Amasimbali: kuyini, isakhiwo, izinhlobo, umlando, amasu okudlala

Amasimbali angezinye zezinsimbi zomculo ezindala kakhulu nezisabalele kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ayini amasimbali

Ikilasi insimbi yomculo eshaywayo enezintambo. Kubhekiselwa kuma-chordophone.

Idume kakhulu eMpumalanga Yurophu. Amasimbali aseHungary, asetshenziswa ngenkuthalo kwezobuciko kazwelonke baseHungary, agqama ngokukhethekile.

Isakhiwo siwumzimba onezitezi. I-case material ethandwayo izinkuni, kodwa kunezinye izinketho.

Izintambo zeluliwe phakathi kwedekhi. Izintambo zensimbi zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu angu-3. Izintambo zizwakala ngazwi linye. Izintambo ze-bass ziyi-copper plated. Kufakwe ngamaqembu kwabangu-3, ​​futhi kushunwe kanyekanye.

Izici zokukhipha umsindo

Ukudlala i-Dulcimer kusekelwe kumasu wesando esikhethekile. Ngalo, izintambo zensimbi zishaywa, okubangela ukuba zidlidlize futhi zizwakale. Uma izintambo zingathulisiwe ngemva kokushaywa, ukudlidliza kusakazekela ezintanjeni ezingomakhelwane, okubangela ukuvungama. Ngaphandle kwesando, ungasebenzisa izinti zokhuni.

izinhlobonhlobo

Amasimbali ahlukaniswe abe amakhonsathi kanye nabantu. Zihlukile ngobukhulu kanye nendlela yokulungisa.

Ingxenye engezansi yabantu ingama-75-115 cm. Okuphezulu kungu-51-94 cm. Izinhlangothi 25-40 cm. Ububanzi buyi-23.5-38 cm. Ukuphakama kungu-3-9 cm. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibhekwa njengezinto ezihlangene futhi kulula ukuhamba. Indlela yokulungisa iyibhande elixhunywe ehlombe noma entanyeni yomculi.

Ingxenye engezansi yekhonsathi - imitha eyi-1. ukuphakama - 60 cm. Izingxenye eziseceleni - 53.5 cm. Ukuphakama - 6.5 cm. Ububanzi - 49 cm. Ukulungiswa - imilenze ngemuva kwecala. Isici esihlukile samamodeli ekhonsathi ubukhona be-damper. Inhloso ukumisa ngokushesha ukudlidliza kwezintambo. I-damper yenziwe ngendlela ye-pedal. Lapho umshayi wensimbi ecindezela i-pedal, umsindo wezintambo uya uvaleka.

Umlando wamasimbali

Izibonelo zokuqala zamasimbali zatholakala phakathi kwabantu baseMesophothamiya. Imidwebo yokuqala yezinsimbi ezifanayo ihlehlela emuva ku-XNUMXth millennium BC. e. Ukuhlangana - abantu baseBabiloni. Izithombe zase-Asiriya zenziwa ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC. e. Inguqulo yaseSumerian ivezwe emidwebeni yekhulu lesi-XNUMX nele-XNUMX BC.

Izinhlobonhlobo zasendulo zibonakala ngomzimba ongunxantathu. Ukuma kwasekuqaleni kwenza insimbi ibukeke njengehabhu eliguquliwe.

Kwavela into efanayo eGrisi lasendulo. I-monochord yakhiwe ngesimiso esifanayo namasimbali esimanje. Umklamo usekelwe ebhokisini le-resonator. Umumo unonxande. Umehluko omkhulu kwaba ukuba khona kwentambo eyodwa kuphela. I-monochord isetshenziswe kwisayensi ukutadisha izikhawu zomculo.

Indlela yamasimbali eya eYurophu awaziwa. Izazi-mlando zisikisela ukuthi amaGypsies noma ama-Arabhu angaletha ithuluzi kanye nawo. EYurophu, amasimbali athola udumo phakathi kwamakhosi angama-feudal. I-Book of the Twenty Arts yekhulu lesi-XNUMX ichaze leli thuluzi elisha ngokuthi "elinomsindo omnandi kakhulu." Yona le ncwadi ikhuluma ngokuthi kwakusetshenziswa amachordophone lapho kudlalwa umculo wasenkantolo nowokuxhwala.

Ekuqaleni, abantu baseYurophu basebenzisa amasimbali ekuculweni kwabo ngabanye. Ngekhulu le-1753th, ithuluzi lalisetshenziswa njengokuhambisana, futhi kamuva langena kuma-ensembles. Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala ku-opera yi-XNUMX, eSpain.

Ngawo-1700, amaJalimane asungula inguqulo yawo ebizwa ngokuthi i-hackbrett. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uPantaleon Gebenshtreit walungisa amasimbali. Enguqulweni yakhe, kwakukhona izihluthulelo. Imodeli ibizwa nge-pataleon ngokuhlonipha igama lomdali. Ngokuzayo, okusungulwe ngu-Goebenshtreit kuzophenduka upiyano lwesimanjemanje.

E-Russia, ithuluzi yaziwa emakhulwini XV-XVI. Imilando ebhaliwe iqukethe ulwazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwayo esigodlweni sasebukhosini. Abadlali bedulcimer baseRussia abadumile bangaleyo minyaka: Milenty Stepanov, Andrey Petrov, Tomilo Besov. Inguqulo yesiJalimane yathola ukuthandwa ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX phakathi kwe-elites.

Inguqulo yesimanje yamasimbali yavela ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Umsunguli – uJozsef noWenzel Shunda. Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, kwenziwa izinguquko ezincane ekwakhiweni. Inhloso yezinguquko ukukhulisa ukuthembeka, ukuqina kanye nevolumu yomsindo.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwensimbi

Ukwakhiwa kabusha kokuqala kwamasimbali e-classic kwenziwa kuma-20s wekhulu le-XX. Ababhali bokwakhiwa kabusha nguD. Zakharov, K. Sushkevich.

Umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha uwukubuyisela isimo sangaphambili kanye nesakhiwo. Umsindo okhiqiziwe kufanele ube phezulu, ucebe futhi uhlukaniswe ngokucacile ube i-octave. Uhlobo lwezando lubuyekeziwe. Ubude bazo buncishisiwe. Ngakho, umculi angakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela izintambo zokukhala.

Inguqulo eyakhiwe kabusha nguZakharov noSushkevich yaqala ukusetshenziswa emakhonsathini kuze kube yiminyaka yama-60s. Kwabe sekwenziwa izinguquko zomklamo olandelayo. Umsebenzi wezinguquko uwukwandisa ububanzi bomsindo. Umgomo wafinyelelwa ngokufaka izitendi ezintsha ezimbili. Ababhali boshintsho ngu-V. Kraiko no-I. Zhinovich.

Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa komklamo, isisindo se-chordophone sikhuphuke kakhulu. Ukususa umthwalo emadolweni omdlali, imilenze ye-4 yaqala ukunamathiselwa engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba. Ngakho, ithuluzi kwaba nokwenzeka ukufaka phezu kwetafula.

Amasu okudlala

Lapho enza umsindo, umculi angasebenzisa ingalo yonke noma isandla esisodwa. Izindlela ze-Tremolo zingasetshenziswa. I-Tremolo ukuphindaphinda okusheshayo komsindo owodwa.

Abadlali besimanje basebenzisa amasu okudlala anwetshiwe. Ukushaywa kwezinduku akwenziwa nje kuphela ngezintambo, kodwa futhi emaphethelweni omzimba. Umsindo ovelayo ufana nomsindo we-castanet. Indlela yokudlala i-flageolet, i-glissando, i-vibrato nesimungulu nayo iyasetshenziswa.

Amasimbali emhlabeni jikelele

Insimbi efana nesakhiwo kanye nomgomo wokusetshenziswa umnsalo womculo. Isatshalaliswa e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika. Ngaphandle, kubukeka njengomnsalo wokuzingela onentambo ehlanganiswe phakathi kweziqongo ezimbili. Ingase futhi ibukeke njengenduku egobile. Izinto zokukhiqiza - ukhuni. Ubude - 0.5-3 m. Isitsha sensimbi, ithanga elomile noma umlomo womculi sisetshenziswa njenge-resonator. Iyunithi yezinhlamvu ngayinye inesibopho senothi elilodwa. Ngakho, ama-chords angadlalwa kumnsalo womculo. Ukwehluka komnsalo womculo obizwa ngokuthi “ku” kutholakala eNew Zealand.

Inguqulo yamaNdiya ibizwa ngokuthi i-santoor. Utshani be-Munja busetshenziswa njengezintambo ze-santoor. Izinti zenziwe ngoqalo. Isetshenziswa emculweni wesintu.

E-Ukraine ngo-1922, uLeonid Gaydamak wenza amakhonsathi esebenzisa amasimbali. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: 2 amathuluzi ancishisiwe abandakanyeka ekwenziweni. Izinketho zosayizi omncane zidalwe ukuze kube lula ukuthutha.

Kusukela ngo-1952, kuye kwafundiswa izifundo ze-dulcimer eMoldova eChisinau Conservatory.

Abadlali be-dulcimer abaphawulekayo

U-Aladar Rac ungumculi waseHungary. Omunye wabadlali abakhulu be-dulcimer emlandweni. Phakathi kwemiklomelo yakhe kukhona uMklomelo we-Kossuth ngo-1948, isihloko sokuba Umdwebi Ohlonishwayo Novelele waseHungary.

Lo mculi wayephuma emndenini wamaGypsy. Ngokwesiko, lapho eneminyaka emithathu ubudala wanikezwa ukufundiswa ukudlala noma iyiphi insimbi yomculo. Amagundane anquma ukufunda ukudlala amasimbali.

Ngempumelelo yakhe, u-Aladar Rat waduma amasimbali engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Insimbi yaqala ukuthathwa ngokungathi sína futhi isetshenziswe kumakhonsathi.

Umqambi wekhulu lesi-XNUMX wase-Austro-Hungary u-Erkel Ferenc wethule insimbi ku-orchestra ye-opera. Phakathi kwemisebenzi kaFerenc kukhona "Ban Bank", "Bathory Maria", "Charolta".

I-USSR yayine-virtuoso cymbalist yayo - u-Iosif Zhinovich. Phakathi kwemiklomelo yakhe kukhona umncintiswano we-All-Union of Performes, isihloko se-People's Artist ye-USSR, Umculi Ohlonishwayo we-BSSR, ama-oda amaningana ebheji lokuhlonishwa kanye ne-Order ye-Red Banner of Labor.

Izingoma ezidumile zamasimbali avela ku-Zhinovich: "I-Belarusian Suite", "umdanso waseBelarusian oqhubekayo futhi oyindilinga", "ingoma nomdanso waseBelarusian". U-Zhinovich uphinde wabhala izifundo ezimbalwa ngokudlala amasimbali. Isibonelo, ngawo-1940, incwadi ethi "Isikole Samasimbali aseBelarusian" yanyatheliswa.