I-Synthesizer: ukwakheka kwensimbi, umlando, izinhlobo, indlela yokukhetha

I-synthesizer iyinsimbi yomculo kagesi. Ibhekisela ohlotsheni lwekhibhodi, kodwa kukhona izinguqulo ezinezindlela zokufaka ezihlukile.

Idivayisi

I-synthesizer yekhibhodi yakudala iyikesi elinogesi ngaphakathi kanye nekhibhodi ngaphandle. Izinto zendlu - ipulasitiki, insimbi. Izinkuni azivamile ukusetshenziswa. Usayizi wensimbi uncike enanini lokhiye nezinto zikagesi.

Ama-synthesizer ngokuvamile alawulwa kusetshenziswa ikhibhodi. Ingakhelwa ngaphakathi futhi ixhumeke, isibonelo, nge-midi. Okhiye bayazwela kumandla kanye nesivinini sokucindezela. Ukhiye kungenzeka ube nendlela yesando esebenzayo.

Futhi, ithuluzi lingahlonyiswa ngamaphaneli wokuthinta aphendula ukuthintwa kanye nokuslayida iminwe. Izilawuli zokuvuthela zikuvumela ukuthi udlale umsindo ovela ku-synthesizer njengomtshingo.

Ingxenye engenhla iqukethe izinkinobho, izibonisi, amafindo, amaswishi. Bashintsha umsindo. Izibonisi ziyi-analog nekristalu ewuketshezi.

Eceleni noma phezulu kwecala kunesixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhuma amadivaysi angaphandle. Ngokuya ngemodeli ye-synthesizer, ungaxhuma ama-headphone, imakrofoni, ama-pedals effect, imemori khadi, idrayivu ye-USB, ikhompyutha ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi.

Umlando

Umlando we-synthesizer waqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX ngokusabalala okukhulu kukagesi. Enye yezinsimbi zokuqala zomculo we-elekthronikhi kwakuyi-theremin. Insimbi bekuwumklamo onezimpondo ezizwelayo. Ngokuhambisa izandla zakhe phezu kwe-antenna, umculi wakhiqiza umsindo. Idivayisi yabonakala idumile, kodwa kunzima ukuyisebenzisa, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kokwakhiwa kwensimbi entsha kagesi kwaqhubeka.

Ngo-1935, kwakhululwa i-organ ye-Hammond, ngaphandle efana nepiyano enkulu. Ithuluzi bekuwukuhlukahluka kwe-electronic kwesitho. Ngo-1948, umsunguli waseCanada u-Hugh Le Cain wadala umtshingo kagesi ngekhibhodi ezwela kakhulu kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa i-vibrato ne-glissando. Ukukhishwa komsindo kulawulwa yi-generator elawulwa yi-voltage. Kamuva, ama-generator anjalo azosetshenziswa kuma-synths.

I-synthesizer yokuqala kagesi egcwele ngokugcwele yasungulwa e-USA ngo-1957. Igama elithi "RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer". Insimbi ifunde itheyiphu ekhohliwe enemingcele yomsindo oyifunayo. I-analog synth equkethe amashubhu e-vacuum angu-750 yayinesibopho somsebenzi wokukhipha umsindo.

Maphakathi nawo-60s, i-synthesizer eyi-modular eyakhiwe ngu-Robert Moog yavela. Idivayisi ibinamamojula amaningana akha futhi aguqule umsindo. Amamojula axhunywe ngembobo eshintshayo.

UMoog wasungula indlela yokulawula ukuphakama komsindo ngokusebenzisa amandla kagesi okuthiwa i-oscillator. Uphinde waba ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa amajeneretha omsindo, izihlungi nama-sequencers. Okusungulwe nguMoog kwaba yingxenye ebalulekile yawo wonke ama-synthesizer azayo.

Ngama-70s, unjiniyela waseMelika u-Don Buchla wadala i-Modular Electric Music System. Esikhundleni sekhibhodi ejwayelekile, u-Buchla usebenzise amaphaneli azwela ukuthintwa. Izici zomsindo zazihlukahluka ngamandla okucindezela kanye nokuma kweminwe.

Ngo-1970, uMoog waqala ukukhiqiza imodeli encane, eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-Minimoog". Bekuyi-synth yokuqala yobungcweti edayiswa ezitolo ezijwayelekile zomculo futhi yayihloselwe ukudlala bukhoma. I-Minimoog yenza umqondo wethuluzi elizimele ngekhibhodi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.

E-UK, i-synth yobude obugcwele yakhiqizwa i-Electronic Music Studios. Imikhiqizo yamanani aphansi yakwa-EMS yaduma kubaculi be-rock keyboard abaqhubekayo nama-orchestra. I-Pink Floyd bekungelinye lamabhendi e-rock okuqala ukusebenzisa izinsimbi ze-EMS.

Ama-synthesizer asekuqaleni ayeyi-monophonic. Imodeli yokuqala ye-polyphonic yakhululwa ngo-1978 ngaphansi kwegama elithi "OB-X". Ngawo lowo nyaka, uMprofethi-5 wakhululwa - i-synthesizer yokuqala ehlelwe ngokugcwele. Umprofethi usebenzise ama-microprocessors ukukhipha umsindo.

Ngo-1982, kwavela i-MIDI ejwayelekile kanye nama-sampler synths agcwele. Isici sabo esiyinhloko ukuguqulwa kwemisindo erekhodiwe ngaphambilini. I-synthesizer yokuqala yedijithali, i-Yamaha DX7, yakhululwa ngo-1983.

Ngawo-1990, kwavela ama-software synthesizer. Bayakwazi ukukhipha umsindo ngesikhathi sangempela futhi basebenze njengezinhlelo ezijwayelekile ezisebenza kukhompyutha.

izinhlobo

Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zama-synthesizer ulele endleleni umsindo ohlanganiswe ngayo. Kunezinhlobo ezi-3 eziyinhloko:

1. I-Analog. Umsindo uhlanganiswa ngendlela yokwengeza neyokususa. Inzuzo iwushintsho olubushelelezi ku-amplitude yomsindo. Okubi wumsindo ophezulu womsindo wenkampani yangaphandle.
2. I-analog ebonakalayo. Iningi lama-elementi afana ne-analog. Umehluko wukuthi umsindo ukhiqizwa ama-digital signal processors.
3. Idijithali. Umsindo ucutshungulwa yiprosesa ngokuya ngamasekhethi anengqondo. Isithunzi - ukuhlanzeka komsindo kanye namathuba amahle okucubungula kwawo. Zingaba kokubili ngokomzimba ezimele futhi ngokugcwele amathuluzi software.

Indlela yokukhetha i-synthesizer

Ukukhetha i-synthesizer kufanele kuqale ngokunquma inhloso yokusetshenziswa. Uma umgomo ungekona ukukhipha imisindo engajwayelekile, khona-ke ungathatha upiyano noma upiyanoforte. Umehluko phakathi kwe-synth nepiyano usohlotsheni lomsindo okhiqizwayo: idijithali kanye nemishini.

Ukuze uthole ukuqeqeshwa, akunconywa ukuthatha imodeli ebiza kakhulu, kodwa akufanele ulondoloze kakhulu noma.

Amamodeli ayahluka ngenani lokhiye. Uma okhiye bengeziwe, ububanzi bomsindo obumboziwe. Inombolo evamile yokhiye: 25, 29, 37, 44, 49, 61, 66, 76, 80, 88. Inzuzo yenombolo encane ukuphatheka. Okubi wukushintsha mathupha nokukhetha ibanga. Kufanele ukhethe inketho enethezeke kakhulu.

Ukukhetha ukwaziswa nokwenza isiqhathaniso esibonakalayo kusizwa kangcono ngumxhumanisi esitolo somculo.