Hermann Abendroth |

Herman Abendroth

Indlela yokudala kaHerman Abendroth yadlula kakhulu phambi kwamehlo ezilaleli zaseSoviet. Waqala ukufika e-USSR ngo-1925. Ngalesi sikhathi, umculi oneminyaka engamashumi amane nambili wayesekwazile ukuthatha indawo eqinile eqenjini labaqhubi baseYurophu, ngaleso sikhathi elalicebile ngamagama akhazimulayo. Ngemva kwakhe kwakukhona isikole esihle kakhulu (wakhulela eMunich ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaF. Motl) kanye nolwazi oluningi njengomqhubi. Kakade ngo-1903, umqhubi osemusha wahola iMunich "Orchestral Society", futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili waba umqhubi we-opera namakhonsathi eLübeck. Wabe esesebenza e-Essen, Cologne, futhi ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ngemva kokuba uprofesa, wahola Cologne School of Music futhi wathatha imisebenzi yokufundisa. Uhambo lwakhe lwenzeka eFrance, e-Italy, eDenmark, eNetherlands; kathathu weza ezweni lakithi. Omunye wabagxeki baseSoviet waphawula: “Umqhubi walolu hlelo wathola uzwela oluqinile emdlalweni wokuqala ngqa. Kungashiwo ukuthi kumuntu ka-Abendroth sahlangana nobuntu obukhulu bezobuciko ... U-Abendroth unesithakazelo esivelele njengengcweti esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nomculi onekhono kakhulu othathe amasiko angcono kakhulu omculo waseJalimane. Lokhu kuzwela kwaqiniswa ngemva kwamakhonsathi amaningi lapho umculi enza khona i-repertoire ebanzi futhi ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nemisebenzi yabaqambi bakhe abathandayo - u-Handel, uBeethoven, uSchubert, uBruckner, uWagner, uLiszt, uReger, uR. Strauss; ukusebenza kwe-Fifth Symphony ka-Tchaikovsky kwamukelwa ngokukhethekile ngemfudumalo.

Ngakho, kakade kuma-20s, izilaleli zaseSoviet zazisa ithalenta nekhono lomqhubi. I. Sollertinsky wabhala: “Ekhonweni lika-Abendroth lokuba umpetha weqembu lomculo wezinsimbi akukho lutho oluhlanganisa ukuma, ukuzidlalela ngamabomu noma ukudlikizeka okudabukisayo. Ngezinsiza ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe, akazimisele nhlobo ukudlala ngothando ngobuhle besandla sakhe noma umunwe omncane wesokunxele. Ngesenzo esithambile nesibanzi, u-Abendroth uyakwazi ukukhipha i-sonority enkulu ku-orchestra ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuzola kwangaphandle. Umhlangano omusha no-Abendroth wenzeka kakade eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu. Kwabaningi, lokhu kwaba ukujwayelana kokuqala, ngoba izethameli zakhula futhi zashintsha. Ubuciko bomculi abuzange bume. Kulokhu, kwavela phambi kwethu umpetha ohlakaniphile ekuphileni nokuhlangenwe nakho. Lokhu kungokwemvelo: iminyaka eminingi u-Abendrot wasebenza nama-ensembles aseJalimane angcono kakhulu, eqondisa i-opera namakhonsathi e-Weimar, ngesikhathi esifanayo wayengumqhubi oyinhloko we-Berlin Radio Orchestra futhi wavakashela amazwe amaningi. Ekhuluma e-USSR ngo-1951 no-1954, u-Abendroth uphinde wabamba izethameli ngokubonisa izici ezinhle kakhulu zethalente lakhe. “Isenzakalo esijabulisayo ekuphileni komculo enhloko-dolobha yethu,” kubhala u-D. Shostakovich, “kwakuwukudlalwa kwawo wonke ama-symphony angu-XNUMX ka-Beethoven, i-Coriolanus Overture kanye ne-Third Piano Concerto ngaphansi kwenduku yomculi waseJalimane ovelele uHermann Abendroth … G. Abendroth. wathethelela amathemba aseMuscovites. Wazibonakalisa enguchwepheshe okhaliphile wamaphuzu kaBeethoven, umhumushi onekhono wemibono kaBeethoven. Encazelweni engenasici ka-G. Abendroth kokubili ngesimo nokuqukethwe, ama-symphonies ka-Beethoven azwakala ngokujulile okushukumisayo, okungokwemvelo kuwo wonke umsebenzi ka-Beethoven. Ngokuvamile, lapho befuna ukugubha umqhubi, bathi ukusebenza kwakhe komsebenzi kuzwakala "ngendlela entsha". Ukufaneleka kukaHermann Abendroth kulele eqinisweni lokuthi ekusebenzeni kwakhe ama-symphonies kaBeethoven azwakalanga ngendlela entsha, kodwa ngendlela kaBeethoven. Ekhuluma ngezici zesici sokubukeka komdwebi njengomqhubi, uzakwabo waseSoviet u-A. Gauk wagcizelela “inhlanganisela yekhono lokucabanga ngezinga elikhulu lamafomu ngomdwebo ocace ngokwedlulele, onembile, oyifiligree wemininingwane yamaphuzu, isifiso sokuhlonza zonke izinsimbi, isiqephu ngasinye, izwi ngalinye, ukuze kugcizelelwe ukucija okunesigqi kwesithombe.”

Zonke lezi zici zenze u-Abendroth waba umhumushi ophawulekayo womculo kaBach noMozart, uBeethoven noBruckner; futhi bamvumela ukuba angene ekujuleni kwemisebenzi kaTchaikovsky, ama-symphonies kaShostakovich noProkofiev, athatha indawo ebalulekile ku-repertoire yakhe.

U-Abendrot kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe wahola umsebenzi omkhulu wekhonsathi.

Umqhubi wanikeza ithalenta lakhe njengengcweti nothisha ekwakhiweni kwesiko elisha le-German Democratic Republic. Uhulumeni we-GDR wamhlonipha ngezindondo eziphakeme kanye noMklomelo Kazwelonke (1949).

Grigoriev LG, Platek Ya. M., 1969