Iyini i-tonality?

Ake sithole namuhla ukuthi iyini i-tonality. Kubafundi abangenasineke ngithi ngokushesha: ukhiye - lesi yisabelo sesikhundla sesikali somculo kumathoni omculo wephimbo elithile, okubophezela esigabeni esithile sesikali somculo. Khona-ke ungavilaphi kakhulu ukukucacisa kahle.

Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi “” ngaphambilini, akunjalo? Kwesinye isikhathi abaculi bakhononda ngokuphazamiseka kwephimbo, bacele ukukhuphula noma ukwehlisa izinga lengoma. Hhayi-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhona owake wezwa leli gama kubashayeli bezimoto abasebenzisa i-tonality ukuchaza umsindo wenjini egijimayo. Ake sithi siphakamisa isivinini, futhi ngokushesha sizwa ukuthi umsindo wenjini uya uhlaba kakhulu - ushintsha ithoni. Ekugcineni, ngizosho okuthile ngamunye wenu ahlangabezane nakho ngempela - ingxoxo ngezwi eliphakanyisiwe (umuntu wavele waqala ukuklabalasa, washintsha "iphimbo" yenkulumo yakhe, futhi wonke umuntu wazizwa ngokushesha umphumela).

Manje ake sibuyele encazelweni yethu. Ngakho, sibiza tonality isikali somculo. Yiziphi ama-frets kanye nesakhiwo sazo sichazwe ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni esithi "Kuyini ukukhathazeka". Ake ngikukhumbuze ukuthi izindlela ezivame kakhulu emculweni ezinkulu nezincane; aqukethe amadigri ayisikhombisa, okuyinhloko awokuqala (okuthiwa tonic).

I-Tonic nemodi - izilinganiso ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-tonality

Unombono wokuthi iyini i-tonality, manje ake siqhubekele ezingxenyeni ze-tonality. Kunoma imuphi ukhiye, izakhiwo ezimbili zinquma - i-tonic yayo nemodi yayo. Ngincoma ukuthi ukhumbule iphuzu elilandelayo: ukhiye ulingana nemodi ye-tonic plus.

Lo mthetho ungahlotshaniswa, isibonelo, negama lamathoni, avela kuleli fomu: . Okusho ukuthi, igama le-tonality libonisa ukuthi omunye wemisindo uye waba yisikhungo, i-tonic (isinyathelo sokuqala) senye yezindlela (ezinkulu noma ezincane).

Izimpawu ezingukhiye kokhiye

Ukukhethwa kokhiye owodwa noma omunye wokurekhoda ucezu lomculo kunquma ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezizoboniswa kukhiye. Ukubonakala kwezimpawu eziyinhloko - ama-sharps nama-flats - kubangelwa ukuthi, ngokusekelwe ku-tonic enikeziwe, isikali sikhula, esilawula ibanga phakathi kwamadigri (ibanga lama-semitones namathoni) futhi okubangela ukuthi amanye amadigri ehle, kanti amanye. , ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwanda.

Ukuze uqhathanise, ngikunikeza okhiye abangu-7 abakhulu nabangu-7 abancane, izinyathelo eziyinhloko ezithathwa njenge-tonic (kokhiye abamhlophe). Qhathanisa, isibonelo, iphimbo, bangaki abalingiswa abakuyo nokuthi abaphi abalingiswa ababalulekile, njll.

Ngakho-ke, uyabona ukuthi izimpawu eziyisihluthulelo ku-B zibukhali ezintathu (F, C kanye no-G), kodwa azikho izimpawu ku-B; – isihluthulelo esinobukhali obune (F, C, G no-D), kanye nesihluthulelo esisodwa kuphela esicijile. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emazingeni amancane, uma kuqhathaniswa namadigri amakhulu, aphansi, wesithathu, wesithupha nowesikhombisa uhlobo lwezinkomba zemodi.

Ukuze ukhumbule ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu eziyisihluthulelo ezikukhiye futhi ungalokothi udideke yizo, udinga ukwazi izimiso ezimbalwa ezilula. Funda kabanzi mayelana nalokhu esihlokweni esithi "Indlela Yokukhumbula Izimpawu Eziyinhloko." Yifunde futhi ufunde, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi amagama acijile namaflethi kukhiye akubhalwa ngokunganaki, kodwa ngohlelo oluthile, olukhumbuleka kalula, futhi nokuthi lona kanye lolu oda lukusiza ukuthi uzulazule ngokushesha ezinhlobonhlobo zamathoni...

Okhiye abahambisanayo nabangaziwa

Isikhathi sokuthola ukuthi yiziphi amathoni ahambisanayo nokuthi ziyini izikhiye ezifanayo. Sesivele sihlangabezane nezikhiye zegama elifanayo, ngenkathi siqhathanisa okhiye abakhulu nabancane.

Okhiye begama elifanayo - lawa amathoni lapho i-tonic ifana, kodwa imodi ihlukile. Ngokwesibonelo,

Okhiye abahambisanayo - lawa amathoni lapho izimpawu eziyinhloko ezifanayo, kodwa ama-tonic ahlukene. Siphinde sabona lezi: isibonelo, i-tonality engenazimpawu futhi, noma, nelilodwa elibukhali futhi elibukhali, kwelinye ifulethi (B) futhi nakuphawu olulodwa - B-flat.

Okhiye abafanayo nabahambisanayo bahlala bekhona kumabhangqa “amakhulu-amancane”. Kunoma ibaphi okhiye, ungaqamba igama elifanayo kanye nokuhambisana okukhulu noma okuncane. Konke kucacile ngamagama egama elifanayo, kodwa manje sizobhekana nalawo afanayo.

Indlela yokuthola ukhiye parallel?

I-tonic ye-parallel minor itholakala ku-degree yesithupha yesilinganiso esikhulu, futhi i-tonic yesilinganiso esikhulu segama elifanayo isezingeni lesithathu lesikali esincane. Isibonelo, sifuna ithoni ehambisanayo yokuthi: isinyathelo sesithupha ku-inothi , okusho ithonilithi ehambisanayo Esinye isibonelo: sifuna i-parallel - sibala izinyathelo ezintathu futhi sithole ukuhambisana.

Kukhona enye indlela yokuthola ukhiye parallel. Umthetho uyasebenza: i-tonic yokhiye ohambisanayo iyingxenye yesithathu encane eya phansi (uma sifuna okuncane okuhambisanayo), noma okwesithathu okuncane phezulu (uma sifuna okukhulu okuhambisanayo). Ithini eyesithathu, indlela yokuyakha, nayo yonke eminye imibuzo ehlobene nezikhawu kuxoxwa ngayo esihlokweni esithi “Izikhawu Zomculo.”

Ngamafuphi

I-athikili yahlola imibuzo: yini i-tonality, yini i-parallel ne-eponymous tonalities, iyiphi indima edlalwa i-tonic nemodi, nokuthi izimpawu eziyinhloko zivela kanjani kumathoni.

Sengiphetha, elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo. Kukhona into eyodwa yomculo-ngokwengqondo - okuthiwa ukuzwa kombala. Kuyini ukuzwa kombala? Lolu uhlobo lwephimbo eliphelele lapho umuntu ehlobanisa ukhiye ngamunye nombala. Abaqambi be-NA bebezwa ngemibala. U-Rimsky-Korsakov no-AN Scriabin. Mhlawumbe nawe uzolithola kuwe leli khono elimangalisayo.

Ngikufisela impumelelo emfundweni yakho yomculo. Shiya imibuzo yakho kumazwana. Manje ngiphakamisa ukuthi uphumule kancane futhi ubuke ividiyo evela efilimini ethi “Rewriting Beethoven” nomculo ogqamile we-symphony yesi-9 yomqambi, ithoni yayo, ngendlela, osuvele uyijwayele.

"Ukubhala kabusha u-Beethoven" - i-Symphony No. 9 (umculo omangalisayo)