Nadezhda Andreevna Obukhova |

Nadezhda Obukhova

Wawina uMklomelo kaStalin (1943), Umculi Wabantu we-USSR (1937).

Iminyaka eminingi, umculi u-EK wenza no-Obukhova. Katulskaya. Nakhu akushoyo: "Umdlalo ngamunye ngokubamba iqhaza kukaNadezhda Andreevna wawubonakala unesizotha futhi unemikhosi futhi ubangela injabulo evamile. Enezwi elimnandi, eliyingqayizivele ebuhleni balo be-timbre, ukuvezwa kobuciko okucashile, indlela ephelele yezwi nobuciko, uNadezhda Andreevna udale igalari yonke yezithombe zasesiteji zeqiniso lempilo ejulile nokuphelela okuvumelanayo.

Njengoba enekhono elimangalisayo lokuguqulwa kwezobuciko, uNadezhda Andreevna wakwazi ukuthola umbala odingekayo wephimbo, ama-nuances acashile ukuze abonise umlingisi wesithombe sasesiteji, ukuveza imizwa ehlukahlukene yabantu. Imvelo yokusebenza ibilokhu ihlanganiswa nobuhle bomsindo nokugqama kwegama.

U-Nadezhda Andreevna Obukhova wazalwa ngo-March 6, 1886 eMoscow, emndenini omdala ohloniphekile. Umama wakhe usheshe washona ngenxa yokudliwa. Ubaba, u-Andrei Trofimovich, indoda yezempi evelele, ematasa nezindaba ezisemthethweni, waphathisa umkhulu wakhe ongumama ukukhulisa izingane. U-Adrian Semenovich Mazaraki wakhulisa abazukulu bakhe - uNadia, udadewabo u-Anna nomfowabo u-Yuri - endaweni yakubo, esifundazweni saseTambov.

"Umkhulu wayengumdlali wepiyano omuhle kakhulu, futhi ngilalele uChopin noBeethoven ekusebenzeni kwakhe amahora," kusho uNadezhda Andreevna kamuva. Kwaba umkhulu owethula intombazane ngokudlala upiyano nokucula. Amakilasi aphumelele: eneminyaka engu-12, uNadya omncane wadlala ama-nocturnes ka-Chopin kanye nama-symphonies ka-Haydn no-Mozart ezandleni ezine nomkhulu wakhe, onesineke, oqinile futhi onzima.

Ngemva kokulahlekelwa umkakhe nendodakazi, u-Adrian Semenovich wayesaba kakhulu ukuthi abazukulu bakhe ngeke bagule ngesifo sofuba, ngakho-ke ngo-1899 waletha abazukulu bakhe e-Nice.

“Ngaphezu kwezifundo zethu noProfesa Ozerov,” kukhumbula lo mculi, “saqala ukwenza izifundo zezincwadi nomlando wesiFulentshi. Lezi kwakuyizifundo zikaMadam Vivodi zangasese. Sadlula emlandweni we-French Revolution ngokuningiliziwe. Lesi sihloko safundiswa nguVivodi ngokwakhe, owesifazane ohlakaniphe kakhulu owayengowe-intelligentsia ethuthukile, eqhubekayo yaseFrance. Umkhulu waqhubeka esidlalela umculo.

Safika e-Nice ubusika obuyisikhombisa (kusukela ngo-1899 kuya ku-1906) futhi ngonyaka wesithathu kuphela, ngo-1901, lapho saqala khona ukuthatha izifundo zokucula ku-Eleanor Linman.

Bengikuthanda ukucula kusukela ebuntwaneni. Futhi iphupho lami engilithandayo bekulokhu kuwukufunda ukucula. Ngamxoxela umkhulu imicabango yami, wasabela kahle kakhulu kulokhu futhi wathi yena ngokwakhe wayesekucabangile ngakho. Waqala ukubuza mayelana noprofesa bokucula, futhi watshelwa ukuthi uMadame Lipman, umfundi odumile uPauline Viardot, wayebhekwa njengothisha ongcono kakhulu eNice. Mina nomkhulu wami saya kuye, wayehlala eBoulevard Garnier, endlini yakhe encane. UNkk Lipman wasibingelela ngomusa, futhi lapho umkhulu emtshela ngenjongo yokufika kwethu, waba nesithakazelo esikhulu futhi wajabula lapho ezwa ukuthi singamaRussia.

Ngemva kokuhlolwa, wathola ukuthi sinezwi elihle futhi wavuma ukusebenza nathi. Kodwa akazange asheshe akhombe i-mezzo-soprano yami futhi wathi ngesikhathi somsebenzi kuzocaca ukuthi izwi lami lizokhula ngakuphi - phansi noma phezulu.

Ngaphatheka kabi lapho uMadame Lipman ethola ukuthi ngine-soprano, futhi ngaba nomona ngodadewethu ngoba uMama Lipman wayembona njenge-mezzo-soprano. Bengilokhu ngiqinisekile ukuthi ngine-mezzo-soprano, umsindo ophansi ubuyinto ephilayo kimi.

Izifundo zikaMadame Lipman zazithakazelisa, futhi ngaya kuzo ngenjabulo. U-Madam Lipman ngokwakhe wahamba nathi futhi wasibonisa indlela yokucula. Ekupheleni kwesifundo, ubonise ubuciko bakhe, wacula izinhlobonhlobo zezingoma ze-opera; isibonelo, ingxenye ye-contralto ka-Fidesz evela ku-opera ka-Meyerbeer ethi The Prophet, i-aria ye-dramatic soprano u-Rachel ovela ku-opera ka-Halevy ethi Zhidovka, i-coloratura aria of Marguerite with Pearls evela ku-opera ka-Gounod ethi Faust. Salalela ngesithakazelo, simangala ngekhono lakhe, ikhono lakhe kanye nobubanzi bezwi lakhe, nakuba izwi ngokwalo lalinomsindo ongajabulisi, olukhuni futhi wawuvula umlomo wakhe kakhulu futhi mubi. Waziphelezela. Ngaleso sikhathi ngangingakaqondi kahle ezobuciko, kodwa ikhono lakhe langimangaza. Nokho, izifundo zami zazingahlelekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengoba ngangivame ukuba nomphimbo obuhlungu futhi ngingakwazi ukucula.

Ngemva kokufa kukayisemkhulu, uNadezhda Andreevna no-Anna Andreevna babuyela ezweni lakubo. Umalume kaNadezhda, uSergei Trofimovich Obukhov, wasebenza njengomphathi weshashalazi. Wadonsela ukunaka kwezimfanelo ezingavamile zezwi likaNadezhda Andreevna kanye nothando lwakhe lwaseshashalazini. Waba nesandla ekutheni ekuqaleni kuka-1907 Nadezhda wangeniswa eMoscow Conservatory.

“Ikilasi likaprofesa odumileyo u-Umberto Mazetti eMoscow Conservatory kwaba njengokungathi ikhaya lalo lesibili,” kubhala uGA Polyanovsky. - Ngenkuthalo, ekhohlwa ngokulala nokuphumula, uNadezhda Andreevna wafunda, ebamba, njengoba kwakubonakala kuye, elahlekile. Kodwa impilo iqhubekile nokuba buthaka, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungazelelwe. Umzimba wawudinga ukunakekelwa okucophelela kakhulu - izifo ezaphathwa ebuntwaneni ezithintekayo, futhi ufuzo lwazenza lwazizwa. Ngo-1908, ngemva nje konyaka kuqale izifundo eziphumelela kangaka, kwadingeka ngiphazamise ukufunda kwami ​​esikhungweni sokunakekela izingane isikhashana futhi ngibuyele e-Italy ngiyothola ukwelashwa. Wachitha u-1909 eSorrento, eNaples, eCapri.

... Ngokushesha nje lapho impilo kaNadezhda Andreevna iba namandla, waqala ukulungiselela uhambo lokubuya.

Kusukela ngo-1910 - futhi eMoscow, i-Conservatory, ikilasi lika-Umberto Mazetti. Usazimisele ngokuzibophezela, eqonda futhi ekhetha konke okubalulekile ohlelweni lwe-Mazetti. Uthisha omangalisayo wayengumeluleki okhaliphile, ozwelayo owasiza umfundi ukuba azizwe ngokwakhe, ahlanganise ukugeleza kwemvelo komsindo ezwini lakhe.

Eqhubeka nokufunda e-conservatory, u-Obukhova wahamba ngo-1912 ukuze azame eSt. Petersburg, eMariinsky Theatre. Lapha wahlabelela ngaphansi kwegama elithi Andreeva. Ngakusasa ekuseni, lo mculi osemusha wafunda ephephandabeni ukuthi kwakungabaculi abathathu kuphela abagqama ekuhlolweni kwe-Mariinsky Theatre: u-Okuneva, umdlali we-soprano ophawulekayo, omunye umuntu engingamkhumbuli, no-Andreeva, i-mezzo-soprano yaseMoscow.

Ukubuyela eMoscow, ngo-April 23, 1912, Obukhova waphumelela ukuhlolwa ekilasini lokucula.

U-Obukhova uyakhumbula:

“Ngaphumelela kahle kakhulu kulokhu kuhlolwa futhi ngabelwa ukuba ngicule ekhonsathini yomhlangano waminyaka yonke eGreat Hall of the Conservatory ngoMay 6, 1912. Ngacula ingoma kaChimene. Ihholo laligcwele, ngamukelwa ngemfudumalo futhi ngashayelwa ucingo izikhathi eziningi. Ekupheleni kwekhonsathi, abantu abaningi beza kimi, bangihalalisela ngempumelelo yami nangokuphothula esikoleni sokunakekela izingane, futhi bangifisela ukunqoba okukhulu endleleni yami yobuciko yesikhathi esizayo.

Ngosuku olulandelayo ngafunda isibuyekezo sika-Yu.S. Sakhnovsky, lapho kwathiwa: “Nkk. U-Obukhova (ikilasi likaSolwazi Mazetti) ushiye umbono omuhle ngokudlala kwe-aria kaChimene ephuma ku-“Cid” kaMassenet. Ekuculeni kwakhe, ngaphezu kwephimbo lakhe elihle kakhulu kanye nekhono elihle lokuliqonda kahle, umuntu wayengezwa ubuqotho nemfudumalo njengophawu olungangabazeki lwethalente lasesiteji.

Ngemva nje kokuphothula esikoleni, u-Obukhova washada noPavel Sergeevich Arkhipov, isisebenzi se-Bolshoi Theatre: wayephethe umnyango wokukhiqiza nokuhlela.

Kuze 1916, lapho umculi wangena Bolshoi Theatre, wanika amakhonsathi amaningi ezweni lonke. NgoFebhuwari, u-Obukhova waqala ukubonakala njengoPolina emdlalweni othi Queen of Spades e-Bolshoi Theatre.

“Uhlelo lokuqala! Iyiphi inkumbulo emphefumulweni womdwebi engaqhathaniswa nenkumbulo yalolu suku? Ngigcwele amathemba aqhakazile, ngangena esiteji seBolshoi Theatre, lapho umuntu engena emzini wakhe. Le midlalo yaseshashalazini yaba futhi yahlala iyikhaya lami kuyo yonke iminyaka yami engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu ngisebenza kuyo. Iningi lempilo yami selidlulile lapha, zonke izinjabulo zami zokudala kanye nenhlanhla kuxhumene nale thiyetha. Sekwanele ukusho ukuthi kuyo yonke le minyaka yomsebenzi wami wobuciko, angikaze ngidlale esiteji sanoma iyiphi enye ishashalazi.

Ephreli 12, 1916 uNadezhda Andreevna wethulwa emdlalweni othi "Sadko". Kakade kusukela ekusebenzeni kokuqala, umculi wakwazi ukudlulisa imfudumalo nobuntu besithombe - emva kwakho konke, lezi yizici ezihlukile zethalenta lakhe.

U-NN Ozerov, owadlala no-Obukhova kulo mdlalo, uyakhumbula: "U-NA Obukhova, owacula ngosuku lwengoma yokuqala eyayibalulekile kimi, udale isithombe esiphelele futhi esihle sowesifazane waseRussia othembekile, onothando, "Novgorod. Penelope” – ULyubava. Izwi elithambile, eliphawuleka ngobuhle be-timbre, inkululeko umculi ayilahla ngayo, amandla ahehayo emizwa ekuculeni ahlala ebonakala ngokudlalwa kuka-NA Obukhova”.

Ngakho waqala - ngokubambisana nabaculi abaningi abavelele, abaqhubi, abaqondisi besiteji saseRussia. Futhi-ke u-Obukhova ngokwakhe waba enye yalezi zikhanyiso. Wahlabelela amaqembu angaphezu kwamashumi amabili nanhlanu esiteji seBolshoi Theatre, futhi ngamunye wabo uyiparele lobuciko bezwi nesiteji saseRussia.

U-EK Katulskaya uyabhala:

"Okokuqala, ngikhumbula u-Obukhova - uLyubasha ("Umlobokazi we-Tsar") - onothando, onamawala futhi onqumayo. Ngazo zonke izindlela ulwela injabulo yakhe, ukwethembeka ebunganini, ngothando lwakhe, ngaphandle kwalokho angeke aphile. Ngemfudumalo ethinta inhliziyo nomuzwa ojulile, uNadezhda Andreevna wahlabelela ingoma ethi "Yihlomise ngokushesha, mama othandekayo ..."; le ngoma emnandi izwakale ngegagasi elikhulu, yaheha umlaleli ...

Idalwe ngu-Nadezhda Andreevna ku-opera "Khovanshchina", isithombe sikaMarta, intando engapheli kanye nomphefumulo ovuthayo, ungowokuphakama kokudala komculi. Ngokungaguquguquki kobuciko okuphikelelayo, ukuveza ngokucacile ukushiseka kwezenkolo okukhona ku-heroine yakhe, okuvumela intshiseko evuthayo nothando kuze kube seqophelweni lokuzidela ngeNkosana u-Andrei. Ingoma emnandi yesiRashiya enezinsimbi ethi “Ingane Yaphuma”, njengokubhula kukaMartha, ingenye yobuciko bokucula.

Ku-opera ethi Koschei the Immortal, uNadezhda Andreevna wadala isithombe esimangalisayo seKoshcheevna. Ukwenza samuntu kwangempela “kobuhle obubi” kwazwakala kulesi sithombe. Isihluku esibi nesingenasihe sizwakala ezwini lomculi, kanye nomuzwa ojulile wothando olujulile ngo-Ivan Korolevich nomhawu obuhlungu wenkosazana.

I-NA idale imibala egqamile ye-timbre namaphimbo acacile. Isithombe sika-Obukhov esikhazimulayo, esisankondlo seNtwasahlobo ku-opera yenganekwane ethi “The Snow Maiden”. Okubabazekayo nokungokomoya, ukukhanya kwelanga okukhazimulayo, ukufudumala nothando ngezwi lakhe elithandekayo nokukhuluma okuqotho, u-Vesna-Obukhova wanqoba izethameli nge-cantilena yakhe emangalisayo, le ngxenye egcwele kakhulu.

UMarina wakhe oqhoshayo, imbangi ka-Aida Amneris engenasihawu, uCarmen othanda inkululeko, uGanna noPolina wezinkondlo, uDelila olambele amandla, onesibindi futhi okhohlisayo - wonke la maqembu ahlukene ngesitayela kanye nomlingiswa, lapho uNadezhda Andreevna akwazi khona. dlulisa imizwa ecashile kakhulu, uhlanganise izithombe zomculo nezimangalisayo. Ngisho nasengxenyeni encane yeLyubava (Sadko), uNadezhda Andreevna udala isithombe esingenakulibaleka sonkondlo sowesifazane waseRussia - umfazi onothando nothembekile.

Konke ukwenza kwakhe kwafudunyezwa umuzwa ojulile womuntu kanye nomuzwa ocacile. Ukuphefumula okuculayo njengendlela yokubonisa ubuciko kugeleza ngendlela elinganayo, ebushelelezi futhi ezolile, kutholwa uhlobo okufanele umculi aludale ukuhlobisa umsindo. Izwi lalizwakala kuwo wonke amarejista ngokulinganayo, ngokucebile, ngokugqamile. Ipiyano ebabazekayo, eqinile ngaphandle kokungezwani, "velvet" amanothi akhe ayingqayizivele, "Obukhov's" timbre, ukugqama kwegama - yonke into ihloselwe ukuveza umbono womsebenzi, izici zomculo nezengqondo.

U-Nadezhda Andreevna wathola udumo olufanayo nasesiteji se-opera njengomculi wekamelo. Ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yomculo - kusukela ezingomeni zesintu nezothando zakudala (wazenza ngekhono elingenakuqhathaniswa) kuya kuma-arias asendulo ayinkimbinkimbi nezothando abaqambi baseRussia nabaseNtshonalanga - uNadezhda Andreevna wabonisa, njengasekudlalwa kwe-opera, umuzwa wesitayela ocashile nohlukile. ikhono lokuguqulwa kwezobuciko. Edlala emahholo amaningi ekhonsathi, waheha izethameli ngobuhle bobuciko bakhe, wakha ukuxhumana nabo ngokomoya. Noma ubani owezwa uNadezhda Andreevna emdlalweni we-opera noma ekhonsathini wahlala ethanda ubuciko bakhe obukhazimulayo impilo yakhe yonke. Anjalo amandla ethalente.”

Ngempela, ngemva kokushiya isiteji se-opera ekuqaleni kokuphila kwakhe ngo-1943, u-Obukhova wazinikela ekhonsathini ngempumelelo efanayo. Wayekhuthele ikakhulukazi ngeminyaka yama-40s kanye nama-50s.

Iminyaka yomculi ngokuvamile ifushane. Nokho, uNadezhda Andreevna, ngisho eneminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu, edlala emakhonsathini ekamelo, wamangala izethameli ngobumsulwa nomphefumulo we-timbre eyingqayizivele ye-mezzo-soprano yakhe.

Ngo-June 3, 1961, ekhonsathini ye-solo ye-Nadezhda Andreevna yenzeka ku-Actor's House, futhi ngoJuni 26, wahlabelela ingxenye yonke ekhonsathini lapho. Le khonsathi yaba yingoma kaNadezhda Andreevna. Ngemva kokuyophumula eFeodosia, washonela khona ngokuzumayo ngo-August 14.