Gennady Rozhdestvensky |

Gennady Rozhdestvensky

UGennady Rozhdestvensky unobuntu obukhanyayo nethalente elinamandla, ukuziqhenya kwesiko lomculo laseRussia. Isigaba ngasinye somsebenzi wokudala womculi owaziwayo emhlabeni wonke siyingxenye enkulu yempilo yamasiko esikhathi sethu, okuhloswe ngayo ukukhonza Umculo, "injongo yokuletha Ubuhle" (ngamazwi akhe).

Gennady Rozhdestvensky iziqu Moscow State Conservatory upiyano Lev Oborin futhi ekuqhubeni noyise, umqhubi ovelele Nikolai Anosov, kanye nezifundo postgraduate at the Conservatory.

Amakhasi amaningi akhanyayo we-biography yokudala kaGennady Rozhdestvensky ahlotshaniswa ne-Bolshoi Theatre. Esengumfundi e-conservatory, waqala umdlalo wakhe wokuqala ngekaTchaikovsky ethi The Sleeping Beauty (umfundi osemusha wenza wonke umsebenzi ngaphandle kokuthola amaphuzu!). Ngawo lowo 1951, esephumelele umncintiswano ofanelekayo, wamukelwa njengomqhubi we-ballet weBolshoi Theatre futhi wasebenza kulesi sikhundla kwaze kwaba ngu-1960. U-Rozhdestvensky waqhuba ama-ballets The Fountain of Bakhchisaray, Swan Lake, Cinderella, The Tale of the Stone Flower. neminye imidlalo yaseshashalazini, yabamba iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kwe-ballet ka-R. Shchedrin ethi The Little Humpbacked Horse (1960). Ngo-1965-70. UGennady Rozhdestvensky wayengumqhubi oyinhloko weBolshoi Theatre. I-repertoire yakhe yaseshashalazini yayihlanganisa ama-opera angamashumi amane nama-ballet. Umqhubi wabamba iqhaza emikhiqizweni kaKhachaturian's Spartacus (1968), Bizet-Shchedrin's Carmen Suite (1967), Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker (1966) nabanye; ngokokuqala ngqá esiteji saseRussia kudlalwa imidlalo ye-opera ethi Izwi Lomuntu kaPoulenc (1965), iphupho likaBritten elithi A Midsummer Night's (1965). Ngo-1978 wabuyela eBolshoi Theatre njengomqhubi we-opera (kwaze kwaba ngu-1983), wabamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni inani lemidlalo ye-opera, phakathi kwabo kukhona uKaterina Izmailova kaShostakovich (1980) kanye ne-Prokofiev's Betrothal e-Monastery (1982). Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ku-anniversary, isizini yama-225 ye-Bolshoi Theatre, uGennady Rozhdestvensky waba umqondisi jikelele wezobuciko we-Bolshoi Theatre (kusukela ngo-September kuya ku-June 2000), ngalesi sikhathi wakha amaphrojekthi amaningi omqondo waseshashalazini futhi walungiselela ifilimu. umbukiso wokuqala emhlabeni we-opera kaProkofiev ethi The Gambler ezinhlelweni zombhali wokuqala.

Ngawo-1950 igama likaGennady Rozhdestvensky laziwa kakhulu kubalandeli bomculo we-symphonic. Isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka yomsebenzi wokudala, u-maestro Rozhdestvensky ube ngumqhubi wawo wonke ama-symphony ensembles adumile aseRashiya nakwamanye amazwe. Ngo-1961-1974 wayengumqhubi omkhulu kanye nomqondisi wezobuciko we-BSO yeCentral Television kanye ne-All-Union Radio. Kusukela ngo-1974 kuya ku-1985, u-G. Rozhdestvensky wayengumqondisi womculo we-Moscow Chamber Musical Theatre, lapho, ehlangene nomqondisi u-Boris Pokrovsky, avuselela i-opera ka-DD Shostakovich ethi The Nose ka-DD Shostakovich kanye ne-Rake's Progress ka-IF Stravinsky, ebambe izinkundla ezimbalwa ezithakazelisayo. . Ngo-1981, umqhubi wadala i-State Symphony Orchestra yoMnyango Wezamasiko wase-USSR. Iminyaka eyishumi yobuholi baleli qembu yaba yisikhathi sokudala izinhlelo zekhonsathi eziyingqayizivele.

Umhumushi omkhulu womculo wekhulu lama-300, uRozhdestvensky wethula umphakathi waseRussia emisebenzini eminingi engaziwa ngu-A. Schoenberg, P. Hindemith, B. Bartok, B. Martin, O. Messiaen, D. Milhaud, A. Honegger; empeleni, wabuyela eRussia ifa Stravinsky. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe, ama-premieres wemisebenzi eminingi kaR. Shchedrin, S. Slonimsky, A. Eshpay, B. Tishchenko, G. Kancheli, A. Schnittke, S. Gubaidulina, E. Denisov wenziwa. Umnikelo womqhubi wokufunda ifa lika-S. Prokofiev no-D. Shostakovich nawo ubalulekile. Gennady Rozhdestvensky waba umculi wokuqala eRussia nakwamanye amazwe imisebenzi eminingi Alfred Schnittke. Ngokuvamile, edlala nama-orchestra amaningi ahamba phambili emhlabeni, wenza izingcezu ezingaphezu kuka-150 okokuqala ngqa eRussia nangaphezulu kuka-XNUMX okokuqala ngqa emhlabeni. R. Shchedrin, A. Schnittke, S. Gubaidulina nabanye abaqambi abaningi banikezela imisebenzi yabo ku-Rozhdestvensky.

Maphakathi nawo-70s, uGennady Rozhdestvensky wayesengomunye wabaqhubi abahlonishwa kakhulu eYurophu. Ukusuka ku-1974 kuya ku-1977 wahola iStockholm Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra, kamuva wahola i-BBC London Orchestra (1978-1981), iVienna Symphony Orchestra (1980-1982). Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi neminyaka edlule uRozhdestvensky wasebenza neBerlin Philharmonic Orchestra, iRoyal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Amsterdam), iLondon, Chicago, Cleveland kanye neTokyo Symphony Orchestras (umbhidisi ohlonishwayo nowamanje weYomiuri Orchestra) namanye ama-ensembles.

Sekukonke, i-Rozhdestvensky enama-orchestra ahlukahlukene aqopha amarekhodi nama-CD angaphezu kuka-700. Umqhubi urekhode imijikelezo yawo wonke ama-symphonies ka-S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, G. Mahler, A. Glazunov, A. Bruckner, imisebenzi eminingi ka-A. Schnittke emapuletini. Amarekhodi omqhubi athole imiklomelo: i-Grand Prix ye-Le Chant Du Monde, idiploma evela e-Academy ka-Charles Cros eParis (yokuqoshwa kwawo wonke ama-symphonies ka-Prokofiev, ngo-1969).

U-Rozhdestvensky ungumbhali wezingoma ezimbalwa, okukhona kuzo i-oratorio eyisikhumbuzo "Umyalo Wabantu BaseRussia" yomfundi, abacula yedwa, ikhwaya kanye ne-orchestra emazwini ka-A. Remizov.

UGennady Rozhdestvensky unikela isikhathi esiningi namandla okudala ekufundiseni. Kusukela ngo-1974 ubefundisa eMnyangweni we-Opera kanye ne-Symphony Conducting e-Moscow Conservatory, kusukela ngo-1976 ube nguprofesa, kusukela ngo-2001 ubeyinhloko yoMnyango we-Opera kanye ne-Symphony Conducting. U-G. Rozhdestvensky ukhulise umthala wabaqhubi abanamakhono, phakathi kwabo Abaculi Babantu baseRussia uValery Polyansky noVladimir Ponkin. I-maestro yabhala futhi yashicilela izincwadi ezithi “The Conductor’s Fingering”, “Thiughts on Music” kanye nethi “Triangles”; Incwadi ethi “Izandulela” iqukethe imibhalo echazayo acula ngayo kumakhonsathi akhe, kusukela ngo-1974. Ngo-2010, kwashicilelwa incwadi yakhe entsha, ethi Mosaic.

Izinsizakalo ze-GN Rozhdestvensky kwezobuciko zimakwe ngeziqu ezihlonishwayo: Umculi Wabantu wase-USSR, Iqhawe Lomsebenzi Wezenhlalakahle, owawina umklomelo weLenin. UGennady Rozhdestvensky - Ilungu Elihloniphekile le-Royal Swedish Academy, i-Honorary Academician ye-English Royal Academy of Music, uprofesa. Phakathi kwemiklomelo yomculi: i-Bulgarian Order kaCyril noMethodius, i-Order yaseJapane ye-Rising Sun, i-Order of Merit yaseRussia ye-Fatherland, i-IV, III kanye ne-II degrees. Ngo-2003, i-Maestro yathola isihloko se-Order of the Legion of Honor of France.

UGennady Rozhdestvensky ungumculi okhaliphile we-symphonic kanye nemidlalo yaseshashalazini, umdlali wopiyano, uthisha, umqambi, umbhali wezincwadi nezindatshana, isikhulumi esihle kakhulu, umcwaningi, umbuyiseli wezikolo eziningi, uchwepheshe wezobuciko, uchwepheshe wezincwadi, umqoqi oshisekayo, i-erudite. “I-polyphony” yezithakazelo ze-Maestro izibonakalise ngokugcwele “ekuqondisweni” kwezinhlelo zakhe zonyaka zokubhaliselwe ne-State Academic Symphony Choir yaseRussia, ebiphethwe yi-Moscow Philharmonic iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10.

Umthombo: Iwebhusayithi yaseMoscow Philharmonic