I-Euphonium: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, umlando, isicelo

Emndenini we-saxhorn, i-euphonium ithatha indawo ekhethekile, iyathandwa futhi inelungelo lokuzwakala yedwa. Njenge-cello eqoqweni lomculo wezinsimbi, unikezwa izingxenye ze-tenor ezinsimbini zempi nezomoya. I-Jazzmen iphinde yathandana nensimbi yomoya yethusi, futhi isetshenziswa namaqembu omculo we-symphonic.

Incazelo yethuluzi

I-euphonium yesimanje iyinsimbi ye-semi-conical eneshubhu eliyisiyingi eligobile. Ifakwe ama-valve amathathu e-piston. Amanye amamodeli anenye i-valve yekota, efakwe phansi kwesandla sobunxele noma ngaphansi komunwe omncane wesandla sokudla. Lokhu kungezwa kubonakale kuthuthukisa ukuguqulwa kwamavesi, kwenza iphimbo lihlanzeke kakhulu, licacise.

Ama-valve afakwe phezulu noma ngaphambili. Ngosizo lwabo, ubude bekholomu yomoya bulawulwa. Amamodeli asekuqaleni ayenama-valve amaningi (afika ku-6). Insimbi ye-euphonium inobubanzi obungu-310 mm. Ingaqondiswa phezulu noma phambili ibheke endaweni yabalaleli. Isisekelo sensimbi sinomlomo lapho kuphuma khona umoya. Umgqomo we-euphonium mkhulu kunalowo we-baritone, ngakho-ke i-timbre inamandla kakhulu.

Umehluko ku-wind baritone

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamathuluzi ubukhulu bomphongolo. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, kunomehluko phakathi kwezakhiwo. I-baritone ishunwe ku-B-flat. Umsindo wayo awunawo amandla, amandla, ukukhanya okufana nokwe-euphonium. I-tenor tuba yamashuni ahlukene yethula ukungezwani nokudideka emsindweni wonkana we-orchestra. Kodwa zombili izinsimbi zinelungelo lokuphila okuzimele, ngakho-ke, ezweni lanamuhla, lapho uklama i-tenor tuba, amandla abo bobabili abameleli beqembu lethusi ayacatshangelwa.

Esikoleni sesiNgisi somculo, i-baritone ephakathi ivame ukusetshenziswa njengensimbi ehlukile. Futhi abaculi baseMelika baye benza "abazalwane" bashintshana e-orchestra.

Umlando

Igama elithi "Euphonia" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "umsindo ohlanzekile". Njengezinye izinsimbi zomculo ezifuthwayo eziningi, i-ephonium ine “progenitor”. Lena inyoka - ipayipi lenyoka egobile, okwathi ngezikhathi ezahlukene lenziwa ngama-alloys ethusi nesiliva, kanye nezinkuni. Ngesisekelo se "serpentine", inkosi yaseFrance u-Elary yakha i-ophicleid. Amaqembu ezempi eYurophu aqala ukuyisebenzisa ngenkuthalo, ephawula umsindo onamandla futhi onembile. Kodwa umehluko ekucushweni phakathi kwamamodeli ahlukene wawudinga ikhono le-virtuoso nokuzwa kahle.

Maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX, umsindo wensimbi wathuthukiswa ngokwandisa isikali, futhi ukusungulwa kwezindlela zama-valve epompo kwenza inguquko yangempela emhlabeni womculo webhendi yethusi. U-Adolphe Sax usungule futhi wanikeza ilungelo lobunikazi ama-bass tuba ambalwa. Ngokushesha kakhulu basakazeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi baba iqembu elilodwa. Naphezu kokungezwani okuncane, wonke amalungu omkhaya ayenohlu olufanayo.

Ukusebenzisa

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-euphonium kuhlukile. Umdali wokuqala wemisebenzi yakhe kwakungu-Amilcare Ponchielli. Ngama-70s wekhulu lesi-XNUMX, wethula umhlaba ngekhonsathi yezingoma ezicula yedwa. Ngokuvamile, i-euphonium isetshenziswa ethusi, ezempi, kuma-orchestra e-symphony. Akuvamile ukuba ahlanganyele kuma-ensembles e-chamber. Ku-orchestra ye-symphony, uthenjwa ngengxenye ye-tuba ehlobene.

Kube nezimo zokuzishintsha kwabaqhubi abancamela i-ephonium lapho izingxenye ze-tuba zibhalwe kurejista ephezulu kakhulu. Lesi sinyathelo saboniswa u-Ernst von Schuch esigcawini sokuqala somsebenzi kaStrauss, sithatha indawo ye-Wagner tuba.

Insimbi yomculo ye-bass ethakazelisa kakhulu futhi enesisindo kumabhendi ethusi. Lapha, i-euphonium ayenzi nje indima ehambisanayo, kodwa ngokuvamile izwakala iyodwa. Uzuza udumo olukhulu emsindweni we-jazz.