lapho iLondon yayimisa khona ukudlala imidlalo ye-opera isikhathi eside. Laba bahlabeleli babenobuhle obuhlukahlukene futhi obuhlaba umxhwele kangangokuthi, ukube abavamile bemidlalo yomculo bebengezona izitha zenjabulo yabo siqu, bebengase bashayele ihlombe ngamunye ngokushintshana, futhi bajabulele ukuphelela kwabo okuhlukahlukene. Ebhadi labantu abanolaka olulinganayo abafuna ubumnandi ngethalente noma kuphi lapho betholakala khona, ulaka lwalo mdonsiswano selubaphephise bonke osomabhizinisi abalandelayo ubuwula bokuletha abaculi ababili bobulili obufanayo nethalente ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze baxabanise. .

Nakhu okubhala u-E. Tsodokov:

“Phakathi nonyaka umzabalazo awuzange weqe imingcele yokuziphatha. Abaculi baqhubekile nokucula ngempumelelo. Kodwa isizini elandelayo iqale ngobunzima obukhulu. Okokuqala, uSenesino, obesekhathele ukuba sethunzini lombango wama-prima donnas, uthe ubegula wahamba waya kuleli zwekazi (obuyiswe ngesizini ezayo). Okwesibili, izimali ebezingacabangeki zezihlabani zanyakazisa isimo sezimali sabaphathi be-Academy. Abatholanga lutho olungcono kunokuthi "bavuselele" umbango phakathi kwe-Handel ne-Bononcini. U-Handel ubhala i-opera entsha ethi "Admet, King of Thessaly", eyaba yimpumelelo ephawulekayo (imidlalo engu-19 ngesizini ngayinye). U-Bononcini uphinde alungiselele umdlalo omusha wokuqala - i-opera i-Astianax. Yilokhu kukhiqizwa okwaba yingozi embangweni phakathi kwalezi zinkanyezi ezimbili. Uma ngaphambi kwalokho umzabalazo phakathi kwabo wenziwa ikakhulukazi "yizandla" zabalandeli futhi uqhunyiswa ekuqhumeni komunye nomunye emidlalweni, "ukuchelela" komunye nomunye emaphephandabeni, khona-ke ekuqalisweni komsebenzi omusha kaBononcini, wangena " ngokomzimba” isigaba.

Ake sichaze ngokuningiliziwe le ngqungquthela eyihlazo, eyenzeka ngo-June 6, 1727, phambi kwenkosikazi yeNkosana yaseWales uCaroline, lapho uBordoni wacula khona ingxenye kaHermione, futhi uCuzzoni wacula u-Andromache. Ngemva kokubhongiswa kwendabuko, amaqembu adlulela “ekhonsathini yekati” nezinye izinto ezingcolile; imizwa yama prima donnas ayikwazanga ukumelana nayo, yanamathelana. Kwaqala ukulwa kwabesifazane abafanayo - ngokuklwebheka, ukuklolodela, ukudonsa izinwele. Ama-tigress anegazi ashayana lutho. Ihlazo belilikhulu kangangokuba liholele ekutheni kuvalwe isizini ye-opera.”

Umqondisi we-Drury Lane Theatre, u-Colley Syber, wenza i-face ngenyanga elandelayo lapho laba baculi ababili bakhishwa khona beqhuqha ama-chignon, futhi u-Handel ekhuluma nge-phlegmatically kulabo ababefuna ukubahlukanisa: “Kuyekeni. Lapho sebekhathele, ukufutheka kwabo kuzoziphelela.” Futhi, ukuze asheshise ukuphela kwempi, wamkhuthaza ngezigqi ezinomsindo ze-timpani.

Lesi sihlava siphinde saba ngesinye sezizathu zokudalwa kwe-"Opera of the Beggars" edumile ka-D. Gay kanye no-I.-K. Pepusha ngo-1728. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwama-prima donnas kuboniswa ku-duet edumile yokuxabana phakathi kukaPolly noLucy.

Ngokushesha ingxabano phakathi kwabaculi yashabalala. Abathathu abadumile baphinde benza ndawonye kuma-opera e-Handel uKoresi, iNkosi yasePheresiya, uPtolemy, iNkosi yaseGibhithe. Kodwa konke lokhu akusindisi "Kingstier", izindaba zeshashalazi zilokhu ziwohloka njalo. Ngaphandle kokulinda ukuwa, ngo-1728 bobabili uCuzzoni noBordoni basuka eLondon.

UCuzzoni uyaqhubeka nokudlala kwakhe ekhaya eVenice. Ngemva kwalokhu, uvela eVienna. Enhloko-dolobha yase-Austria, akazange ahlale isikhathi eside ngenxa yezicelo ezinkulu zezimali. Ngo-1734-1737, uCuzzoni waphinda wacula eLondon, kulokhu neqembu lomqambi odumile uNicola Porpora.

Ukubuyela e-Italy ngo-1737, umculi wenza eFlorence. Kusukela ngo-1739 ubelokhu evakashela iYurophu. UCuzzoni udlala eVienna, eHamburg, eStuttgart, e-Amsterdam.

Kusenamahemuhemu amaningi mayelana ne-prima donna. Kuze kuzwakale ukuthi ubulale owakhe umyeni. E-Holland, uCuzzoni ugcina esejele labakweletayo. Umculi ukhululwa kuyo kusihlwa kuphela. Imali evela emidlalweni yeshashalazi iya ukukhokhela izikweletu.

UCuzzoni-Sandoni washona ebumpofu e-Bologna ngo-1770, ehola imali eminyakeni yamuva ngokwenza izinkinobho.