I-Diatonic |
kusukela ku-dia yesiGreki - ngokusebenzisa, kanye ne-tonos - ithoni (ithoni yonke), izinhlamvu - ezihamba ngamathoni
Uhlelo lwemisindo eyisikhombisa, yonke imisindo engahlelwa ngokwesihlanu okuphelele. Okunjalo, isibonelo, ukulandelana kwezikhawu kwesinye isiGreki. i-diatonic tetrachord: e1 – d1 – c1 – h (amathoni amabili aphelele ne-semitone), ngokungafani nokulandelana kwezikhawu zechromatic. i-tetrachord e1 – des1 – c 1 – h (awekho amathoni aphelele). I-Diatonic yilezo zikhathi kanye nama-chords angatholakala phakathi kochungechunge lwezingxenye eziyisithupha (isibonelo sinikezwe kukhiye we-C-dur):
(kwesinye isikhathi i-tritone njengento ehlukile yesine emsulwa noma ingxenye yesihlanu emsulwa ayithathwa njenge-diatonic, kodwa njengesikhawu se-chromatic).
Kunobudlelwane obuqinile phakathi kwenani lezikhawu zohlobo olufanayo kanye nenani lezinyathelo zesihlanu (Q) ezakha lesi sikhawu ngo-D omsulwa. Inombolo ebonisa ukuthi isikhawu esinikeziwe senzeka kangaki ohlelweni ilingana nomehluko. phakathi kwenani eliphelele lemisindo ohlelweni kanye nenani lezinyathelo zesihlanu:
h. kuqala, h. i-octave (0Q) yenzeka izikhathi eziyisi-7 (7-0), h. okwesihlanu, h. iquart (1Q) yenzeka izikhathi eziyisi-6 (7-1), b. okwesibili, m. okwesikhombisa (2Q) kwenzeka izikhathi eziyisi-5 (7-2), b. okwesithupha, m. okwesithathu (3Q) kwenzeka ka-4 (7-3), b. okwesithathu, m. okwesithupha (4Q) kwenzeka izikhathi ezi-3 (7-4), b. okwesikhombisa, m. okwesibili (5Q) kwenzeka izikhathi ezingu-2 (7-5), i-tritone (6Q) ivela isikhathi esingu-1 (7-6).
Izikhawu nazo zibhekwa njenge-diatonic kulezo zimo lapho zenziwe ngezinyathelo ezishintshwe ngokwechromatically (isibonelo, i-as-b iyithoni ephelele ye-diatonic, kokubili ngaphandle komongo kanye nokhiye, isibonelo, ku-C-dur). Okufanayo kuyasebenza kuma-chords (isb., i-ges-b-des ku-C-dur iyi-diatonic chord esikalini esingesona se-diatonic). Ngakho-ke, i-GL Catoire ihlukanisa i-chromatic chord. empeleni (ngokwesibonelo, d-fis-as-c) kanye ne-chromatic. ngesikhundla (isibonelo, des-f-as kokuthi C-dur). Izindlela eziningi zamaGreki zasendulo ziyi-diatonic, kanye nezindlela zenkathi ephakathi nezinye izindlela zemvelo, okuhlanganisa izindlela ezisabalele manje ze-Ionian (ezemvelo) kanye ne-Aeolian (encane yemvelo):
Ngomqondo obanzi, okuthiwa. izindlela ze-diatonic ezinombandela, izindlela eziguquguqukayo ze-diatonic, amasistimu nezikali (bona imodi). Kwezinye zalezi zindlela, kanye namathoni nama-semitones, ukukhuliswa nakho kungena. okwesibili.
I-Anhemitonic pentatonic (ngokusho kwegama elithi Catoire, "protodiatonic") kanye neNkathi Ephakathi. ama-hexachords angahunyushwa njenge-diatonic engaphelele. izinhlelo.
Kwesinye isikhathi amasistimu wemisindo eyi-12 (izinyathelo eziyi-12) abizwa ngokuthi i-diatonic, isinyathelo ngasinye lapho sithathwa njengesizimele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, incazelo ehlukile ifakwa emcabangweni othi D.: D. njengesethi yesisekelo. izinyathelo (AS Ogolevets, MM Skorik).
Kwesinye isiGreki. Umculo we-D. wawungesinye sezimo ezintathu zemodal (“genera”), kanye ne-chromaticity, esebenzise imizuzwana emincane emibili ilandelana, kanye nokwanda. okwesibili, kanye nama-anharmonics, okucacisiwe okwakuyizikhawu ezingaphansi kwe-semitone. Kulesi siGreki umculo ufana namanye amasiko asendulo e-monophonic, ikakhulukazi lawo aseMpumalanga Eseduze naseMedithera.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-D. zakha isisekelo saseNtshonalanga Yurophu. kanye nobuciko bengoma yesintu yaseRussia, kanye no-prof. Umculo waseYurophu (ingoma kaGregory), ikakhulukazi ngemva kokugunyazwa kwe-polyphony njengohlobo lomculo oluhamba phambili. isethulo. i-harmonic ukuhlanganiswa kwamazwi kwenziwa ngokuyinhloko ngosizo lwesenzo sokuxhuma sama-consonances alula - okwesihlanu nokwesine, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwezwi lesine kwamazwi kunomthelela ekubonakalisweni kwe-diatonic. ubudlelwano.
Isistimu yama-hexachords, esabalele kusukela esikhathini sika-Guido d'Arezzo (bona i-Solmization), yalungiswa ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-diatonic evamile. ukuhlukahluka kwe-modal yesistimu (ikakhulukazi kumashifu
-mol futhi
-durum, okungukuthi b kanye no-h). Ukuhlukahluka okufanayo kwe-modal nakho kuyisici sesiRashiya. umculo wesonto (h ngezansi no-b ngenhla, bheka “isikali sansuku zonke” esibonelweni esingenhla). Okuhlobene nalokhu umkhuba wokuphawula amazwi ngoDec. izinhlamvu ezibalulekile, isib. ngaphandle kwezimpawu ngephimbo eliphezulu nelinye isicaba ngaphansi.
G. de Macho. I-Ballad 1. Ci comencent les balades ou il ha chant, imigoqo 1-3.
Ngokusungulwa kokubusa kwe- “harmonic. tonality”—okukhulu nokuncane (kusukela ngekhulu le-17), uhlobo olusha lokushaywa kwezinsimbi, olusekelwe ku-func. uhlelo lwama-triad amathathu ayinhloko - ama-tonic, ama-dominants nama-subdominants, axhunywe ubuhlobo obuqinile besihlanu. Ikhawulela ukufakwa phakathi kwemodi okusekelwe ku-func. ukuvumelana kuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-chord-harmonic entsha. ukuxhumeka kwamathoni emodi (ngokwesibonelo, ku-C-dur, ithoni d ixhunywe ne-prima ye-tonic ngokusebenzisa ithoni eyinhloko ye-g, ithoni u-e - eyingxenye ye-tonic triad, f - njengethoni eyinhloko. kwe-subdominant, njll.), etholakala ngokulandelana kwamachords (ngokwethiyori ifakazelwa ngu-JF Rameau). Ama-non-diatonic Elements kanye ne-chromatics akhiwa kusisekelo sika-D. kokubili ngokucula nangokuvumelanayo-ngokuvumelanayo ngokushintsha, ukuxutshwa kwezinsimbi ze-diatonic ezingafani. izakhi ngokulandelana nangesikhathi esisodwa (polydiatonic).
Ngo-19 - cela. Ekhulwini lama-20, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-D. endala yavuselelwa futhi uD. Nar. ishede futhi eduze kwayo (ku-F. Chopin, F. Liszt, E. Grieg, K. Debussy, ikakhulukazi kubaqambi baseRussia - MI Glinka, MA Balakirev, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, MP Mussorgsky nabanye).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona ukushintshela ku-chromaticity njengesisekelo sesakhiwo sokuphakama. Ukuqala kwale nqubo kwabekwa ngu-“Tristan” ngu-R. Wagner. Kushintshwe ngokuphelele kubuningi bechromatic. abaqambi bekhulu lama-20, ikakhulukazi abameleli besikole esisha saseViennese.
AK Lyadov. Izingoma zomdabu zaseRussia eziyisishiyagalombili. III. I-Drawstring.
Emculweni wekhulu lama-20 izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-D. zisetshenziswa: D. nar. i-warehouse, eduze ne-classic. ezinkulu nezincane; D. ekuwohlokeni. ukuguqulwa, i-polylady, i-polydiatonic. izinhlanganisela (IF Stravinsky, SV Rachmaninov, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, B. Bartok). Ngokuvamile u-D. uhlala kuphela njengesisekelo, ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kweveli (SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, P. Hindemith), noma ibonakala njengengxenye ebalulekile ye-non-diatonic. izakhiwo (izinkambu ze-diatonic zimakwe kubakaki):
SS Prokofiev. “Ukuthembisana endlini yezindela” (“Duenna”). Isithombe sesi-2, isiphetho.
References: I-Serov AN, ingoma yabantu baseRussia njengesihloko sesayensi, "Inkathi Yomculo", 1869/70, No 18, 1870/71, No 6 no-13; U-Petr VI, Ezingomeni, izakhiwo nezindlela zomculo wasendulo wamaGreki, K., 1901; Catuar GL, Inkambo yethiyori yokuvumelana, ingxenye 1, M., 1924; Tyulin Yu. N., Ukufundisa ngokuvumelana, ingxenye 1, L., 1937, 1966; eyakhe, Izindlela Zemvelo nezokuguqulela, M., 1971; Ogolevets AS, Okuyisisekelo kolimi lwe-harmonic, M.-L., 1941; I-Kastalsky AD, Okuyisisekelo se-polyphony yabantu, M.-L., 1948; I-Sposobin IV, i-Elementary theory of music, M., 1951, 1958; Kushnarev XS, Imibuzo yomlando kanye nethiyori yomculo we-Armenian monodic, L., 1958; Berkov VO, Harmony, ingxenye 1, M., 1962; 1970; I-Skorik MM, i-Prokofiev ne-Schoenberg, "SM", 1962, No 1; I-Karklin LA, Yenza isipiliyoni esisebenzayo, "SM", 1965, No 7; Sohor AH, Ngemvelo Namathuba Avezwayo e-Diatonicism, kokuthi: Imibuzo Yetiyori kanye Ne-Aesthetics Yomculo, vol. 4, L.-M., 1965; Sposobin IV, Izinkulumo ngenkambo yokuvumelana, M., 1969; I-Kotlyarevsky IA, i-Diatonics ne-Chromatics njengeSigaba se-Musical Myslennia, i-Kipv, i-1971; Bochkareva O., Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-diatonic emculweni wesimanje, ku: Music and Modernity, vol. 7, M., 1971; I-Sigitov S., isistimu ye-modal ye-Bela Bartok yenkathi yakamuva yokudala, eqoqweni: Izinkinga zemodi, M., 1972.
Yu. H. Kholopov
