Umculo we-Symphonic |
Umculo we-Symphonic umculo ohloselwe ukwenziwa kwama-symphonies. i-orchestra; indawo ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ecebile ye-instr. umculo, ohlanganisa yomibili imisebenzi emikhulu enezingxenye eziningi, egcwele imibono eyinkimbinkimbi nemizwa, nomculo omncane. iyadlala. Uphawu. I-orchestra, ehlanganisa izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene, inikeza umdali womculo ngephalethi ecebile yemibala yomsindo, i-express. izimali, amathuba ezobuchwepheshe okuvezwa kwezobuciko. imibono.
Ukusebenza komculo. umkhiqizo. instr enkulu. ama-ensembles nama-orchestra ayeqhutshwa kokubili emandulo naseNkathini Ephakathi, kodwa kuphela ekupheleni kwe-Renaissance instr. umculo walingana nezwi. Kancane kancane, kwasungulwa ikhwaya elizimele. i-polyphony iyisitayela sensimbi ethile (ensemble-orchestral). Umculo we-orchestra uthuthukiswe ngokusebenzisana njalo nezinye izinhlobo zomculo. i-art-va - ngomculo wekamelo, i-organ, i-choral, i-opera. Izinhlobo zesici 17 - 1st floor. Ikhulu le-18: umdanso. suite, ikhonsathi – ensemble-orchestral (bona Concerto grosso), kamuva solo (bona Concerto), overture (symphony) yohlobo lwe-operatic (okokuqala njengesingeniso se-opera, i-ballet, bese izimele). Izinhlobonhlobo ze-suite yekhulu le-18: i-divertissement, i-serenade, i-nocturne, i-cassation. Ukuphakama okunamandla kwe-symphony kuhlotshaniswa nokuthuthuka kwe-symphony, ukuthuthukiswa kwayo njenge-cyclic. ifomu le-sonata kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-classical. uhlobo olungokomfanekiso. i-orchestra. Mayelana nalokhu, isikole saseMannheim ikakhulukazi isikole sakudala saseViennese sidlale indima ebalulekile. Emsebenzini we-Viennese classics, ukuphela kwenzeka. ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwe-S.m. futhi umculo wegumbi-ensemble, kukhona classical. i-tinas ye-symphony (umjikelezo onezingxenye ezine), ikhonsathi (umjikelezo onezingxenye ezintathu), i-overture (ingxenye eyodwa ye-opus efomini le-sonata). Ngekhulu le-19 amathuba e-symphony anda. i-orchestra; ukwakheka kwayo kwandile, amathuluzi amadala athuthukisiwe, amasha afakiwe. Ngenxa yobunzima be-orc. amaphuzu, indima yomqhubi iyanda (bheka Ukwenza). Ikhwaya kanye ne-solo woks ngokuvamile ziqala ukwethulwa ku-symphony nezinye izinhlobo zezinsimbi zomculo. ivoti. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-symphony yashuba. iqala ngo-wok.-orc. izingoma (i-cantata, i-oratorio), i-opera ne-ballet. I-Symphony ithole ukubaluleka okukhulu. umculo wohlelo: conc. ukudlula endaweni ethile, i-symphony, ifakwe ukukhanya. uhlelo, inkondlo ye-symphonic nezinhlobo ezihlobene nayo (isithombe se-symphonic, i-symphonic fantasy, njll.), uhlelo lohlobo lohlelo, oluvamise ukwakhiwa ngezinombolo zomculo wetiyetha (okuhlanganisa i-ballet, i-opera), kodwa ngokuvamile ezimele. Izinhlobo ze-S.m. futhi zihlanganisa i-symphonietta, i-symphony. ukuhlukahluka, inganekwane (futhi overture) ku-nar. izingqikithi, i-rhapsody, inganekwane, i-capriccio, i-scherzo, i-potpourri, imashi, i-decomp. imidanso (kuhlanganise ngesimo somjikelezo - imidanso ye-symphonic), i-decomp. ama-miniatures, njll. In conc. uphawu. i-repertoire ihlanganisa ne-orc. izingcezu ezivela kuma-opera, ama-ballet, amadrama, imidlalo, amafilimu.
S. m. Ikhulu le-19 lalihlanganisa umhlaba omkhulu wemibono nemizwelo. Ithole ukuvezwa kwezindikimba zomphakathi jikelele. imisindo, okuhlangenwe nakho okujulile, izithombe zemvelo, impilo yansuku zonke kanye nenganekwane, nat. abalingiswa, izithombe zobuciko bendawo, izinkondlo, inganekwane. Ikhulu lama-20 i-SM, isungule izici eziningi zomculo wesikhathi esidlule, yethula okuthile okusha kokuqukethwe nesakhiwo somsebenzi, futhi yabonisa izimiso zikaDisemba. ukunyakaza kobuhle (impressionism, expressionism, njll.). Izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu ze-S.m. Ikhulu lama-20 - ezakudala zesikhathi esisha kakhulu. Uphawu lwakudala. i-orchestra iye yagcinwa emculweni wekhulu lama-20. inani lesimiso, kodwa enye i-ork. ama-complexes - anwetshwe abe yi-super-orchestra, ancishiswe abe yiqoqo legumbi, izingoma eziphakathi nendawo ezingaphelele. I-orchestra yathuthukiswa ngezinsimbi ezintsha (ikakhulukazi, izinsimbi zikagesi), yathuthukiswa njengezizimele. hlanganisa i-orchestra band blow. amathuluzi. Ngokulingana nezinsimbi kuzikolo zama-symphonies. umkhiqizo. ecula yedwa nekhwaya yaqala ukuvula. ivoti. Izindlela zokuqamba ze-S.m. zaphikiswa ku-jazz (okubizwa nge-symphonic jazz). Izinhlobo ezithile zomculo wakuqala zitshalwa kabusha, isibonelo. ikhonsathi ye-orchestra. Imiphefumulo emisha S. m. wanikeza iminyuziyamu. amasiko abantu abangewona abaseYurophu.
Ekhulwini le-19 nelama-20 emazweni aseYurophu naseMelika athuthuke inani lama-nat. Izikole ze-S. of m., to-rye zithole inani lomhlaba. Izimpumelelo eziphakeme zimakwe ngokuthi i-Rus. classical kanye nezikhova. S. m., obambe indawo evelele emculweni womhlaba. isiko. Izikhova. S. m. ihlanganisa ubuhlakani. imisebenzi yabaqambi bazo zonke iNyunyana kanye nombhali. amariphabhulikhi. Ezikhovaneni eziningi Ema-republic kuphela ngemva kuka-1917 amakhosi e-S. m. avele. izinhlobo zezikhova. S. m. kwabonisa izithombe nemibono yesimanjemanje, izinqubo zenguquko. ukuguqulwa komphakathi. Ukukhula kwe-symphonism kuthinte ukuthuthukiswa kwe-opera ne-ballet, futhi kwaholela ekuchumeni kwe-wok-symphony. izinhlobo, ku-symphony yomculo womoya. amathuluzi omculo we-orchestra ne-orchestra. I-folklore ecebile kakhulu ye-USSR yanikeza ubuciko. imizwa ka S.m. futhi kwaholela ekuveleni kwezinhlobo zayo ezintsha (isibonelo, i-symphonic mugham); umphumela onenzuzo wamasiko kazwelonke kanye ku-S. m. yamanye amazwe.
References: UGlebov Igor (Asafiev BV), umculo we-symphonic waseRussia iminyaka engu-10, "Umculo ne-Revolution", 1927, No 11; Umculo we-symphonic weSoviet. NgoMgqibelo. Art., M., 1955; Sollertinsky I., Izinhlobo zomlando ze-symphonic dramaturgy, encwadini yakhe: Izifundo zomculo nezomlando, L., 1956; Stupel A., Ingxoxo ngomculo we-symphonic, L., 1961; I-Popova T., umculo we-Symphonic, eMoscow, ngo-1963; Okwabalaleli bamakhonsathi e-symphony. Umhlahlandlela omfushane, M.-L., 1965, L., 1967; Konen V., Ithiyetha ne-Symphony …, M., 1968, 1975; U-Bobrovsky V., Umculo we-Symphonic, encwadini: Umculo wekhulu lama-XX, ingxenye 1, incwadi. 1, M., 1976.
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