Umlando wokudalwa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-synthesizer

Sonke sazi kahle ukuthi upiyano uguquguquka kakhulu njengensimbi, futhi i-synthesizer ingenye yezingxenye zayo, ezingashintsha kakhulu wonke umculo, yandise amakhono ayo emikhawulweni abaqambi bakudala ababengakwazi ngisho ukuyicabanga. Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi iyiphi indlela eyahanjwa ngaphambi kokuthi kuvele i-synthesizer esiyijwayele. Ngiyashesha ukugcwalisa lesi sikhala.

Ngicabanga ukuthi akufanelekile ukuphinda inkulumo yokunqoba mayelana nenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe. Ungafunda ngomlando wepiyano lapha.

Ingabe uye wavuselela i-athikili enkumbulweni yakho, wayifunda okokuqala, noma wanquma ukuyiziba ngokuphelele? Nokho, akunandaba… Asingene kwezamabhizinisi!

Umlando: ama-synthesizer okuqala

Izimpande zegama elithi "synthesizer" zivela kumqondo we "synthesis", okungukuthi, ukudalwa kwento ethile (kithi, umsindo) ezingxenyeni ezihlukene ngaphambili. Esinye sezici zayo eziyinhloko ukuthi i-synthesizer iyakwazi ukukhiqiza hhayi kuphela imisindo yepiyano yakudala (futhi, ngendlela, ngisho nemisindo yepiyano izovame ukuhlinzekwa ngezinguqulo ezahlukene), kodwa futhi ukulingisa umsindo wezinye eziningi. izinsimbi. Futhi ziqukethe imisindo ye-elekthronikhi engakhiqizwa ama-synthesizer kuphela. Kodwa okungcono ithuluzi, intengo yayo izoba phezulu - lokhu kudala ibhalansi futhi lokhu, okungenani, kunengqondo.

I-Theremin

Ukwakhiwa kwezinsimbi ze-elekthronikhi kuqale ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, futhi lapha, ekujabuleleni imizwa yethu yokushisekela izwe, usosayensi waseRussia waphawula u-Lev Theremin - kwakuyingqondo nezandla zakhe ezakha enye yezinsimbi zokuqala ezigcwele ngokugcwele. imithetho ye-physics namandla kagesi, eyaziwa ngokuthi khona. Bekuyidizayini elula neselula, engenama-analogue kuze kube manje - lena ukuphela kwensimbi edlalwa ngaphandle kokuyithinta.

Umculi, ehambisa izandla zakhe esikhaleni phakathi kwezimpondo zensimbi, ushintsha amagagasi adlidlizayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela aguqule amanothi akhishwa i-remin. Ithuluzi libhekwa njengelinye elinzima kakhulu ukulazi kahle elake ladalwa isintu - ukulawula kwalo akubonakali futhi kudinga idatha yokuzwa evelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsindo okhiqizwa yi-theremin, ake sithi, ucacile, kodwa kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi isaziswa ngabaculi futhi isetshenziselwa ukuqopha.

I-Tellarmonium

Enye yezinsimbi zokuqala ze-elekthronikhi, kulokhu isivele iyikhibhodi, ibizwe I-Tellarmonium futhi yasungulwa uThaddeus Cahill wase-Iowa. Futhi leli thuluzi, injongo yalo kwakuwukuthatha isikhundla se-organ yesonto, laba likhulu ngempela: linesisindo esingamathani angu-200, lalihlanganisa amajeneretha amakhulu kagesi angu-145, futhi kwadingeka izimoto zikaloliwe ezingu-30 ukuyiyisa eNew York. Kodwa lona kanye iqiniso lokudalwa kwalo libonise lapho umculo kufanele uhambe khona, libonise ukuthi intuthuko yobuchwepheshe ingasiza kangakanani ekuthuthukiseni ubuciko. Bathi uCahill ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe, bambiza ngongqondongqondo ongaqanjwanga. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwazo zonke izintelezi zensimbi, yayisenayo indawo yokuthuthuka: Sengike ngasho ubukhulu bayo, kodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, yabangela ukuphazamiseka emigqeni yocingo, futhi ikhwalithi yayo yomsindo yayimaphakathi kakhulu ngisho namazinga okuqala. ikhulu lesi-XNUMX.

Isitho siseHammond

Yiqiniso, izinto eziningi ezinjalo eziqanjiwe zaholela ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwazo. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ekuthuthukisweni kwezinsimbi zikagesi kwakuyilokho okubizwa i-organ e-Hammond, umdali wayo okwakungumMelika uLaurence Hammond. Indalo yakhe yayincane kakhulu kunomfowabo omdala uTellarmonium, kodwa isekude ne-miniature (insimbi yayinesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-200).

Isici esiyinhloko sesitho se-Hammond sasiwukuthi sinezinsimbi ezikhethekile ezikuvumela ukuba uhlanganise ngokuzimela amafomu esignali futhi ekugcineni ukhiqize imisindo yakho eshuniwe, ehlukile esithweni esivamile.

Insimbi izuze ukuqashelwa - evame ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni se-organ yangempela emasontweni aseMelika, futhi iye yaziswa nabaculi abaningi be-jazz ne-rock (The Beatles, Deep Purple, Yebo nabanye abaningi). Ngokuthakazelisayo, lapho uHammond ecelwa ukuba angalibizi insimbi yakhe ngokuthi i-ogani, isicelo sagcina senqatshiwe, njengoba ikhomishana yayingakwazi ukuhlukanisa umsindo wesitho sikagesi nensimbi yomoya yangempela.

Ikhonsathi yemisindo

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, okwathi, yiqiniso, yamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsimbi zomculo, okuwukuphela kwesenzakalo esibalulekile esiphathelene nesihloko sethu kwaba. “Ikhonsathi Yemisindo”ilethwe yi-French Pierre Henri и Pierre Schaeffer - Lesi yisenzakalo sokuhlola, lapho ama-generator amasha engezwa khona ku-organ ye-Hammond, ngosizo lapho athola khona amabhulokhi amasha we-timbre futhi washintsha kakhulu umsindo wakhe. Nakuba ngenxa yobuningi bamajeneretha, zonke izenzo zingenzeka kuphela ezindaweni zokucwaninga, naphezu kwalokhu, ikhonsathi ingabhekwa njengokuzalwa kohlobo lomculo we-avant-garde, owaqala ukuthandwa kancane kancane.

Mark

I-RCA (Radio Corporation of America) yenza umzamo wokuqala wokwenza ama-synthesizers angaba yisinyathelo esiya phambili esithweni se-Hammond, kodwa amamodeli adalwe yinhlangano. Mark I и Mark II ayizange iphumelele impumelelo ngenxa yokugula kwawo wonke amadivaysi e-elekthronikhi angaleso sikhathi - ubukhulu (i-synthesizer yayithatha igumbi lonke!) Futhi amanani ezinkanyezi, noma kunjalo, aba yingqopha-mlando entsha ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa komsindo.

i-minimoog

Kubukeka sengathi intuthuko isihamba phambili, kodwa onjiniyela basahlulekile ukwenza ithuluzi libe lula futhi lithengeke baze bafike emsebenzini uJohn Moog, umnikazi wenkampani ekhiqiza i-remins osuvele wazi, okwathi ekugcineni, waletha i-synthesizer eseduze nabantu abafayo nje.

I-Mug ikwazile ukuqeda konke ukushiyeka kwama-prototypes ngokudala i-minimoog – ithuluzi eliyisakhiwo sodumo ngempela elenza laduma uhlobo lomculo we-elekthronikhi. Yayihlangene, ibiza, nakuba ibiza - $ 1500, kodwa lena i-synthesizer yokuqala enama-zero amabili ekupheleni kwentengo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Minimoog yayinomsindo owaziswa abaculi kuze kube yilolu suku - ikhanya futhi iminyene, futhi, yini ehlekisa kakhulu, le nzuzo iwumphumela we-drawback: i-synthesizer ayikwazanga ukugcina uhlelo isikhathi eside. kumaphutha athile obuchwepheshe. Eminye imikhawulo yayiwukuthi ithuluzi laliyi-monophonic, okungukuthi, lalikwazi ukubona inothi elilodwa licindezelwe kukhibhodi (okungukuthi, kwakungekho ithuba lokudlala ama-chords), futhi lalingezwani namandla okucindezela ukhiye.

Kodwa konke lokhu ngaleso sikhathi kwanxeshezelwa izinga eliphezulu lomsindo, osacashunwa abaculi be-electronic (abanye, qiniseka, balungele ukuthengisa imiphefumulo yabo nge-Minimoog efanayo yasekuqaleni), kanye namathuba abanzi ngempela okushintshashintsha kwezwi. Le phrojekthi yaba yimpumelelo kangangokuthi isikhathi eside i-moog kwakuyigama lasekhaya: ukusho igama elithi moog lisho noma iyiphi i-synthesizer, hhayi nje le nkampani ethile.

I-1960-e

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, izinkampani eziningi ziye zavela, ngayinye eyaqopha indawo yayo ekudaleni ama-synthesizer: Okulinganiselwe Imijikelezo, E-mu, Roland, Arp, Korg, Oberheim, futhi lolu akulona uhlu lonke. Ama-analogue synthesizer awazange ashintshe kakhulu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, asaziswa futhi abiza kakhulu - amamodeli ayewuhlobo lwakudala lwama-synthesizers esiwajwayele.

Ngendlela, abakhiqizi baseSoviet nabo abazange basale ngemuva: e-USSR, cishe zonke izimpahla zazikhiqizwa ekhaya kuphela, futhi izinsimbi nazo zazihlukile (nakuba othile ekwazile ukuthutha iziginci zakwamanye amazwe ngamakhophi angawodwa, kwakusemthethweni futhi ukuthenga izinsimbi ezivela kwamanye amazwe. amazwe ahlangene ne-Warsaw Pact - Czechoslovak Muzima noma i-Bulgarian Orpheus, kodwa lokhu kusebenza kuphela kuma-guitar kagesi ne-bass). Ama-synthesizer aseSoviet athakazelisa kakhulu ngokomsindo, i-USSR yaze yaba ne-maestro yayo yomculo we-elekthronikhi, njengesibonelo, u-Eduard Artemiev. Uchungechunge edume kakhulu kwaba Aelita, Youth,  lol, Electronics EM.

Kodwa-ke, umhlaba, ngaphezu kwenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe, nawo uqhutshwa imfashini, futhi mayelana nobuciko, ikakhulukazi incike ekushintsheni kwayo. Futhi, ngeshwa noma ngenhlanhla, kodwa isikhathi esithile isithakazelo kumculo we-elekthronikhi saphela, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli amasha wama-synthesizer akuzange kube umsebenzi onenzuzo kakhulu.

Igagasi Elisha (Igagasi elisha)

Kodwa, njengoba sikhumbula, imfashini inesici esiyingqayizivele sokushintshana - ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-80s, i-electronic boom ngokuzumayo yafika futhi. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-electronics yayingaseyona into yokuhlola (njengephrojekthi entsha yaseJalimane ye-Kraftwerk yama-1970), kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, yaba yinto ethandwayo, ebizwa ngokuthi. Igagasi elisha (Igagasi elisha).

Kwakukhona amaqembu adumile emhlabeni wonke njengoDuran Duran, Depeche Mode, Pet Shop Boys, A-ha, omculo wabo wawusekelwe kuma-synthesizer, lolu hlobo lwaze lwathuthukiswa futhi, kanye nalo, igama elithi synth-pop.

Abaculi bamaqembu anjalo ekuqaleni basebenzisa ama-synthesizer kuphela, ngezinye izikhathi bawahlanza ngomsindo wesiginci. Ukwakhiwa kwama-keyboardists amathathu (futhi babenama-synthesizer angaphezu kweyodwa), umshini wezigubhu kanye nomculi wezwi sekuyinto evamile, nakuba uma umdali we-Tellarmonium engezwa ngakho, ukumangala kwakhe bekungeke kube nemingcele. Kwakuwusuku oludumile lomculo womdanso, inkathi ye-techno nendlu, ukuzalwa kwe-subculture entsha ngokuphelele.

I-MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)

Konke lokhu kunikeze umfutho omusha wokukhulisa ubuchwepheshe obuvele bunobhuqu. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe be-analog busezithendeni zenkathi yedijithali, okungukuthi ukuvela kwefomethi. I-MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface). Lokhu kwalandelwa ukuvela kwamasampula, ongaqopha ngawo ngokuzimela imisindo oyifunayo, bese uyidlala uphinde usebenzise. Amakhibhodi e-MIDI. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana kwe-MIDI kuthuthuke kakhulu kangangokuthi esikhathini sethu, empeleni, kwanele kakade ukuba nekhibhodi kuphela, okuthi, uma iqhathaniswa namamodeli we-analog, ingabizi lutho. Ingaxhunywa kukhompyutha (kodwa ikhompuyutha kufanele ibe namandla ngokwanele) futhi, ngemva kokukhohlisa okuthile okulula, dlala umculo usebenzisa okukhethekile. VST-izinhlelo (I-Virtual Studio Technology).

Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi amamodeli amadala azonyamalala, ngoba upiyano aluzange lube nesiphetho esifanayo, akunjalo? Abaculi abangochwepheshe be-elekthronikhi bayayithakasela kakhulu i-analogue futhi bakholelwa ukuthi umsindo wedijithali usekude kakhulu nawo ngekhwalithi, futhi labo abasebenzisa i-VST babukwa ngokudelelwa kancane ...

Kodwa-ke, uma uqhathanisa ukuthi kungakanani ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali okuye kwaqhubeka nokuthi ikhwalithi yomsindo ikhule kangakanani, ngakho-ke, cishe, izinsimbi ze-analog zizosetshenziswa izikhathi eziningi kancane, ngisho namanje ungabona abashayeli bekhibhodi bedlala nama-laptops eduze kwabo. emakhonsathini - inqubekelaphambili, njengoba siyibona, ayisoze yanyakaza.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nenhlobonhlobo yomsindo, amanani entengo ayeyisayensi yezinkanyezi manje asethengeka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ama-synthesizer ashibhe kakhulu akhiqiza kabusha azwakala kabi kune-Walpurgis Night futhi angaphenduli kumandla okucindezela ukhiye azobiza cishe u-$50. Ama-elite synthesizer a la Moog Voyager Xl angabiza kusuka ku-$ 5000, futhi empeleni izindleko zawo zingakhula unomphela uma wena, isibonelo, uJean-Michel Jarre futhi wenza ithuluzi uku-oda. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngihamba phambili kancane, kodwa ngithanda ukukuncoma kusengaphambili, uma ufuna ukuthenga i-synthesizer, ungalondolozi imali: ngokuvamile ithuluzi elivela esigabeni esingaphansi kwe-$ 350 ngeke likujabulise nge umsindo omuhle, cishe uzoqeda noma yisiphi isifiso sokufunda nokudlala kuwo.

Ngethemba ukuthi ukujabulele. Khumbula ukuthi ngaphandle kokwazi umlando, akunakwenzeka ukudala ikusasa!

Uma ungakafundi indatshana yokuthi ungakhetha kanjani upiyano lwe-elekthronikhi olufanele, ungakwenza manje ngokuchofoza isixhumanisi.

Ividiyo engezansi ibonisa ukuboniswa kwe-Mini Virtual Studio: