New York Philharmonic |

I-New York Philharmonic

I-orchestra endala ye-symphony yaseMelika. Yasungulwa eNew York ngo-1842 (ngo-1921 iNational Orchestra yajoyina, ngo-1928 i-New York Symphony Orchestra).

Abaholi bokuqala be-New York Philharmonic Orchestra kwakunguWK Hill (owasungula i-New York Philharmonic Society) no-ES Timm, ngaleso sikhathi ababengabaqhubi - T. Eisfeld (1852-55), K. Bergman (1855-59, 1865-76), T. Thomas (1877-91, umsebenzi wakhe waba neqhaza ekuthuthukisweni komculo wezinsimbi e-USA), A. Seidl (1891-98) kanye no-E. Paur (1898-1902).

Ngo-1891, u-PI Tchaikovsky waqhuba i-New York Philharmonic Orchestra ekuvulweni kwehholo lekhonsathi laseCarnegie Hall.

Ngo-1902-06, abaculi abaningi abadumile bahola i-orchestra, kuhlanganise L. Damrosh, V. Mengelberg, F. Weingartner, R. Strauss, E. Colonne, ngo-1906-09 - umqhubi ovelele waseRussia VI Safonov, ngo-1909 - 11 - U-G. Mahler, owandise isibalo samakhonsathi ngesizini, ukhuphule ikhono lokudlala le-orchestra laba sezingeni eliphezulu nakakhulu. Umlandeli wakhe kwakunguJ. Stransky (1911-22), ngaleso sikhathi eyayiqhutshwa uV. Mengelberg (1922-30), W. Furtwängler (1925-27).

Ngo-1927-36, i-orchestra yayiholwa ngu-A. Toscanini, phakathi neminyaka yokusebenza kwayo i-New York Philharmonic Orchestra yazuza udumo emhlabeni wonke, ngo-1936-43 G. Barbirolli wayengumqondisi womculo, ngo-1951-57 - D. Mitropoulos. I-orchestra yayiqhutshwa nabanye abaculi abavelele - B. Walter, E. Kleiber, O. Klemperer, T. Beecham, L. Stokowski, S. Munsch nabanye. Ngo-1958-69 Ch. umqhubi weNew York Philharmonic Orchestra kwakungu L. Bernstein, kusukela ngo-1971 - P. Boulez.

U-G. Mahler, A. Toscanini kanye no-L. Bernstein badlale indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kwe-New York Philharmonic Orchestra njengeqembu lobuciko, ekwakheni isitayela sayo sokwenza kanye nasekuqashelweni kwayo njenge-orchestra ye-symphony yesigaba esiphezulu.

Abaqambi u-AG Rubinstein, A. Dvorak, R. Strauss, C. Saint-Saens, A. Honegger, IF Stravinsky, M. Ravel, J. Enescu, E. Vila Lobos nabanye baqhuba i-orchestra ye-New York Philharmonic lapho benza eziningi imisebenzi yabo.

Abaculi abakhulu bacula ngokuphindaphindiwe ne-orchestra: abadlali bopiyano - I. Paderevsky, A. Schnabel, SV Rachmaninov, SS Prokofiev, VS Horowitz, abadlali bevayolini - J. Heifets, DF Oistrakh, J. Szigeti , I. Stern, I. Menuhin kanye no abanye, abahlabeleli abadumile emhlabeni.

Imisebenzi eminingi manje eyaziwa kabanzi yenziwa okokuqala yi-New York Philharmonic Orchestra, phakathi kwayo: I-Dvořák's 9th Symphony (“Kusuka Ezweni Elisha”), i-Symphony ka-IF Stravinsky ezingxenyeni ezi-3, i-Gershwin’s Piano Concerto, njll.

I-New York Philharmonic Orchestra inikela kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwempilo yomculo e-United States. Kuphela eNew York i-orchestra minyaka yonke inikeza amakhonsathi angu-120, enza nezinhlelo zomsakazo zentsha. Kusukela ngo-1930, i-New York Philharmonic Orchestra ibilokhu ihambela emazweni amaningi (e-USSR ngo-1959, 1976).

Kusukela ngo-2002 kuya ku-2009 i-orchestra yayiqondiswa uLorin Maazel. Kusukela ngo-2009 kuze kube manje - Alan Gilbert.

IM Markov

Abaholi be-Orchestra:

1842-1849 - Ureli Corelli Hill 1849-1854 - Theodor Eisfeld 1854-1855 - Theodor Eisfeld noHenry Timm 1855-1856 - Carl Bergman 1856-1858 - Theodor Eisfeld 1858-1859 - Carl Bergman 1859-1865-1865-Carl Bergman 1876-1876-Carl Bergman -1877 - Carl Bergman 1877-1878 - Leopold Damrosch 1878-1879 - Theodore Thomas 1879-1891 - Adolf Neuendorf 1891-1898 - Theodore Thomas 1898-1902 - Anton Seidl-1902-1903 Dalter 1906 - 1909 Daml-1909 -1911 - Anton Seidl-1911 - Vasily Safonov 1923-1922 - Gustav Mahler 1930-1928 - Josef Stransky 1936-1936 - Willem Mengelberg 1941-1943 - Arturo Toscanini 1947-1947 - John Barbirolli 1949-1949 Arturpold-1950-1949 Arturpold-1958 Stokowski 1958-1969 - Dimitris Mitropoulos 1969-1970 - Leonard Bernstein 1971-1977 - George Sell 1978-1991 - Pierre Boulez 1991-2002 - Zubin Meta 2002-2009 - 2009 XNUMX XNUMX Gilbert Losur