Alto umtshingo: kuyini, ukwakheka, umsindo, isicelo

Umtshingo ungenye yezinsimbi zomculo ezindala kakhulu. Kuwo wonke umlando, izinhlobo zayo ezintsha ziye zavela futhi zaba ngcono. Uhlobo lwesimanje oludumile umtshingo ovundlile. I-transverse ihlanganisa ezinye izinhlobo eziningana, enye yazo ebizwa ngokuthi i-alto.

Iyini i-alto flute

I-alto flute iyinsimbi yomculo evuthuzayo. Ingxenye yomndeni wesimanje womtshingo. Ithuluzi lenziwe ngokhuni. Umtshingo we-alto ubonakala ngepayipi elide nelibanzi. Ama-valve anomklamo okhethekile. Lapho edlala umtshingo we-alto, umculi uphefumula kakhulu kunomtshingo ovamile.

U-Theobald Böhm, umqambi waseJalimane, waba umsunguli nomklami wensimbi. Ngo-1860, eneminyaka engu-66, u-Boehm wadala ngokohlelo lwakhe. Ngekhulu le-1910, uhlelo lwabizwa ngokuthi i-Boehm Mechanics. Ngo-XNUMX, umqambi wase-Italy washintsha insimbi ukuze inikeze umsindo ophansi we-octave.

Ukuma komtshingo kunezinhlobo ezi-2 - "igobile" futhi "iqondile". Umumo ogobile ukhethwa ngabadlali abancane. Ifomu elingajwayelekile lidinga ukwelula kancane izingalo, lidale umuzwa wokukhanya ngenxa yokugudluzwa kwesikhungo se-gravity eduze komenzi. Isakhiwo esiqondile sisetshenziswa kaningi ngoba sinomsindo ogqamile.

ukuzwakala

Ngokuvamile insimbi izwakala ekushuneni kuka-G no-F - ngekota ephansi kunamanothi abhaliwe. Kungenzeka ukukhipha amanothi aphezulu, kodwa abaqambi abavamile ukuphendukela kulokhu. Umsindo omnandi kakhulu userejista engezansi. Irejista ephezulu izwakala ibukhali, ngokuguquguquka okuncane kwe-timbre.

Ngenxa yobubanzi obuphansi, abaculi baseBrithani babiza leli thuluzi ngokuthi umtshingo webhesi. Igama laseBrithani liyadida - kunensimbi edumile emhlabeni wonke enegama elifanayo. Ukudideka naleli gama kwavela ngenxa yokufana nomtshingo we-tenor we-Renaissance. Zizwakala ngokufanayo ku-C. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, umsindo ophansi kufanele ubizwe ngokuthi i-bass.

Isicelo

Indawo yokusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-alto flute yi-orchestra. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, ibisetshenziswa ukukhipha umsindo ophansi njengokuhambisana nakho konke ukwakheka. Ngokuthuthuka komculo we-pop, waqala ukusetshenziswa yedwa. Ingxenye ingazwakala ku-Eighth Symphony kaGlazunov, i-Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring, i-Boulez's Hammer Without a Master.

Okunye okudume kakhulu ukusetshenziswa komtshingo we-alto emculweni odumile ingoma ethi "California Dreamin" kaMamas & the Papas. Eyodwa enaleli culo yakhululwa ngo-1965, yaba ingoma yamazwe ngamazwe. Ingxenye yethusi epholile yenziwa nguBud Shank, umshayi we-saxophonist waseMelika kanye nomtshingo.

Lapho uqopha izingoma zamafilimu, uJohn Debney usebenzisa umtshingo we-alto. Umqambi owawina i-Oscar ubhale umculo wamafilimu angaphezu kuka-150. Izikweletu zikaDebney zifaka i-The Passion of the Christ, Spider-Man 2, kanye ne-Iron Man 2.

Yasungulwa eminyakeni engaphansi kwengama-200 edlule, umtshingo we-alto wathola ukuthandwa ngokushesha futhi usasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Ubufakazi ukusetshenziswa okuningi kuma-orchestra nalapho uqopha amahithi e-pop.