Jaroslav Krombholc |

Jaroslav Krombholc

Kuze kube muva nje - eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu edlule - igama lika-Yaroslav Krombholtz lalingaziwa yindilinga ebanzi yabathandi bomculo. Namuhla ubhekwa ngokufanelekile njengomunye wabaqhubi be-opera abahamba phambili emhlabeni, umlandeli ofanelekayo kaVaclav Talich futhi owalandela umsebenzi wakhe. Lesi sakamuva singokwemvelo futhi sinengqondo: U-Krombholtz ungumfundi kaTalikh hhayi kuphela esikoleni esiqhuba ePrague Conservatory, kodwa naseNational Theatre, lapho ayengumsizi wenkosi ephawulekayo isikhathi eside.

UKrombholtz wafundelwa uTalih njengomculi osemusha kodwa osefundile. Wafundela ukuqamba e-Prague Conservatory no-O. Shin no-V. Novak, eqhuba no-P. Dedechek, waya emakilasini ka-A. Khaba futhi walalela izinkulumo zika-3. Nejedla e-Faculty of Philosophy yase-Charles University. Nokho, ekuqaleni, uKrombholtz wayengeke abe umqhubi: umculi wakhangwa kakhulu ekuqanjweni, futhi ezinye zemisebenzi yakhe - i-symphony, ama-orchestral suites, i-sextet, izingoma - zisazwakala kusukela esiteji sekhonsathi. Kodwa kakade eminyakeni engamashumi amane, umculi osemusha wayenaka kakhulu ukuqhuba. Ngesikhathi esengumfundi, waqala ukuthola ithuba lokuqhuba imidlalo ye-opera ye-"Talikhov repertoire" e-People's Theatre futhi wazama ukungena ezimfihlo zekhono lomeluleki wakhe.

Umsebenzi ozimele womqhubi waqala lapho eneminyaka engamashumi amabili nantathu kuphela. Ethiyetha yedolobha lasePilsen, wadlala i-"Jenufa", bese ethi "Dalibor" kanye ne "The Marriage of Figaro". Le misebenzi emithathu yakha, njengokungathi, isisekelo se-repertoire yakhe: imikhomo emithathu - ama-classics aseCzech, umculo wesimanje kanye ne-Mozart. Khona-ke u-Krombholtz waphendukela kumaphuzu we-Suk, Ostrchil, Fibich, Novak, Burian, Borzhkovets - eqinisweni, ngokushesha konke okuhle kakhulu okudalwe abantu bakubo kwangena ku-repertoire yakhe.

Ngo-1963, uKrombholtz waba umqhubi omkhulu wemidlalo yaseshashalazini ePrague. Lapha u-Krombholtz wakhula waba umhumushi ohlakaniphile nomsakazi wezingoma zakudala ze-opera yaseCzech, umfuni oshisekayo nomhloli emkhakheni we-opera yesimanje, njengoba aziwa namuhla hhayi eCzechoslovakia kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. I-repertoire ehlala njalo yomqhubi ihlanganisa ama-opera amaningi kaSmetana, Dvorak, Fibich, Foerster, Novak, asebenza nguJanáček, Ostrchil, Jeremias, Kovarovits, Burian, Sukhoń, Martin, Volprecht, Cikker, Power nabanye abaqambi baseCzechoslovak, kanye noMozart, usengomunye wababhali abayintandokazi yomculi. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, unaka kakhulu ama-opera aseRussia, okuhlanganisa u-Eugene Onegin, i-Snow Maiden, u-Boris Godunov, ama-opera ababhali besikhathi samanje - I-Prokofiev's War and Peace kanye ne-Tale of a Real Man, uKaterina Izmailova kaShostakovich. Ekugcineni, ukukhiqizwa kwakamuva kwama-opera ka-R. Strauss (u-Salome no-Elektra), kanye no-A. Berg's Wozzeck, kumenze waduma njengomunye wongoti nabahumushi abangcono kakhulu be-contemporary repertoire.

Ukuhlonishwa okuphezulu kwe-Krombholtz kufakazelwa impumelelo yakhe ngaphandle kweCzechoslovakia. Ngemva kokuvakasha okuningana neqembu le-People's Theatre e-USSR, eBelgium, eMpumalanga Jalimane, umenywa njalo ukuba aqhube imidlalo yaseshashalazini engcono kakhulu eVienna naseLondon, eMilan naseStuttgart, eWarsaw naseRio de Janeiro, eBerlin naseParis. . Ukukhiqizwa Kwendodakazi Yakhe Yokutholwa, u-Katerina Izmailova, Umakoti Oshintshiwe e-Vienna State Opera, Uvuko lukaCikker e-Stuttgart Opera, Umakoti Obanjiwe kanye no-Boris Godunov e-Covent Garden, u-Katya Kabanova baphumelele ngokukhethekile. ”kanye no-“ Enufa ”e-Netherlands Festival. I-Krombholtz ngokuyinhloko ingumqhubi we-opera. Kodwa noma kunjalo uthola isikhathi sokudlala ekhonsathini, kokubili eCzechoslovakia nakwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi eNgilandi, lapho ethandwa kakhulu khona. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yezinhlelo zakhe zekhonsathi ithathwa ngumculo wekhulu lesi-XNUMX: lapha, kanye nabaqambi baseCzechoslovak, kukhona uDebussy, Ravel, Roussel, Millau, Bartok, Hindemith, Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Kodai, F. Marten.

Echaza umfanekiso oqanjiwe womdwebi, umgxeki uP. Eckstein uyabhala: “U-Krombholtz okokuqala ungumbhidi wezingoma, futhi konke ukusesha kwakhe nezimpumelelo zakhe kuphawulwa ukuthamba nobuhle obuthile. Kodwa, yiqiniso, isici esimangalisayo futhi akuyona iphuzu lakhe elibuthakathaka. Ukuqopha kwakhe izingcaphuno zedrama yomculo kaFiebich ethi The Bride of Messina kufakazela lokhu, njengoba, ngempela, kwenza ukukhiqizwa okumangalisayo kwe-Wozzeck ePrague. Imizwa yobunkondlo nemisindo ewubukhazikhazi isondelene kakhulu nethalente lomdwebi. Lokhu kuzwakala kuyi-Rusalka ka-Dvořák, eyaqoshwa nguye futhi yaqashelwa abagxeki njengokuchazwa okuphelele kakhulu komsebenzi. Kodwa kwezinye izinto eziqoshiwe, njenge-opera ethi “Abafelokazi Ababili”, u-Krombholtz ubonisa ukuhleka kwakhe okuphelele nomusa.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969