Francesco Tamagno |

Francesco Tamagno

Umxoxi wezindaba omangalisayo u-Irakli Andronnikov waba nenhlanhla yokuba nabakhulumeli. Ngesinye isikhathi umakhelwane wakhe esibhedlela kwaba umlingisi ovelele Russian Alexander Ostuzhev. Bachitha izinsuku eziningi bexoxa. Ngandlela thize besikhuluma ngendima ka-Othello – enye yezingqwele emsebenzini weciko. Khona-ke u-Ostuzhev watshela u-interlocutor indaba ethakazelisayo.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, umculi odumile wase-Italy uFrancesco Tamagno wavakashela eMoscow, owamangaza wonke umuntu ngokusebenza kwakhe indima ka-Otello ku-Verdi opera yegama elifanayo. Amandla okungena ezwi lomculi ayezwakala emgwaqeni, abafundi abangenayo imali yethikithi bafika enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi bezolalela umculi omkhulu. Kuthiwa ngaphambi komdlalo, uTamagno wabopha isifuba sakhe nge-corset ekhethekile ukuze angaphefumuli kakhulu. Ngokuqondene nomdlalo wakhe, wenza isigcawu sokugcina ngekhono kangangokuthi izethameli zeqa ezihlalweni zazo ngesikhathi lapho umculi "ebhoboza" isifuba sakhe ngommese. Wadlula le ndima ngaphambi kokuqala (Tamagno waba umhlanganyeli ngowokuqala emhlabeni) kanye umqambi ngokwakhe. Abazibonele ngawabo bazigcinile izinkumbulo zendlela uVerdi amkhombisa ngayo umculi indlela yokugwaza ngobuchule. Ukucula kukaTamagno kushiye uphawu olungacimeki kubathandi nabaculi abaningi be-opera yaseRussia.

UK. Babelindele umculi onekhono - engasekho. U-Tamagno waphuma egqoke imvunulo ka-Othello, enomfanekiso wakhe omkhulu onamandla, futhi ngokushesha wangezwa ngenothi elicekela phansi. Isixuku ngokuzenzakalelayo, njengomuntu oyedwa, sahlehla, njengokungathi sizivikela ekushayweni kwegobolondo. Inothi lesibili - elinamandla nakakhulu, elesithathu, lesine - ngaphezulu nangaphezulu - futhi lapho, njengomlilo ovela emgodini, inothi lokugcina liphuma egameni elithi "Muslim-aa-nee", izethameli zalahlekelwa ukwazi imizuzu embalwa. Sagxuma sonke. Abangane babefunana. Abantu abangabazi baphendukela kubantu abangabazi ngombuzo ofanayo: “Nizwile? Yini?". I-orchestra yama. Ukudideka esiteji. Kodwa kungazelelwe, isanguluka, isixuku sagijima saya esiteji futhi sabhonga ngenxa yenjabulo, sifuna ukuphumela ngaphandle. UFedor Ivanovich Chaliapin naye wayenombono ophakeme womculi. Nansi indlela alandisa ngayo encwadini yakhe ethi “Pages from My Life” mayelana nokuvakashela kwakhe eLa Scala Theatre entwasahlobo ka-1891 (lapho i-bass ecula ngokunqobayo ku-“Mephistopheles” kaBoito) ukuze alalele umculi ovelele: “Ekugcineni, kuqhamuke uTamagno. Umbhali [umqambi manje osukhohliwe I. U-Lara acula kuyo i-opera uMessalina umculi – umhleli] umlungiselele ibinzana eliphumayo elimangalisayo. Wabangela ukuqhuma okuvumelanayo kwenjabulo emphakathini. I-Tamagno iyizwi eliyingqayizivele, ngingasho, izwi lakudala. Mude, mncane, muhle njengeciko njengoba engumculi oqavile.”

UFelia Litvin odumile naye wancoma ubuciko bomNtaliyane ovelele, okufakazelwa ngokucacile encwadini yakhe ethi “My Life and My Art”: “Ngaphinde ngezwa “uWilliam Tshela” noF. Tamagno endimeni ka-Arnold. Akunakwenzeka ukuchaza ubuhle bezwi lakhe, amandla akhe emvelo. I-trio kanye ne-aria ethi "O Matilda" yangijabulisa. Njengomlingisi odabukisayo, uTamagno wayengenakulinganiswa. ”

Umdwebi omkhulu waseRussia u-Valentin Serov, owamazisa umculi kusukela ehlala e-Italy, lapho amlalela khona, futhi evame ukuhlangana naye endaweni yaseMamontov, wapenda isithombe sakhe, esaba ngomunye wabangcono kakhulu emsebenzini womdwebi ( 1891, esasayinwa ngo-1893). U-Serov wakwazi ukuthola isenzo esimangalisayo (ikhanda eliphakamise ngamabomu ngokuziqhenya), elibonisa ngokuphelele ingqikithi yobuciko yesiNtaliyane.

Lezi zinkumbulo zingaqhubeka. Umculi wavakashela eRussia ngokuphindaphindiwe (hhayi eMoscow kuphela, kodwa naseSt. Petersburg ngo-1895-96). Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu manje, ngezinsuku zokugubha iminyaka engu-150 umculi, ukukhumbula indlela yakhe yokudala.

Wazalelwa eTurin ngoDisemba 28, 1850 futhi wayengomunye wabantwana abangu-15 emndenini womgcini wendlu yezihambi. Ebusheni bakhe, wasebenza njengombhaki ofundela umsebenzi, wabe esesebenza njengomkhandi wezikhiya. Waqala ukufundela ukucula eTurin noC. Pedrotti, umphathi webhendi weRegio Theatre. Wabe eseqala ukucula ekwayeni yale thiyetha. Ngemva kokukhonza empini, waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eMilan. Ukuqala komculi kwenzeka ngo-1869 ePalermo ku-opera kaDonizetti ethi "Polyeuctus" (ingxenye ye-Nearco, umholi wamaKristu ase-Armenia). Waqhubeka edlala indima encane kwaze kwaba ngu-1874, kwaze kwaba yilapho, ekugcineni, ePalermo Theatre "Massimo" impumelelo yeza kuye endimeni kaRichard (Riccardo) ku-opera kaVerdi ethi "Un ballo in maschera". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kwaqala ukukhuphuka okusheshayo komculi osemusha udumo. Ngo-1877 waqala ukucula eLa Scala (Vasco da Gama in Meyerbeer’s Le Africane), ngo-1880 wacula khona okokuqala ngqa emhlabeni womdlalo we-opera kaPonchielli othi The Prodigal Son, ngo-1881 walingisa indawo kaGabriel Adorno emdlalweni wokuqala wokuqala wengoma entsha. inguqulo ye-opera kaVerdi uSimon Boccanegra, ngo-1884 wabamba iqhaza ekubonisweni kokuqala kwe-2nd (Italian) edition kaDon Carlos (ingxenye yesihloko).

Ngo-1889, umculi wenza okokuqala eLondon. Ngawo lowo nyaka wacula ingxenye ka-Arnold ku-"William Tell" (enye yezinto ezihamba phambili emsebenzini wakhe) eChicago (i-American debut). Impumelelo ephakeme kakhulu kaTamagno indima ka-Othello kumdlalo wokuqala emhlabeni wonke we-opera (1887, La Scala). Kuningi okubhaliwe mayelana nale midlalo yokuqala, okuhlanganisa nenkambo yokulungiselelwa kwayo, kanye nokunqoba, okwathi, kanye nomqambi kanye nomqambi we-librettist (A.Boito), kwabelwane ngokufanele nguTamagno (Othello), uVictor Morel (Iago) kanye Romilda Pantaleoni (Desdemona). Ngemva komdlalo, isixuku sazungeza indlu okwakuhlala kuyo umqambi. U-Verdi waphuma waya kuvulandi ezungezwe abangani. Kube nesibabazo sikaTamagno "Esultate!". Isixuku sasabela ngamazwi ayinkulungwane.

Indima ka-Othello eyenziwa nguTamagno isibe yinganekwane emlandweni we-opera. Umculi washayelwa ihlombe yiRussia, America (1890, eyaqala ukuvela eMetropolitan Theatre), eNgilandi (1895, yaqala ukuvela eCovent Garden), eJalimane (Berlin, Dresden, Munich, Cologne), Vienna, Prague, ingasaphathwa eyemidlalo yaseshashalazini yase-Italy .

Phakathi kwamanye amaqembu adlalwa ngempumelelo yilo mculi kubalwa u-Ernani ku-opera kaVerdi enegama elifanayo, u-Edgar (uLucia di Lammermoor kaDonizetti), u-Enzo (uLa Gioconda kaPonchielli), uRaul (amaHuguenots kaMeyerbeer). UJohn of Leiden (“UmProfethi” kaMeyerbeer), uSamsoni (“uSamsoni noDelila” kaSaint-Saens). Ekupheleni komsebenzi wakhe wokucula, uphinde wacula ezingxenyeni eziqondile. Ngo-1903, izingcezu ezimbalwa kanye nama-arias avela kuma-opera enziwa u-Tamagno aqoshwa kumarekhodi. Ngo-1904 umculi waphuma esiteji. Eminyakeni yamuva, wabamba iqhaza empilweni yezombangazwe yomdabu waseTurin, wangenela ukhetho lwedolobha (1904). UTamagno wafa ngo-August 31, 1905 eVarese.

U-Tamagno wayenethalente elikhanya kakhulu le-tenor emangalisayo, enomsindo onamandla nomsindo ocinene kuwo wonke amarejista. Ngokwezinga elithile, lokhu kwaba (kanye nezinzuzo) ukonakala okuthile. Ngakho uVerdi, efuna umuntu ofanelekayo ozongenela indima ka-Othello, wabhala: “Ezicini eziningi, uTamagno ubengafaneleka kakhulu, kodwa kwezinye eziningi akafaneleki. Kunemisho esemthethweni ebanzi futhi enwetshiwe okufanele inikezwe ku-mezza voche, okuyinto angenakuyifinyelela nhlobo ... Lokhu kuyangikhathaza kakhulu. Ecaphuna encwadini yakhe ethi “Vocal Parallels” le nkulumo evela encwadini kaVerdi ayibhalela umshicileli uGiulio Ricordi, umculi odumile uG. Lauri-Volpi uqhubeka athi: “UTamagno wasebenzisa, ukuze athuthukise ubungane bezwi lakhe, izono zamakhala, azigcwalise. ngomoya ngokwehlisa ikhethini le-palatine futhi usebenzise ukuphefumula kwe-diaphragmatic-besisu. Ngokungenakugwenywa, i-emphysema yamaphaphu yayizofika futhi ingene, okwamphoqa ukuba aphume esiteji ngesikhathi segolide futhi ngokushesha kwamletha ethuneni.

Impela lona wumbono wozakwethu esigcawini sokucula, futhi bayaziwa ukuthi bahlakaniphile njengoba bechema nozakwabo. Akunakwenzeka ukususa ku-Italian enkulu noma ubuhle bomsindo, noma ubuciko obuhle bokuphefumula kanye nokukhuluma okungaqondakali, noma isimo sengqondo.

Ubuciko bakhe sebungene phakade endaweni yengcebo ye-classical opera heritage.

E. Tsodokov