Ikhalenda lomculo - Agasti

U-August ukuphela kwehlobo. Le nyanga ngokuvamile ayicebile ngemicimbi yomculo, amaqembu etiyetha athatha ikhefu ohambweni, futhi ngeke uwabone ama-premiere ezitejini zetiyetha. Noma kunjalo, unikeze umhlaba osaziwayo abaningi abashiya uphawu lwabo emculweni. Phakathi kwabo kukhona abaqambi A. Glazunov, A. Alyabyev, A. Salieri, K. Debussy, vocalists M. Bieshu, A. Pirogov, umqhubi V. Fedoseev.

Ababusi bezintambo zomphefumulo

10 Agasti 1865 unyaka Umqambi weza emhlabeni Alexander Glazunov. Umngane kaBorodin, waqeda imisebenzi engaqediwe yenkosi ngenkumbulo. Njengothisha, uGlazunov wasekela uShostakovich osemusha ngesikhathi sokucekelwa phansi kwezinguquko. Emsebenzini wakhe, ukuxhumana phakathi komculo waseRussia wekhulu lesi-XNUMX nomculo omusha waseSoviet kulandelelwa ngokucacile. Umqambi wayenamandla emoyeni, ehloniphekile kokubili ebuhlotsheni nabangane kanye nabamelene naye, inhloso yakhe nomdlandla wakhanga abantu abanomqondo ofanayo, abafundi nabalaleli bakhe. Phakathi kwemisebenzi engcono kakhulu yeGlazunov kukhona ama-symphonies, inkondlo ye-symphonic "Stenka Razin", i-ballet "Raymonda".

Phakathi kwabaqambi kukhona abaduma ngenxa yobuciko obubodwa. Okunjalo, isibonelo, kuzalwa Agasti 15, 1787 Alexander Alyabyev - umbhali wothando oludumile noluthandwa izigidi zothando "Nightingale". Izothando lwenziwa emhlabeni wonke, kukhona ilungiselelo izinsimbi ezahlukene kanye ensembles.

Isiphetho somqambi sasingelula. Phakathi nempi ka-1812, wazinikela ekubambeni phambili, walwa nebutho elidumile likaDenis Davydov, walimala, wanikezwa indondo nemiyalo emibili. Nokho, ngemva kwempi, kwaba khona ukubulala emzini wakhe. Walahlwa yicala, nakuba kungatholakalanga ubufakazi obuqondile. Ngemva kwecala leminyaka emi-3, umqambi wathunyelwa ekudingisweni iminyaka eminingi.

Ngaphezu kothando "I-Nightingale", u-Alyabyev washiya ifa elikhulu - lawa ama-opera angu-6, imisebenzi eminingi yezwi yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, umculo ongcwele.

18 Agasti 1750 unyaka kwazalwa umNtaliyane odumile U-Antonio Salieri Umqambi, uthisha, umbhidisi. Washiya uphawu ngesiphetho sabaculi abaningi, phakathi kwabo abadume kakhulu yiMozart, Beethoven noSchubert. Ummeleli wesikole se-Gluck, wazuza ubuciko obuphakeme kakhulu ohlotsheni lwe-opera-seria, edlula abaqambi abaningi besikhathi sakhe. Kwaphela isikhathi eside e ingqopha-mlando yokuphila komculo Vienna, wahlanganyela esiteji, wahola Society of Abaculi, wasebenzisa ukulawula imfundo zomculo ezikhungweni zikahulumeni enhloko-dolobha Austria.

20 Agasti 1561 unyaka weza emhlabeni UJacopo Peri, Umqambi we-Florentine, umbhali we-opera yokuqala yokuqala eyehlele kithi - "Eurydice". Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi u-Peri ngokwakhe waduma njengommeleli wefomu elisha lobuciko nanjengomculi, njengoba enze ingxenye ephakathi ye-Orpheus endalweni yakhe. Futhi nakuba ama-opera owalandela womqambi awazange abe nempumelelo enjalo, nguye ongumbhali wekhasi lokuqala emlandweni we-opera.

22 Agasti 1862 unyaka kwazalwa umqambi, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi ubaba womculo wekhulu lesi-XNUMX - UClaude Dheussy. Yena ngokwakhe wathi uzama ukuthola amaqiniso amasha emculweni, futhi labo ababebiza isiqondiso umsebenzi wakhe impressionism babeyiziwula.

Umqambi ucabangele umsindo, iphimbo, imisindo njengenani elizimele elikwazi ukuhlanganiswa kube ukuvumelana kwemibalabala, okungakhawulelwe kunoma yiziphi izimiso nemithetho. Ibonakala ngokuthanda indawo, umoya, uketshezi lwamafomu, ukungaqondakali kwe-shades. UDebussy wenze ngaphezu kwakho konke ohlotsheni lohlelo, kokubili upiyano kanye ne-orchestra. Okudume kakhulu phakathi kwabo kukhona "Ulwandle", "Nocturnes", "Prints", "Bergamas Suite"

Isiteji se-Maestro

3 Agasti 1935 unyaka eningizimu yeMoldova kwazalwa UMaria Bieshu I-Opera ne-chamber soprano. Izwi lakhe lizwakala emisindweni yokuqala futhi linokuvela okungajwayelekile. Ihlanganisa ngokwemvelo umsindo "wezansi" ezizwakalayo ezigcwele, "eziphezulu" ezicwebezelayo kanye nerejista ephakathi kwesifuba esivevezelayo engavamile.

Iqoqo lakhe lihlanganisa imiklomelo yobuciko ephakeme kakhulu neziqu, impumelelo ezitejini ezihamba phambili ze-opera emhlabeni, ukunqoba emiqhudelwaneni yamazwe ngamazwe ehlonishwa kakhulu. Izindima zakhe ezinhle kakhulu yiCio-Cio-San, Aida, Tosca, Tatyana.

4 Agasti 1899 unyaka wazalelwa eRyazan Alexander Pirogov, i-Russian Soviet singer-bass. Ingane yesihlanu emndenini, yabonakala inekhono kakhulu, nakuba yaqala ukucula eneminyaka engu-16. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nomculo, u-Alexander wathola imfundo yomlando nefilosofi. Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu, umculi wasebenza ezinkampanini ezihlukahlukene zaseshashalazini waze wajoyina iBolshoi Theatre ngo-1924.

Phakathi neminyaka yenkonzo yakhe, uPirogov wenza cishe zonke izingxenye ezidumile ze-bass, futhi wabamba iqhaza emikhiqizweni yemidlalo yesimanje ye-opera yaseSoviet. Waziwa nangokuthi ungumculi wegumbi, umculi wezothando zaseRussia nezingoma zomdabu.

5 Agasti 1932 unyaka umqhubi ovelele wesikhathi sethu weza emhlabeni UVladimir Fedoseev. Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, iGrand Symphony Orchestra eqanjwe ngalo. UTchaikovsky uye wazuza udumo emhlabeni wonke. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-2000-XNUMXst, uFedoseev wayengumqhubi weVienna Orchestra, ngeminyaka yama-XNUMXs wayengumqhubi oyisivakashi weZurich Opera House kanye neTokyo Philharmonic Orchestra. Ubizwa njalo ukuthi azosebenzisana nama-orchestra ahamba phambili emhlabeni.

Umsebenzi wakhe ekudlalweni kwe-opera uhlale waziswa kakhulu, ukuqoshwa kwemisebenzi yabadlali be-symphonists abahlakaniphile - Mahler, Tchaikovsky, Brahms, Taneyev, ama-opera kaDargomyzhsky, Rimsky-Korsakov ahlakazekile kuwo wonke amaqoqo abathandi bomculo. Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, wonke ama-symphonies angu-9 ka-Beethoven aqoshwa.

Imicimbi ethokozisayo emhlabeni womculo

Ngo-Agasti 3, 1778, inkundla yaseshashalazini i-La Scala yavulwa ngokusebenza kwama-opera angu-2 abhalwe ikakhulukazi kulo mcimbi (enye yazo "I-Europe Eyaziwayo" ngu-A. Salieri).

Ngo-August 9, 1942, i-premiere ephawulekayo, yobuqhawe ye-symphony ka-D. Shostakovich ethi "Leningrad" yenzeka e-Leningrad evinjezelwe. Bonke abaculi ababelapho babizelwa ukuzocula, hhayi ochwepheshe kuphela, kodwa nezimfundamakhwela. Abaculi abaningi bebezacile kangangokuthi bebengakwazi ukudlala base bengeniswa esibhedlela ukuze bathole ukudla okunomsoco. Ngosuku lwe-premiere, wonke ama-artillery crews edolobheni aqala umlilo onzima ezikhundleni zesitha, ukuze kungabikho lutho olungaphazamisa ukusebenza. Ikhonsathi yasakazwa emsakazweni futhi yazwakala emhlabeni wonke.

UClaude Debussy - Moonlight

Umbhali - uVictoria Denisova