Ifomu elinezingxenye ezimbili |
Ifomu elinezingxenye ezimbili - umculo. ifomu elibonakala ngokuhlangana kwezingxenye ezimbili zibe yinto eyodwa (uhlelo AB). Ihlukaniswe yaba elula futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokulula D.f. zombili izingxenye azidluli isikhathi. Kulokhu, ingxenye yokuqala (inkathi) yenza ukuveza. umsebenzi - ubeka itimu yokuqala. impahla. Ingxenye yesibili ingenza i-decomp. imisebenzi, lapho kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili ze-D. f. – ukungaphindiseli nokuphindisela. Ukungaphindisi okulula D. f. kungaba kokubili okumnyama okuphindwe kabili kanye nokumnyama okukodwa. Esimweni sokuqala, umsebenzi wengxenye yesi-1 ubuye ube isethulo sesihloko. Lesi silinganiso sivame kakhulu ngesimo sohlobo lwe-"singal - chorus". I-refrain ingase ingahlukani nomculo, kodwa iyenze ibe nengqondo. ukuqhubeka (Hymn of the Soviet Union). Kwezinye izimo, i-refrain iphikisana ne-refrain (ingoma ethi "May Moscow" kaDan. no-Dm. Pokrass). Kodwa-ke, umehluko (kanye nokufana) kwezindikimba ezimbili nakho kungavela ngaphandle kwesilinganiso se-"singal - chorus" (i-romance "Spruce and Palm Tree" ka-NA Rimsky-Korsakov). Ku-one-dark D. f. umsebenzi wengxenye yesi-2 ukuthuthukiswa kwetimu. impahla ye-2st movement (ingqikithi yokuhlukahluka kokunyakaza kwe-2 ye-Beethoven sonata ye-piano No. 1 ye-Appassionata, ama-waltze amaningi kaSchubert). Ku-reprise elula D. t. ukuthuthukiswa kwetimu yokuqala. impahla ngaphakathi kwengxenye yesi-2 iphetha ngokuphindaphinda kwayo ingxenye - ukukhiqizwa kabusha komusho owodwa wenkathi yoku-23 (ischeme aa2ba1). Ngobude obulinganayo bazo zonke izingxenye zefomu elinjalo, iphethini yayo ecacile kakhulu ibonakala, cishe njalo okuthiwa. "isikwele" isakhiwo (1 + 2 + 4 + 4 noma 4 + 4 imijikelezo). Hlanganani nihlukane. ukwephulwa kwalesi periodicity eqinile, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yesi-8. Nokho, izigaba zamathuba okunwetshwa ku-D. f. zilinganiselwe, kusukela lapho i-middle and reprise iphindwe kabili, ifomu elilula lezingxenye ezintathu livela (bheka. Ifomu lezingxenye ezintathu). Ingxenye ngayinye yezingxenye ezimbili ze-D. t. ingaphinda (izikimu ||: A :||: B :|| noma A ||: B :||). Ukuphindaphinda kwezingxenye kwenza ifomu licace, ligcizelela ukuhlukaniswa kwalo libe yizigaba ezi-8. Ukuphindaphinda okunjalo kuvamile ezinhlotsheni zezimoto - umdanso kanye nemashi. Ezinhlotsheni ze-lyric, njengomthetho, ayisetshenziswanga, okwenza ifomu libe manzi futhi liguquguquke. Izingxenye zingashintsha uma ziphindaphindwa. Kulezi zimo, umqambi ubhala ukuphindaphinda embhalweni womculo. (Ekuhlaziyeni, ukuphindaphinda okuhlukahlukene akufanele kuthathwe njengokuvela kwengxenye entsha.) Ku-D. f. yohlobo lwe-"singal - chorus", ifomu lonke lilonke livame ukuphindaphindiwe izikhathi eziningana (ngaphandle kokuphinda izingxenye zalo ngokwehlukana). Njengomphumela, kuvela ifomu le-couplet (bheka i-Couplet). I-D.f elula. ingamelwa njengomkhiqizo wonke. (ingoma, ezothando, instr. miniature), kanye nengxenye yayo, kuzo zombili izimo ivalwe ngethoni.
Izinhlobo ezilula D. ezichazwe ngenhla f. kuphrof. ubuciko buthuthukile emculweni we-homophonic-harmonic. i-warehouse cishe esitezi sesi-2. Ikhulu le-18 Bandulelwa okuthiwa. endala D. f., lapho otd. izingxenye zama-suites (allemande, courante), ngezinye izikhathi izandulela. Leli fomu libonakala ngokuhlukaniswa okucacile zibe izingxenye ezi-2, emdansweni. izinhlobo zivame ukuphindaphinda. Ingxenye yayo yokuqala iyinkathi yohlobo olusambulekayo. ukuthuthukiswa kwe-harmonic kuqondiswa kuyo kusukela kukhiye oyinhloko kuya kokubusa kwayo (nasemisebenzini emincane - kuya kukhiye wokufana). Ingxenye yesi-1, eqala kukhiye olawulayo noma ohambisanayo (noma kulokhu kuvumelana), iholela ekuphindaphindweni kokhiye oyinhloko. Umsebenzi wesihloko kuleli fomu wenziwa yilokho okushiwo ekuqaleni komsebenzi. i-thematic nucleus.
Ku-complex ye-Df 2 izingxenye zihlanganisiwe, okungenani eyodwa idlula isikhathi futhi yakha ifomu elilula elinezingxenye ezimbili noma ezintathu. Izigaba ze-complex D. f., njengomthetho, ziyaphikisana. Ngokuvamile, leli fomu lisetshenziswa ku-opera arias. Kulokhu, ingxenye ye-1 ingaba isingeniso esinwetshiwe. ukuphindaphinda, okwesibili - i-aria yangempela noma ingoma ("Inhlanhla yokutshela uMarta" kusukela ku-opera "Khovanshchina" ka-MP Mussorgsky). Kwezinye izimo, zombili izingxenye ziyalingana, futhi umehluko wabo uhlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwesenzo, ngokushintsha kwesimo sengqondo seqhawe (i-aria kaLiza "Zivelaphi lezi zinyembezi" kusukela endaweni yesi-2 ye-opera kaPI Tchaikovsky. Indlovukazi ye-Spades). Kukhona ne-complex D. f., ingxenye yesi-2 okuyi-coda ethuthukisiwe (i-duet kaDon Giovanni noZerlina evela ku-opera ka-WA Mozart ethi Don Giovanni). Ku-instr. umculo complex D. f. isetshenziswa kancane, futhi zombili izingxenye zayo ngokuvamile ihluke kancane (F. Chopin's nocturne H-dur op. 2 No 32). Isibonelo sefomu eliyinkimbinkimbi elinezingxenye ezimbili ku-instr. umculo – ilungiselelo lombhali le-orchestra “Izingoma Ze-Solveig” ka-E. Grieg.
References: bona ku-Art. Ifomu lomculo.
VP Bobrovsky
