Ukukhuluma |

lat. i-articulatio, kusukela ku-articulo - dismember, i-articulate

Indlela yokwenza ukulandelana kwemisindo entweni noma ezwini; kunqunywa ukuhlanganiswa noma ukunqanyulwa kwalokhu kwakamuva. Isikali samadigri okuhlanganisa nokuhlukaniswa sisuka ku-legatissimo (ubuningi bokuhlangana kwemisindo) siye ku-staccatissimo (ubukhulu obufushane bemisindo). Ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu—ukuhlangana kwemisindo (i-legato), ukuhlukaniswa kwayo (okungeyona i-legato), kanye nobufushane bayo (i-staccato), ngayinye yazo ehlanganisa izithunzi eziningi ezimaphakathi zika-A. Ezinsimbini ezikhotheme, u-A. ukuqhuba umnsalo, nasezinsimbini zomoya, ngokulawula ukuphefumula, kumakhibhodi - ngokukhipha umunwe kukhiye, ekuculeni - ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusebenzisa i-vocal apparatus. Ekubhalweni komculo u-A. ukhonjiswa ngamagama (ngaphandle kwalawo ashiwo ngenhla) tenuto, portato, marcato, spiccato, pizzicato, njll. noma umfanekiso. izimpawu - amaligi, imigqa evundlile, amachashazi, imigqa eqondile (ezinhlelo zekhulu lesi-3), ama-wedges (okubonisa i-staccato ebukhali kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18) kanye nokubola. inhlanganisela yalezi zinhlamvu (isb.),

or

Ngaphambilini, u-A. waqala ukuqoka (cishe kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17) ekukhiqizeni. ngezinsimbi ezikhotheme (ngendlela yamaligi ngaphezu kwamanothi angu-2, okufanele adlalwe ngaphandle kokushintsha umnsalo, axhunyiwe). Ekukhiqizeni izinsimbi zekhibhodi kufika ku-JS Bach, u-A. wayengavamile ukuboniswa. Emculweni we-ogani, umqambi nomculi waseJalimane u-S. Scheidt ube ngomunye wabokuqala abasebenzisa iziqalo zokuphimisa ku-New Tablature yakhe. (“Tabulatura nova”, 1624) wasebenzisa amaligi; lokhu okusha kubonwe nguye njengokuthi "kulingisa abadlali be-violin". Uhlelo lokuqokwa kwe-arabia lwathuthukiswa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18.

Imisebenzi ka-A. ihlukene futhi ivamise ukuhlobene eduze nesigqi, i-dynamic, i-timbre, nezinye izinkulumo zomculo. kusho, kanye nomlingisi ojwayelekile wamamuse. umkhiqizo. Omunye wemisebenzi ebalulekile ka-A. uhlukile; okungafani no-A. mus. ukwakhiwa kunomthelela ekuhlukaniseni kwabo usizo. Isibonelo, ukwakheka komculo we-Bach kuvame ukuvezwa ngosizo luka-A.: amanothi esikhathi esifushane adlalwa ngokushelela kunamanothi esikhathi eside, izikhawu ezibanzi zihlukaniswa kakhulu kunomnyakazo wesibili. Kwesinye isikhathi lawa maqhinga afingqwa, njengokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, endikimbeni yokusungulwa kwezwi elingu-2 lika-Bach ku-F-dur (ehlelwe ngu-Busoni):

Kodwa umehluko ungafinyelelwa ngezindlela ezihlehlayo, njengesibonelo, endikimbeni yekhonsathi ka-Beethoven's c-moll:

Lapho kwethulwa ukunyundela emishwaneni (ngekhulu le-19), imisho yaqala ukudideka nemisho, ngakho-ke u-H. Riemann nabanye abacwaningi baveza isidingo somehluko oqinile phakathi kwawo. G. Keller, ezama ukuthola lowo mehluko, wabhala ukuthi “ukuxhumana okunengqondo kwebinzana kunqunywa umushwana wodwa, nokugqama kwawo—ngokuphimisela.” Abanye abacwaningi baphikisa ngokuthi u-A. ucacisa amayunithi amancane kakhulu eminyuziyamu. umbhalo, kuyilapho imisho ihlotshaniswa nencazelo futhi ngokuvamile izingcezwana ezivaliwe zomculo. Eqinisweni, i-A. ingenye yezindlela zokwenziwa kwemisho. Izikhova. i-oganist IA Braudo yaphawula ukuthi, ngokuphambene nombono wabacwaningi abaningi: 1) imisho kanye a. awahlanganiswa isigaba esijwayelekile, ngakho-ke kuyiphutha ukuwachaza ngokuhlukanisa umqondo ojwayelekile ongekho ube yizinhlobo ezimbili; 2) ukucinga umsebenzi othize ka-A. akukho emthethweni, njengoba kunengqondo. nemisebenzi evezayo ihlukene kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, iphuzu alikho ebunyeni bemisebenzi, kodwa ebunyeni bezindlela, ezisekelwe esilinganisweni sokuyeka nokuqhubekayo emculweni. Zonke izinqubo ezihlukahlukene ezenzeka “empilweni” yenothi elilodwa (ukuncipha, ukucula, ukudlidliza, ukufiphala kanye nokuyeka), u-Braudo uhlongoze ukubiza ama-muses. ukuphimisela ngomqondo obanzi wegama, kanye nebanga lezigigaba ezihambisana nokuguquka ukusuka kwelinye inothi elinomsindo ukuya kwelilandelayo, okuhlanganisa nokunqamuka komsindo ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi senothi, – ukuphimisela ngomqondo omncane wegama , noma A. Ngokuka-Braudo, ukuphimisela kuwumqondo ojwayelekile, okukodwa kwezinhlobo okungu-A.

References: Braudo I., I-Articulation, L., 1961.

LA Barenboim