Indlela yokubona ukuvumelana komculo

Uma sikhuluma ngomculo, sinomsizi omuhle kakhulu - udondolo.

Uma ubuka lesi sithombe, ngisho nomuntu ongakwazi ukufunda nomculo angakwazi ukubona kalula ukuthi ingoma ikhuphuka nini, yehla nini, ukuthi lo mnyakazo ushelela nini, nalapho ugxuma. Sibona ngokoqobo ukuthi yimaphi amanothi asondelene ngokuculayo futhi yimaphi akude.

Kodwa emkhakheni wokuvumelana, konke kubonakala kuhluke ngokuphelele: amanothi aseduze, isibonelo, kuya и ре izwakala ingahambisani kahle, futhi ikude kakhulu, isibonelo, kuya и E - okumnandi kakhulu. Phakathi kongwaqa wesine nowesihlanu ngokuphelele kukhona ithoni engavumelani ngokuphelele. I-logic yokuvumelana iphenduka ngandlela-thile "ayinamugqa".

Kungenzeka yini ukuthatha isithombe esinjalo esibukwayo, sibheke lapho, singakwazi ukunquma kalula ukuthi "i-harmonically" amanothi amabili asondelene kanjani?

 "Valences" umsindo

Ake sikhumbule futhi ukuthi umsindo uhlelwa kanjani (Fig. 1).

Umugqa ngamunye ome mpo kugrafu umelela ukuvumelana komsindo. Wonke angamaphindwaphindwa ethoni eyisisekelo, okungukuthi, amafrikhwensi awo ngu-2, 3, 4 … (njalo njalo) izikhathi ezinkulu kunemvamisa yethoni eyisisekelo. I-harmonic ngayinye ibizwa ngokuthi umsindo we-monochrome, okungukuthi, umsindo lapho kukhona imvamisa eyodwa yokuzulazula.

Uma sidlala inothi elilodwa, empeleni sikhiqiza inombolo enkulu yemisindo ye-monochrome. Isibonelo, uma kudlalwa inothi nge-octave encane, imvamisa yayo eyisisekelo ingu-220 Hz, ngesikhathi esifanayo imisindo ye-monochromatic kumafrikhwensi angu-440 Hz, 660 Hz, 880 Hz njalo njalo (imisindo engaba ngu-90 ngaphakathi kwebanga lokuzwa komuntu).

Ukwazi isakhiwo esinjalo se-harmonics, ake sizame ukuthola indlela yokuxhuma imisindo emibili ngendlela elula.

Indlela yokuqala, elula, iwukuthatha imisindo emibili amafrikhwensi ayo ahluke izikhathi ezi-2 ncamashi. Ake sibone ukuthi kubukeka kanjani ngokwemigomo ye-harmonics, ukubeka imisindo eyodwa ngaphansi komunye (Fig. 2).

Siyabona ukuthi kule nhlanganisela, imisindo empeleni inokufana kwe-harmonic yesibili (i-harmonics ehambisanayo ikhonjiswe ngokubomvu). Imisindo yomibili inokuningi okufanayo - 50%. Bayoba "evumelanayo" eduze kakhulu komunye nomunye.

Inhlanganisela yemisindo emibili, njengoba wazi, ibizwa ngokuthi isikhawu. Isikhawu esikhonjiswe kuMdwebo 2 sibizwa octave.

Kuhle ukusho ngokwehlukana ukuthi isikhawu esinjalo "esihambisana" ne-octave asiyona ingozi. Eqinisweni, ngokomlando, inqubo, yebo, yayiphambene: ekuqaleni bezwa ukuthi imisindo emibili enjalo izwakala ngokushelelayo nangokuvumelana, yalungisa indlela yokwakha isikhawu esinjalo, bese ibiza ngokuthi "i-octave". Indlela yokwakha iyinhloko, futhi igama lingelesibili.

Indlela elandelayo yokuxhumana ukuthatha imisindo emibili, ama-frequencies ahluke izikhathi ezi-3 (Fig. 3).

Siyabona ukuthi lapha imisindo emibili inokuningi okufanayo - yonke i-harmonic yesithathu. Le misindo emibili nayo izoba eduze kakhulu, futhi isikhawu, ngokufanele, sizoba ngongwaqa. Usebenzisa ifomula evela kunothi langaphambilini, ungakwazi ngisho nokubala ukuthi isilinganiso semvamisa yongwaqa wesikhathi esinjalo singama-33,3%.

Lesi sikhawu sibizwa i-duodecima noma okwesihlanu nge-octave.

Futhi ekugcineni, indlela yesithathu yokuxhumana, esetshenziswa emculweni wanamuhla, ukuthatha imisindo emibili ngokuhlukana kwengxoxo izikhathi ezingu-5 (Fig. 4).

Isikhathi esinjalo asinalo ngisho negama laso, singabizwa kuphela ngeyesithathu ngemva kwama-octave amabili, noma kunjalo, njengoba sibona, le nhlanganisela nayo inesilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu songwaqa - yonke i-harmonic yesihlanu iyahambisana.

Ngakho-ke, sinokuxhumana okuthathu okulula phakathi kwamanothi - i-octave, i-duodecim neyesithathu ngokusebenzisa ama-octave amabili. Lezi zikhathi sizozibiza ngokuthi ziyisisekelo. Ake sizwe ukuthi zizwakala kanjani.

Umsindo 1. Octave

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Umsindo 2. I-Duodecima

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Umsindo 3. Okwesithathu nge-octave

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Ongwaqa impela. Esikhawuni ngasinye, umsindo ophezulu empeleni uqukethe ukuhambisana kwephansi futhi awengezi noma yimuphi umsindo omusha we-monochrome emsindweni wawo. Ukuze siqhathanise, ake silalele ukuthi inothi elilodwa lizwakala kanjani kuya kanye namanothi amane: kuya, umsindo we-octave, umsindo we-duodecimal, nomsindo ophakeme ngengxenye yesithathu njalo ngama-octave amabili.

Umsindo 4. Umsindo ku

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Umsindo 5. Ingoma: CCSE

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Njengoba sizwa, umehluko mncane, ama-harmonic ambalwa nje omsindo wokuqala "akhulisiwe".

Kodwa emuva kwezikhawu eziyisisekelo.

Isikhala sokuphindaphindeka

Uma sikhetha inothi elithile (isibonelo, kuya), khona-ke amanothi atholakala isinyathelo esisodwa esiyisisekelo ukusuka kuyo kuzoba "i-harmonically" eseduze kakhulu nayo. Okuseduze kuyoba i-octave, kancane kancane i-duodecimal, futhi ngemuva kwabo - okwesithathu ngokusebenzisa ama-octave amabili.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi ngasinye esiyisisekelo, singathatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa. Isibonelo, singakha umsindo we-octave, bese sithatha esinye isinyathelo se-octave kuwo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imvamisa yomsindo wokuqala kufanele iphindwe ngo-2 (sithola umsindo we-octave), bese iphindwe ngo-2 futhi (sithola i-octave kusuka ku-octave). Umphumela uba umsindo ophindwe izikhathi ezi-4 kunowokuqala. Emfanekisweni, kuzobukeka kanje (Fig. 5).

Kuyabonakala ukuthi ngesinyathelo ngasinye esilandelayo, imisindo ifana kancane kancane. Siya ngokuya siqhela kungwaqa.

Kodwa-ke, lapha sizohlaziya ukuthi kungani sithathe ukuphindaphinda ngo-2, 3 kanye no-5 njengezikhawu eziyisisekelo, futhi seqa ukuphindaphinda ngo-4. Ukuphindaphinda ngo-4 akusona isikhawu esiyisisekelo, ngoba singakuthola sisebenzisa izikhawu ezikhona kakade. Kulokhu, ukuphindaphinda ngo-4 kuyizinyathelo ezimbili ze-octave.

Isimo sihlukile ngezikhawu eziyisisekelo: akunakwenzeka ukuzithola kwezinye izikhawu eziyisisekelo. Akunakwenzeka, ngokuphindaphinda u-2 no-3, ukuthola inombolo engu-5 ngokwayo, nanoma yimaphi amandla ayo. Ngomqondo othile, izikhawu eziyisisekelo “ziyi-perpendicular” komunye nomunye.

Ake sizame ukukuthatha ngeso lengqondo.

Ake sidwebe izimbazo ezintathu ze-perpendicular (Fig. 6). Kuzo ngayinye yazo, sizohlela inombolo yezinyathelo zesikhawu ngasinye esiyisisekelo: ku-eksisi eqondiswe kithi, inani lezinyathelo ze-octave, ku-eksisi evundlile, izinyathelo ze-duodecimal, naku-eksisi eqondile, izinyathelo eziphakeme.

Ishadi elinjalo lizobizwa isikhala sokuphindaphindeka.

Ukucabangela indawo enezinhlangothi ezintathu endizeni akunzima, kodwa sizozama.

Ku-eksisi, eqondiswe kithi, sibeka eceleni ama-octaves. Njengoba wonke amanothi ahlukaniswe nge-octave aqanjwe ngokufanayo, le eksisi izoba engasithakaseli kakhulu. Kodwa indiza, eyakhiwe yi-duodecimal (yesihlanu) kanye nezimbazo ze-tertian, sizobhekisisa (Fig. 7).

Lapha amanothi aboniswa ngama-sharps, uma kunesidingo, angaqokwa njenge-enharmonic (okungukuthi, alinganayo ngomsindo) namafulethi.

Ake siphinde futhi ukuthi le ndiza yakhiwe kanjani.

Ngemva kokukhetha noma iyiphi inothi, isinyathelo esisodwa kwesokudla sayo, sibeka inothi eliyi-duodecime eyodwa phezulu, kwesokunxele - i-duodecim eyodwa ngaphansi. Ukuthatha izinyathelo ezimbili ukuya kwesokudla, sithola i-duodecyma kusuka ku-duodecyma. Isibonelo, ukuthatha izinyathelo ezimbili ze-duodecimal kusuka kunothi kuya, sithola inothi ре.

Isinyathelo esisodwa esihambisana ne-eksisi eqondile siyingxenye yesithathu ukuya kuma-octave amabili. Uma sithatha izinyathelo eziya phezulu nge-eksisi, lokhu okwesithathu ukuya kuma-octave amabili phezulu, uma sithatha izinyathelo eziya phansi, lesi sikhawu sibekwe phansi.

Ungakwazi ukusuka kunoma iyiphi inothi futhi kunoma iyiphi indlela.

Ake sibone ukuthi lolu hlelo lusebenza kanjani.

Sikhetha inothi. Ukwenza izinyathelo kusukela amanothi, sithola inothi elihambisana kancane nelokuqala. Ngakho-ke, lapho amanothi eqhelana kakhulu kulesi sikhala, kwakheka isikhawu songwaqa. Amanothi aseduze kakhulu omakhelwane eduze kwe-octave axis (okungathi, iqondiswe kithi), kancane kancane - omakhelwane eduze kwe-duodecimal, ngisho nangaphezulu - eduze kwe-terts.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze uthole kusukela inothi kuya kuze kube inothi eyakho, sidinga ukuthatha isinyathelo esisodwa se-duodecimal (sithola usawoti), bese kuba eyodwa ibeka, ngokulandelana, isikhawu esiwumphumela yenza-si izoba ngaphansi kongwaqa kune-duodecime noma yesithathu.

Uma "amabanga" ku-PC alingana, khona-ke ongwaqa bezikhathi ezihambisanayo bazolingana. Okuwukuphela kwento okungafanele siyikhohlwe mayelana ne-octave axis, ekhona ngokungabonakali kuzo zonke izakhiwo.

Yilo mdwebo obonisa ukuthi amanothi asondelene kangakanani komunye nomunye "ngokuvumelana". Kulolu hlelo kunengqondo ukucabangela zonke izakhiwo ze-harmonic.

Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu kokuthi “Building Musical Systems”Hhayi-ke, sizokhuluma ngalokho ngokuzayo.

Umbhali - Roman Oleinikov