Nikolaus Harnoncourt |

Nicholas Harnocourt

U-Nikolaus Harnoncourt, umqhubi, i-cellist, isazi sefilosofi kanye nomculi womculo, ungomunye wabantu ababalulekile empilweni yomculo yaseYurophu nasemhlabeni wonke.

Bala u-Johann Nicolaus de la Fontaine kanye no-d'Harnoncourt – Abangesabi (Johann Nicolaus Graf de la Fontaine und d'Harnoncourt-Unverzagt) – inzalo yomunye wemindeni ehlonishwa kakhulu eYurophu. Ama-crusader knights kanye nezimbongi, osopolitiki kanye nosopolitiki bomndeni wakwaHarnocourt babambe iqhaza elibalulekile emlandweni waseYurophu kusukela ngekhulu le-14. Ohlangothini lukamama, u-Arnoncourt uhlobene nomndeni wakwaHabsburg, kodwa umqhubi omkhulu akabheki imvelaphi yakhe njengento ebaluleke kakhulu. Wazalelwa eBerlin, wakhulela eGraz, wafunda eSalzburg naseVienna.

Ama-Antipodes Karayana

Ingxenye yokuqala yokuphila komculo kaNikolaus Harnoncourt yadlula ngaphansi kwesibonakaliso sikaHerbert von Karajan. Ngo-1952, uKarajan wamema mathupha lo mdlali oneminyaka engu-23 ubudala ukuthi ajoyine iVienna Symphony Orchestra (Wiener Symphoniker) eyayiholwa nguye. "Ngangingomunye wabantu abangamashumi amane abebezongenela lesi sihlalo," kukhumbula uHarnoncourt. “UKarayan wangiqaphela ngaso leso sikhathi wayesehlebela umqondisi we-orchestra, ethi lokhu kufanele kuthathwe ngenxa yendlela aziphatha ngayo.”

Iminyaka eyachithwa e-orchestra yaba nzima kakhulu kuye ekuphileni kwakhe (wayeka kuphela ngo-1969, lapho eneminyaka engamashumi amane ubudala, waqala umsebenzi onzima wokuba umqhubi). Inqubomgomo uKarajan ayilandela mayelana no-Harnoncourt, owayeqhudelana naye, ngokusobala ezwa ukuthi uzowina esikhathini esizayo, ingabizwa ngokuthi ukushushiswa okuhleliwe: isibonelo, wabeka umbandela e-Salzburg nase-Vienna: "kungaba mina, noma yena."

Consentus Musius: uguquko lwegumbi

Ngo-1953, uNikolaus Harnoncourt nomkakhe u-Alice, umdlali wevayolini eqenjini elifanayo, nabanye abangane abaningana basungula iqoqo le-Concentus Musicus Wien. I-ensemble, okwathi iminyaka engamashumi amabili yokuqala yahlangana ukuze ihlaziye ekamelweni lokudweba le-Arnoncourts, yaqala ukuhlolwa ngomsindo: izinsimbi zasendulo zaqashwa eminyuziyamu, izikolo kanye neminye imithombo yafundwa.

Futhi ngempela: umculo omdala "oyisicefe" uzwakale ngendlela entsha. Indlela emisha inikeze impilo entsha eqanjweni elikhohliwe futhi elidlalwe ngokweqile. Umkhuba wakhe wokuguqula "ukuhumusha okunolwazi ngokomlando" wavusa kabusha umculo weNkathi Yokuvuselela kanye ne-Baroque. "Umculo ngamunye udinga umsindo wawo", kuyinkolelo kaHarnoncourt umculi. Ubaba wobuqiniso, yena akalokothi asebenzise leli gama ngeze.

Bach, Beethoven, Gershwin

U-Arnoncourt ucabanga emhlabeni wonke, amaphrojekthi abaluleke kakhulu awenzile ngokubambisana nama-orchestra amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni ahlanganisa umjikelezo we-Beethoven symphony, umjikelezo we-opera waseMonteverdi, umjikelezo we-Bach cantata (kanye noGustav Leonhard). UHarnoncourt ungumhumushi wangempela wesi-Verdi ne-Janacek. “Umvusi” womculo wakuqala, ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili wazinikeza ukudlala kwe-Gershwin's Porgy and Bess.

Umlobi womlando kaHarnocourt uMonica Mertl wake wabhala ukuthi, njengeqhawe lakhe alikhonzile uDon Quixote, ubonakala ehlala ezibuza lo mbuzo: “Awu, ikuphi okulandelayo?”

Anastasia Rakhmanova, dw.com