Izinsimbi zomculo |

Zomculo - amathuluzi aklanyelwe ukukhipha ahlelwe ngendlela enesigqi futhi engaguquki kumsindo wephimbo noma isigqi esilawulwa ngokucacile, kanye nomsindo. Izinto ezenza imisindo engahlelekile nomsindo (i-mallet yabalindi basebusuku, ukugedla kwabazingeli, ama-arched bells, ikhwelo), noma ama-decoys alingisa ukuhlabelela kwezinyoni nokukhala kwezilwane ezisetshenziswa ekuzingeleni, kanye namathuluzi asebenza njengemishini ekhethekile. Izinjongo zesignali, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zingasetshenziswa kokubili njenge-M. kanye. Kukhona futhi M. kanye. inhloso esetshenzisiwe, esetshenziselwa izinjongo zesiko (i-shaman tambourine, i-Buddhist ghan-dan kanye ne-bure, i-Nivkh partigre); ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziselwa ukuhambisana nama-bunks. imidanso (Est. kraatsspill, Latvian, tridexnis, chagana, eglite). Lokhu kuhlanganisa amadivaysi, ngosizo lawo ku-symphony. (i-opera) i-orchestra ikhiqiza kabusha ukuduma, umoya oklewulayo, isiswebhu esiqhumayo, njll. Ezinye zezinsimbi ezisetshenziswayo nezibonisa izimpawu nazo zingacula. ubuciko. imisebenzi, isb. izinsimbi zesonto ezinolimi olumisiwe ngokukhululekile. Ku-M. kanye. ama-litas nawo afakiwe. Toshalya noma Latvian. I-berzstaase, eyenziwe ngamagxolo e-birch, i-Mari efi evela kwiqabunga le-lilac, isi-Ukraine. lusk kusuka ku-horn flake, njll.; usebenzisa amathuluzi afanayo. abaculi bashaya ikhwelo ngobuchule imiculo eyinkimbinkimbi, beyihlomisa kakhulu ngamavesi ahlukahlukene nama-melismas.

Ngamunye M. kanye. ine-timbre engokwemvelo (uhlamvu, umbala) yomsindo, othize. Amandla ashukumisayo kanye nohlu oluthile lwemisindo. Ikhwalithi yomsindo engu-M. kanye. kuncike ezintweni ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwethuluzi, umumo onikezwe wona (okungukuthi, yonke idatha yobukhulu bezingxenye, amaqoqo) futhi ingashintshwa kusetshenziswa isengezo. amadivaysi (isb. thulisa), decomp. amasu okukhipha umsindo (isibonelo, i-pizzicato, i-harmonic, njll.).

M. i. Kwamukelekile ngokwejwayelekile ukuhlukaniswa abantu kanye nochwepheshe. Eyokuqala yenziwa phakathi kwabantu futhi isetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kanye nobuciko bomculo. ukusebenza. Izinsimbi ezifanayo zingaba ngezomuntu oyedwa noma abantu abahlukene, ezihlobene ngokobuhlanga. isihlobo noma ubude besikhathi. othintana nabo ngokomlando namasiko. Ngakho-ke, e-Ukraine kuphela kukhona i-bandura, futhi eGeorgia - i-panduri ne-chonguri. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, empumalanga. Ama-Slavs - amaRussia, ama-Ukrainian, ama-Belarusians - esikhathini esidlule futhi manje asebenzisa amathuluzi avamile - i-gusli, i-sniffle (i-sniffle, ipayipi), i-zhaleika (uphondo), i-bagpipe (dudu), i-wheel lyre, e-Azerbaijan nase-Armenia - saz, tar, kemancha , zurnu, duduk; e-Uzbekistan naseTajikistan, cishe zonke izinsimbi ziyafana. UProf. Iningi lamathuluzi ladalwa njengomphumela wokuthuthukiswa nokulungiswa kwe-nar. amathuluzi. Ngakho, isibonelo, esikhathini esidlule, uNar kuphela. insimbi kwakuyi-violin, i-violin yesimanje yavela kubantu abalula kakhulu. umtshingo, kusukela ku-chalumeau yakudala - i-clarinet, njll. Ochwepheshe ngokuvamile bahlanganisa uM. kanye., okuyingxenye ye-symphony. (i-opera), umoya kanye ne-est. ama-orchestra, kanye nethusi nezintambo. amakhibhodi (i-ogani, upiyano, esikhathini esidlule - i-harpsichord, i-clavichord). Emazweni amaningana (i-India, i-Iran, iTurkey, i-China, njll.) badlala cishe izinsimbi zomculo wesintu kuphela, futhi ubuciko bokudlala ezinsimbini ezinjalo ziyizibonelo zobungcweti obuphezulu kulawa mazwe. Kodwa-ke, kumongo we-European music orchestral ikakhulukazi amasiko ekhibhodi, ahlobene ngokofuzo ngokuqondile namasiko abantu, ahlukaniswa ngokusemthethweni njengo-prof. M. kanye.; umklamo wabo, ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe kanye nobuciko-express. izici seziphelelisiwe.

Ukuvela kukaM. ngeyakudala. Ezinye zazo, isb. izimpondo nemitshingo yakudala eyenziwe ngethambo, abavubukuli bathola ngesikhathi kumbiwa izindawo zokuhlala zabantu zenkathi ye-Paleolithic. ezikhumbuzo ze-Neolithic. enkathini kukhona izigubhu ezihlangothini olulodwa, umhlanga womoya (njengetshali noma i-chalumeau), ama-xylophone asendulo kanye nemitshingo enezimbobo zokudlala. Izintambo zivele kamuva kunabanye. M. i. – amahabhu alula, amise okwelute futhi amise okwe-tanbur, kodwa ayaziwa futhi kubantu abathile kudala ngaphambi kuka-BC. e. Kunemibono ehlukene yemvelaphi ka-M. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ekuqaleni lawa kwakungamathuluzi okubonisa futhi ayexhumene ngandlela thize nezinqubo zomsebenzi womuntu wakudala. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kuboniswa yizinto zemivubukulo, kakade ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa komphakathi wesintu, kwakukhona amathuluzi enza umculo nobuhle kuphela. umsebenzi: imitshingo enezimbobo zokudlala, okukuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe imisindo yobude obuhlukahlukene besikali esinqunyiwe (esibonisa ukuvela kwesistimu yomculo enengqondo), izintambo. izinsimbi ezilungele ukudlala umculo kuphela, dec. izinhlobo ze-castanet ezihambisana nemidanso eyodwa neyeqembu, njll. Ngosizo lokuvuthela umculo. ukusebenza kungasebenzisa amapayipi esignali nezimpondo.

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwe-M. kanye., ukunothiswa kwamathuluzi kwahamba ngokuqondile. ukuxhumana nentuthuko evamile yesintu, isiko laso, umculo, ukwenza. izicelo kanye namasu okukhiqiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye ze-M. kanye., ngenxa yezinto ezingavamile zokuklama kwazo, zehlele kithi ngendlela yazo yasekuqaleni (isibonelo, ama-castanets amatshe ase-Uzbek - kayrak), amanye athuthukisiwe, amanye ama-M. kanye. nezidingo zobuhle, zayeka ukusetshenziswa futhi zathathelwa indawo ezintsha. Inombolo nenhlobonhlobo ye-M. kanye. kwanda kakhulu. Muses. ubuciko, ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa, budinga izindlela ezifanele zokukhuluma, nezinsimbi zomculo ezithuthuke kakhulu, zibe nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo komculo. ubuhlakani nokusebenza. icala. Nokho, hhayi njalo degree of ukuhlukahluka kanye lobuchwepheshe. M.'s uthi kanye. ingasebenza njengesilinganiso sezinga lomculo. isiko. Abanye abantu, bakhetha i-wok. umculo, wadala uM. kanye. ngamanani alinganiselwe futhi wawasebenzisa Ch. ar. njengekwaya ehambisana nayo. ukucula. Okunjalo, isibonelo, impahla. i-chonguri ne-panduri, noma okuwukuphela kwayo, empeleni, i-kurai phakathi kwamaBashkirs namakhomy phakathi kwamaYakuts. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhono lokudlala i-kurai ne-khomys, nomculo odlalwa kuzo, kwafinyelela ukuphelela okukhulu phakathi kwalaba bantu.

Ngokucacile kakhulu ukuxhumana kukaM. ngobuhlakani kanye nokusebenza, ukukhetha kanye nokwenza ngcono kwabo kungalandelelwa emkhakheni we-prof. umculo (emculweni wesintu, lezi zinqubo zihamba kancane kakhulu, futhi izinsimbi zomculo zihlala zingashintshiwe noma zishintshile kancane amakhulu eminyaka). Ngakho, emakhulwini 15-16. ama-fidel (viels) anomsindo wawo okhahlayo athathelwa indawo amaviols anomsindo opholile, ama-matte timbre, “abazisayo”. Ngekhulu le-17-18. mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-harmonic ye-homophonic. isitayela nokuvela komculo odinga ukusebenza okuhlukahlukene okuguquguqukayo, i-viola yathathelwa indawo i-violin nomndeni wayo, enomsindo ogqamile, ozwakalayo kanye namathuba okudlala i-virtuoso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nama-violas, umtshingo opholile, kodwa “ongaphili” onomsindo, nobude besikhathi eside awuzange usetshenziswe, wanikezwa ithuba lomtshingo oguquguqukayo onomsindo kakhulu futhi ohamba ngokobuchwepheshe. Ngaso leso sikhathi, umculo waseYurophu wawungasasetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni nasekuqeqesheni i-orchestra. ilute nezinhlobonhlobo zayo - i- theorbo ne- chitarron (i-arch-lute), kanti emculweni wasekhaya ilute yathathelwa indawo i-vihuela, kwase kuba isiginci. Ukuze con. Ikhulu le-18 i-harpsichord yathathelwa indawo yi-M. entsha kanye. – upiyano.

Umculo womculo kaProf., uma kubhekwa inkimbinkimbi yokuklanywa kwawo, kuncike kakhulu emculweni wesintu ekuthuthukisweni kwawo esimweni sesayensi nezindlela zokukhiqiza eziqondile—ukuba khona kwamamyuziyamu. izimboni nezitshalo ezinamalabhorethri azo okuhlola kanye nabenzi bamathuluzi abanamakhono. Okuhlukile kuphela izinsimbi ze-violin. imindeni edinga ukukhiqizwa komuntu ngamunye. Amaviyolini, ama-cellos, amabhesi aphindwe kabili athuthukisiwe ngesisekelo samasampula abantu abadumile beBrescia kanye neCremonese masters ekhulwini le-16-18. (G. da Salo, G. Magini, N. Amati, A. Stradivari, Guarneri del Gesù, nabanye) basalokhu bengenakuqhathaniswa ngokufaneleka kwabo. Intuthuko ejulile kakhulu ka-prof. M. i. kwenzeka ngekhulu le-18 nele-19. Ukudalwa kuka-T. Böhm komklamo omusha womtshingo onohlelo lwe-valve (imodeli yokuqala yavela ngo-1832) kwandise amathuba okudala abaqambi futhi kwaba nesandla ekuthuthukisweni kobuciko bokusebenza kwekhonsathi eyedwa. Uguquko lwangempela lwenziwa ukubonakala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. ama-valve mechanics ezinsimbini zethusi. Ngenxa yalokhu, baphenduka kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi. yemvelo M. kanye. (ngenani elikhawulelwe lemisindo futhi ngenxa yalokho amathuba anomkhawulo) ku-chromatic, ekwaziyo, njengemimoya yokhuni, yokuphinda ikhiqize noma yimuphi umculo. I-Root stylist. ushintsho emculweni wazo zonke izinhlobo zezinsimbi zekhibhodi ezinezintambo zenzeka ngokufika kwe-hammer-piano, eyathatha indawo yehabhu ne-clavichord. Ngokusungulwa kukagesi nomsakazo, ukwakhiwa kwezinsimbi zomculo zikagesi kwaba nokwenzeka.

Ngokwezinga elincane (ngenxa yokugqoka komuntu ngamunye) zincike ezingeni lobuchwepheshe. M. i. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nalapha, ngaphandle kokukhiqizwa kwezandla ezithuthukisiwe ngokwanele kanye nokukhiqizwa kwefekthri, akunakwenzeka ukukhiqiza i-harmonicas ngobuningi, i-balalaika ethuthukisiwe ye-"Andreev" ne-domras (eRussia), izinsimbi ze-tamburash (iCzechoslovakia ne-Yugoslavia), i-tarogata (iHungary ne-Romania), njll. Ukuthuthukiswa kwabantu. M. i. incike ngokuqondile ezimweni zezenhlalo zomphakathi. E-USSR, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwe-nat. i-art-va, kanye nokukhuphuka okujwayelekile komnotho kanye nesiko lama-bunks abanzi. izixuku kuma-republic nasezifundeni ezizimele zaqala ukudala eziningi. instr. amaqoqo, waqala umsebenzi wokuvuselela, ukwakhiwa kabusha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamabhinki. U-M. kanye., ukuklama imindeni yabo ukuze ihlanganiswe kanye nokusebenza kwe-orchestra, u-to-rogo wayengazi ngaphambili. abantu. Igxilile hhayi kuphela ku-prof. futhi uzenzele wena ngokwakho. ukusebenza kwe-solo kanye neqoqo, kodwa futhi kubantu. impilo yomculo efana ne-M. kanye. uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe, njenge-bandura e-Ukraine, amasimbali e-Belarus, ama-kankles kanye ne-birbin e-Lithuania, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamakaneli e-Estonia, i-dutar, i-Kashgar rubab kanye nokushintsha e-Uzbekistan, i-dombra e-Kazakhstan, njll.

Mayelana nokwandiswa kwe-repertoire yezimfundamakhwela. kanye nophrof. ama-ensembles nama-orchestra amathuluzi, ukufakwa komculo kuwo. ama-classics kanye nemikhiqizo abaqambi besimanje (kuhlanganise namafomu amakhulu), kanye nangenxa yokukhuphuka okujwayelekile kwesiko lomculo labantu base-USSR, abadlali, ama-ensembles nama-orchestra abantu. amathuluzi aqala ukusebenzisa ubuningi kanye no-prof. M. i. - isiginci, inkinobho ye-accordion, i-accordion, i-violin, i-clarinet, kanye nokunye. amacala - umtshingo, icilongo kanye netrombone.

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Typological of M.'s ekhona emhlabeni futhi. enkulu. Ukwenza uhlelo lwe-M. kanye., luhlanganiswe ngamaqembu ngokusho kwe-c.-l. izici zesici. Izinhlelo ezindala kakhulu zokuhlukanisa ngamaNdiya namaShayina; eyokuqala ihlukanisa uM. kanye. ngokwendlela yokuthakazelisa komsindo, okwesibili - ngokohlobo lwento eyenziwa ngayo insimbi. Ngokuvamile kuyamukelwa ukuhlukanisa i-M. kanye. zibe ngamaqembu ama-3: umoya, izintambo nokushaywa. Amaqembu, wona, ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amancane: umoya - ube ngokhuni nethusi, nentambo - ibe yi-plupped futhi ikhothelwe. Umthombo womsindo wezinsimbi zomoya yikholomu yomoya evalwe emseleni womgqomo, izinsimbi zomculo wezintambo - intambo eluliwe; Iqembu lokushaywa lakhiwe izinsimbi lapho umsindo ukhiqizwa khona ngokushaywa. Kuphrof. umoya. izinsimbi zokhuni zifaka umtshingo, i-oboe, i-clarinet, i-bassoon nezinhlobo zazo (umtshingo we-piccolo, uphondo lwesiNgisi, i-bassclarinet, i-contrabassoon), kanye nomndeni wama-saxophone nama-sarisophone. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezinye izinsimbi (umtshingo yesimanje kanye piccolo umtshingo, saxophones, sarusophones) zenziwe ngensimbi, kanti ezinye (clarinet, oboe) ngezinye izikhathi zenziwe ngepulasitiki, zihambisana ngokugcwele nemimoya yokhuni mayelana isizinda umsindo kanye nezici zomculo jikelele. Phakathi kwezinsimbi zomdabu zaleli qembu elincane kukhona i-Uzbek-Taj. U-Nai, u-Karelian Lira no-Luddu, isi-Latvian. eGanurags, Buryat. bishkur. Iqembu elincane lezinsimbi zomoya zethusi (zibuye zibizwe ngokuthi i-embouchure noma i-mouthpiece) lihlanganisa icilongo, uphondo, i-trombone, i-tuba, nezinsimbi zomoya. orchestra (byugelhorns kanye flugelhorns), kusukela nar. – Uzbek-Taj. I-Karnay, i-Ukraine (Hutsul) trembita, Isikhunta. buchum, est. sarv, rus. Izimpondo zikaVladimir. Nakuba cishe zonke ziwukhuni, ngokwendlela umsindo okhishwa ngayo kanye nesimilo sawo, azihluke kakhulu kwezethusi. Iqembu elincane lezintambo ezikhishiwe liqukethe ihabhu, isiginci, i-mandolin, isiKazakh. dombra, Turkm. dutar, rus. i-gusli kanye nohlobo olufanayo lwe-est. Kannel, isi-Latvian. kokle, lit. kankles, Karelian kantele. Abakhotheme bahlanganisa i-violin nomndeni wayo (i-viola, i-cello, i-double bass), i-Azeri. qaphela, qi. kyyak, Tuvan byzanchi, Mari kovyzh. Iqembu lokushaywa lakhiwe ngabaningi nabahlukahlukene abakwa-M. ngolwelwesi lwesikhumba (i-timpani, izigubhu, amathamborini) noma ezenziwe ngezinto ezikwazi ukuzikhalela ngokwazo (amasimbali, i-gong, unxantathu, ixylophone, ama-castanets, njll.). Amagama ekhibhodi i-harpsichord, i-pianoforte (upiyano olukhulu, upiyano oluqondile), isitho, i-harmonium, njll.

Ezincwadini zezinsimbi zesayensi sebenzisa izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa futhi ezinembe kakhulu (bona. imininingwane eyengeziwe ku-Art. Instrumentation), okuvumela ukuveza ngokugcwele nangokubanzi ingqikithi yohlobo ngalunye lwe-M. futhi. Okudume kakhulu uhlelo, isisekelo salo esabekwa nguF. I-Gevaart (“Nouveau traité d'instrumentation”, P. - Brux., 1885) yabe ithuthukiswa nguV. Маийоном (“Ikhathalogi echazayo nehlaziyayo ye-Instrumental Museum of the Royal Conservatory of Music in Brussels”, v. 1-5, Ghent 1893-1922). Izici ezichazayo zokuhlukaniswa ohlelweni ziwumthombo womsindo kanye nendlela okhishwa ngayo; esinye isigaba M. futhi. kukhiqizwa ngokuhambisana nezici zabo zokuklama. Okuyinhloko imigomo yokuhlukaniswa kwe-Gevaart ne-Mayon, ngokwesilinganiso. amadigri amukelwa futhi athuthukiswa ngokucophelela kamuva ngu-E. Hornbostel futhi K. Ama-Sachs (“Systematik der Musikinstrumente”, “Zeitschrift für Ethnologie”, 1914, (Jahrg.) 46), asetshenziswa kakhulu ku-Sov. i-instrumentation (ngaphandle kokuchotshozwa ngokweqile kwezinsimbi zibe izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo). Ngokohlelo olwamukelwa e-USSR, uM. futhi. ahlukaniswe ngokomthombo womsindo abe ngamaqembu ama-4: umoya (ama-aerophone), izintambo (ama-chordophone), ulwelwesi (ama-membranophone) nezizwakalayo (ama-idiophone noma ama-autophone). Umthombo womsindo we-Membrane yisikhumba esinwetshiwe noma esinyeni sesilwane, ezizwakalayo - izinto ezigcizelelwe ngaphakathi okwenziwa ngazo insimbi noma ingxenye yaso enomsindo. Ngokwendlela yokukhipha umsindo, izinsimbi zomoya zihlukaniswa ngamakhibhodi omtshingo, umhlanga, umlomo kanye nezinsimbi zomtshingo. Imitshingo ihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zemitshingo: okumise okwe-ocarina, i-longitudinal (insimbi ibanjwe endaweni yobude) kanye ne-transverse (insimbi ibanjwe endaweni ephambene). I-Ocarinoid - lezi yizo zonke izinhlobo ze-vascular whistles nama-ocarinas; ama-longitudinal ahlukaniswe abe avulekile, lapho kuzo zombili iziphetho ze-trunk zivulekile (bashk. Kuray, Turkmen. tuyduk, Adyghe kamyl, abkh. apkhertsa), ikhwela (block-flyer, Belarusian. ipayipi, i-Russian sopel, i-dag. i-kshul, i-Altai shogur), uhlobo lomtshingo we-pan enemigqomo eminingi (gr. i-larchemi noma i-soinari, isikhunta. iningi, i-svyril yase-Ukraine, kuim-chipsan yabantu baseKomi); phakathi edume kunazo transverse yesimanje. uphrof. imitshingo, Uzbek-Taj. nai, tuvinskaya lembi, buryat. limbo. Amathuluzi omhlanga ahlukaniswe abe amathuluzi anolimi lwamahhala (i-Mari lyshtash evela eqabungeni le-bird cherry, i-Adjarian sapratsuna evela eqabungeni le-walnut, isi-Ukraine. luska from horn otschen, Latvian. i-birzstaase ngesimo sepuleti ye-birch bark), ngolimi olulodwa olushayayo (i-clarinet, i-saxophone, i-Rus. umbhobho, umbhobho noma umbhobho, est. Roopill, lit. birbin), ngolimi olushaya kabili (oboe, bassoon, saryusophone, azerb. kanye nengalo. Duduk i zurna, Uzb.-taj. icilongo, buryat. bishkur), enomhlanga oshelelayo (zonke izinhlobo ze-harmonicas ne-harmonium; lezi zinsimbi empeleni zizishaya ngokwazo, okungukuthi ngoba banolimi ngokwalo, kodwa ngokwesiko bahlukaniswa njengezinsimbi ezifuthwayo). Izicucu zomlomo zihlanganisa amathuluzi, lapho i-exciter ye-oscillations yekholomu yomoya izindebe zomdlali, ezixhunywe emlonyeni (umlomo) wombhobho futhi, ngokufanele, isikhathi (prof. izinsimbi zethusi, abantu - izimpondo, izimpondo namapayipi).

Iqembu leyunithi yezinhlamvu liqukethe izinsimbi ezimpontshiwe, ezikhotheme nezishaywayo. Ekuqaleni, umsindo ukhishwa ngokukhipha intambo ngepeni, umunwe, i-plectrum (i-spinet, i-harpsichord, ihabhu, isiginci, i-balalaika, i-Kazakh dombra, i-mandolin); kwabakhotheme - kungaba ngomnsalo (izinsimbi zomculo wevayolini, i-Armenian kamani, i-chuniri yaseGeorgia, i-Ossetian kissyn-fandyr, i-Kirg. kyyak, i-Kazakh. kobyz), noma isondo lokushayisana (i-wheel lyre), nakuyi-percussion - ngokushaya intambo enesando noma izinti (i-clavichord, i-fp., amasimbali, isi-Armenian nesiGeorgia santur noma i-santuri).

Iqembu le-membrane liqukethe amathuluzi anolwelwesi olululwe ngokuqinile, lapho ashaya khona ngesandla, i-mallet, noma enze umsindo ngendlela engqubuzanayo (ithamborini, i-timpani, izigubhu, i-Ukrainian bugay ne-Mold. thump). Ulwelwesi luhlanganisa nama-mirlitons – amathuluzi anolwelwesi, akhulisa futhi afake imibala yezwi lomculi nge-timbre ekhethekile (i-Ukrainian Ocheretyna, Chuvash. I-Turana sea otters, ikamu elivamile eligoqwe ngephepha lethishu lokukama izinwele). Inqwaba yezinsimbi ezizishayayo ihlukaniswe yaba yi-plucked (vargan kukho konke ukuguqulwa kwayo), i-percussion (ixylophone, i-metallophone, i-celesta, i-gong, amasimbali, unxantathu, izinsimbi ze-orc, i-jingulis yaseLithuania, i-Kabardino-Balkarian ne-Adyghe pkhachich), ukungqubuzana (Est. kraatspill and pingpill, Abkh akunjjapkhyartsa, Dag chang-chugur).

Amaqembu akhethekile amathuluzi omshini kanye ne-electrophonic. Kwemishini, umdlalo udlalwa kusetshenziswa umshini osongayo noma kagesi, ukuzungezisa i-shaft ngesandla, i-electrophonic ihlukaniswe yaba yizinsimbi eziguquliwe (izinsimbi ezivamile ezifakwe idivayisi yokukhulisa umsindo) kanye ne-electronics, umthombo wawo womsindo. ukudlidliza kagesi (bheka Izinsimbi zomculo zikagesi).

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K. A. Vertkov, S. Ya. Levin