I-opera yesenzo esisodwa

I-opera ehlanganisa isenzo esisodwa sasesiteji ibizwa ngokuthi i-one-act opera. Lesi senzo singahlukaniswa ngezithombe, izigcawu, iziqephu. Ubude besikhathi se-opera enjalo bungaphansi ngokuphawulekayo kunobude bezenzo eziningi. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, i-opera esenzweni esisodwa iyinhlangano yomculo ephelele ene-dramaturgy ethuthukisiwe ne-architectonics, futhi ihlukaniswa nokwehluka kohlobo lwayo. Njengomdlalo we-opera “omkhulu”, iqala nge-overture noma isingeniso futhi iqukethe izinombolo ezihlangene kanye nezihlanganisiwe.

Kodwa-ke, i-opera yesenzo esisodwa inezici zayo ezihlukile:

Isibonelo:

I-opera yesenzo esisodwa ekhulwini le-17-18. evame ukwenziwa ngesikhathi sekhefu lama-opera amakhulu; enkantolo, nasezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Isici esimaphakathi sokuvezwa komculo kwe-opera encane yasekuqaleni yayiphindaphinda, futhi kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-18. i-aria imbuyisela emuva. I-recitative idlala indima yenjini yesakhiwo kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwama-ensembles nama-arias.

Ukusuka eGlück kuya ePuccini.

Ngekhulu lama-50s XVIII u-HW Gluck waqamba ama-opera amabili amnandi ajabulisayo anomdlalo owodwa: futhi, no-P. Mascagni, ikhulu leminyaka kamuva, unikeza umhlaba i-opera emangazayo yefomu elincane. Ukukhuphuka kohlobo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX. D. Puccini wavusa isithakazelo kuye nasekudaleni komqambi ama-opera anesenzo esisodwa esisekelwe emdlalweni wegama elifanayo lika-D. Gold,,; U-P. Hindemith ubhala i-comic opera. Kunezibonelo eziningi zama-opera amafomu amancane.

Indaba yesiphetho sentokazi ehloniphekile eyazala ingane ngaphandle komshado futhi yaya endlini yezindela ukuze iphenduke iyisisekelo se-opera kaPuccini ethi "Dade Angelica". Ngemva kokufunda ngokufa kwendodana yakhe, uDade Angelica uphuza ushevu, kodwa uyaqaphela ukuthi ukuzibulala kuyisono esibi esingeke simvumele ukuba abone umntwana ezulwini, kushukumisela iqhawekazi ukuba lithandazele intethelelo kuMariya uMariya. Ibona iNcasakazi eNgcwele esikhaleni sesonto, ihola umfana onezinwele ezimhlophe ngesandla, futhi ishona ngokuthula.

U-Sister Angelica omangalisayo wehlukile kuwo wonke amanye ama-opera e-Puccini. Amazwi esifazane kuphela ahlanganyela kuwo, futhi esigcawini sokugcina kuphela kuzwakala ikhwaya yabafana (“Ikhwaya Yezingelosi”). Umsebenzi usebenzisa isitayela samahubo esonto ngesitho, amasu aqinile we-polyphony, nezinsimbi zingazwakala ku-orchestra.

Isigcawu sokuqala sivula ngokuthakazelisayo - ngomthandazo, ohambisana nezinsimbi zomculo, izinsimbi kanye nokutshiyoza kwezinyoni. Isithombe sobusuku - i-symphonic intermezzo - sizosekelwe esihlokweni esifanayo. Ukunakwa okuyinhloko ku-opera kukhokhwa ekudaleni isithombe esingokwengqondo esicashile somlingisi oyinhloko. Endimeni ka-Angelica, idrama eyeqisayo ngezinye izikhathi iboniswa ngezibabazo zenkulumo ngaphandle kwephimbo elithile.

Ama-opera anesenzo esisodwa abaqambi baseRussia.

Abaqambi baseRussia abavelele baqambe ama-opera amaningi amahle anomdlalo owodwa wezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Iningi lendalo yabo iyingxenye ye-lyrical-dramatic or lyrical direction (isibonelo, "Boyaryna Vera Sheloga" nguNA Rimsky-Korsakov, "Iolanta" kaTchaikovsky, "Aleko" kaRachmaninov, njll.), kodwa futhi ifomu elincane i-comic opera - Akuyona into engavamile. UMA uStravinsky ebhale i-opera ngesenzo esisodwa esisekelwe enkondlweni kaPushkin ethi “The Little House in Kolomna,” edweba isithombe sesifundazwe saseRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.

Umlingisi oyinhloko we-opera, uParasha, ugqokisa isithandwa sakhe, i-hussar esheshayo, njengompheki, uMavra, ukuze akwazi ukuba naye futhi aqede izinsolo zikanina oqinile. Lapho ukukhohlisa kwembulwa, “umpheki” uphuma ngefasitela, futhi uParasha uyabaleka ngemva kwalokho. Imvelaphi ye-opera ethi "Mavra" inikezwa ngezinto ezimibalabala: izinkulumo zothando lwasemadolobheni, ingoma ye-gypsy, i-operatic aria-lamento, isigqi somdanso, futhi yonke le kaleidoscope yomculo ibekwe esiteshini se-parody-grotesque umsebenzi.

Ama-opera ezingane ezincane.

I-opera yomdlalo owodwa ifaneleka kahle ekubonweni kwezingane. Abaqambi be-Classic babhala ama-opera amaningi amafushane ezingane. Zihlala kusukela emaminithini angu-35 kuya esikhathini esingaphezudlwana kwehora. UM. Ravel waphendukela ku-opera yezingane ngesenzo esisodwa. Wakha umsebenzi othakazelisayo othi, "Ingane Nomlingo," mayelana nomfana ongenandaba, owathikaza ukulungiselela umsebenzi wakhe wesikole, wadlala imigilingwane enjengeye unina. Izinto azimoshayo ziyaphila futhi zisongela utsotsi.

Kusenjalo kuqhamuke uNkosazana ephuma ekhasini lezincwadi, athuke umfana anyamalale. Izincwadi zokufunda zilokhu ziphoqa kuye imisebenzi ezondayo. Kuvela amakati adlalayo, futhi Ingane iwaphuthuma engadini. Lapha izitshalo, izilwane ngisho nedamu lemvula elimcasulile likhononda ngalo mgilingwane omncane. Izidalwa ezicasuliwe zifuna ukuqala ukulwa, zifuna ukuziphindiselela kumfana, kodwa ngokuzumayo ziqala ukuxabana phakathi kwazo. Ingane ethukile ibiza uMama. Lapho ingwejeje ekhubazekile iwa ezinyaweni zakhe, umfana ubopha udladla lwakhe olubuhlungu futhi awe ngokukhathala. Wonke umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi ingane ithuthukile. Abahlanganyeli emicimbini bayamlanda, bamyise endlini bese bebiza umama.

Izigqi ezazisetshenziswa umqambi zazisemfashinini ekhulwini lama-20. Imidanso ye-Boston waltz kanye ne-foxtrot ihlinzeka ngokungafani kwasekuqaleni kuziqephu zezingoma ezinesitayela nezefundisi. Izinto ezilethwa ekuphileni zimelelwa yizindikimba zezinsimbi, futhi abalingisi abazwelana nomntwana banikezwa imiculo emnandi. I-Ravel yayisebenzisa ngokukhululekile i-onomatopoeia (ukufingqa nokukhala kwekati, ukukhala kwamaxoxo, ukushaya kwewashi nokukhala kwenkomishi ephukile, ukuphaphazela kwamaphiko ezinyoni, njll.).

I-opera inesici esiqinile sokuhlobisa. I-duet ye-Armchair eyinkimbinkimbi kanye ne-cutesy Couch inemibala egqamile - ngesigqi se-minuet, futhi i-Duet of the Cup ne-Teapot iyi-foxtrot kumodi ye-pentatonic. Ikhorasi esabekayo, eqinisekisayo kanye nomdanso wezibalo zibukhali, nesigqi esigelezayo esizwakalayo. Isigcawu sesibili se-opera sibonakala ngokuchichima kwe-waltzing - ukusuka ku-elegiac ebucayi ukuya kohlekisayo.