I-Viola: incazelo yensimbi yomoya, ukwakheka, umlando

Iphimbo lalesi sisetshenziswa somculo esivunguzayo lihlala licasha “kubazalwane” ababalulekile nababalulekile. Kodwa ezandleni zomdlali wecilongo langempela, imisindo ye-viola iphenduka iculo elimangalisayo, ngaphandle kwalokho akunakwenzeka ukucabanga izingoma ze-jazz noma amamashi emikhosi yezempi.

Incazelo yethuluzi

I-viola yesimanje imele izinsimbi zethusi. Ngaphambilini, yabhekana nezinguquko ezihlukahlukene zokuklama, kodwa namuhla ekuqanjweni kwama-orchestra umuntu angakwazi ukubona i-altohorn yethusi ye-embouchure ebanzi eneshubhu eligotshwe ngendlela ye-oval kanye nobubanzi obukhulayo bensimbi.

Kusukela ekusungulweni, ukuma kwe-tube kuye kwashintsha izikhathi eziningana. Yayinde, iyindilinga. Kodwa i-oval esiza ukuthambisa umsindo onomsindo otholakala kuma-tubas. Insimbi iqondiswe phezulu.

EYurophu, ungakwazi ukubona ama-altohorns anensimbi eya phambili, okuvumela ukuthi udlulisele kubalaleli yonke ingxube ye-polyphony. EGreat Britain, imibukiso yezempi ivamise ukusebenzisa i-viola enesilinganiso esihlehlisiwe. Lo mklamo uthuthukisa ukuzwakala komculo kumasosha ahamba ehlelekile ngemuva kweqembu lomculo.

Idivayisi

Ama-Viola ahlukaniswa ngesilinganiso esibanzi kunabanye abameleli beqembu lethusi. Umlomo ojulile omise okwesitsha ufakwa esisekelweni. Ukukhishwa komsindo kwenziwa ngokushaya ikholomu yomoya ngaphandle kweshubhu ngamandla ahlukene kanye nesimo esithile sezindebe. I-Althorn inama-valve amathathu. Ngosizo lwabo, ubude bomoya buyalungiswa, umsindo uyancipha noma wanda.

Ibanga lomsindo we-altohorn lincane. Iqala ngenothi elithi “A” le-octave enkulu futhi iphetha ngokuthi “E-flat” ye-octave yesibili. Iphimbo lifiphele. Ukushunwa kwethuluzi kuvumela ama-virtuosos ukuthi akhiqize umsindo ophakeme okwesithathu kuno-Eb okuzisholo wona.

Irejista ephakathi ibhekwa njengefaneleka kakhulu, imisindo yayo isetshenziselwa kokubili imiculo eculayo kanye nokukhipha imisindo ehlukene, enesigqi. Izingxenye ze-Tertsovye yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-orchestral. Olunye uhla luzwakala lungacacile futhi lufiphele, ngakho alusetshenziswa kaningi.

I-viola iyithuluzi elifundeka kalula. Ezikoleni zomculo, labo abafuna ukufunda ukudlala icilongo, i-saxophone, i-tuba banikezwa ukuqala nge-viola.

Umlando

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu baye bakwazi ukukhipha imisindo yemisindo ehlukahlukene ocingweni. Zasebenza njengesibonakaliso sokuqala kokuzingela, zaxwayisa ngengozi, futhi zazisetshenziswa ngamaholide. Izimpondo zaba okhokho bazo zonke izinsimbi zeqembu lethusi.

I-altohorn yokuqala yaklanywa umsunguli odumile, umpetha womculo waseBelgium, u-Adolf Sachs. Kwenzeka ngo-1840. Ithuluzi elisha lalisekelwe ku-bugelhorn ethuthukisiwe, ukuma kwe-tube okwakuyi-cone. Ngokusho komsunguli, ukwakheka kwe-oval egobile kuzosiza ukuqeda imisindo ephezulu, ibenze ithambe futhi yandise ububanzi bomsindo. USachs wanikeza amagama athi “saxhorn” nelithi “saxotrombe” ezinsimbini zokuqala. Ububanzi beziteshi zabo babuncane kune-viola yesimanje.

Umsindo ongachazeki, ongacacile uvala indawo ye-viola kuma-orchestra e-symphony. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa emabhandeni zethusi. Idumile kumabhendi e-jazz. Isigqi somsindo okhishiwe sikuvumela ukuthi ufake i-viola emaqenjini omculo wezempi. Ku-orchestra, umsindo wakhe uhlukaniswa nezwi eliphakathi. I-Alt horn ivala i-voids kanye noshintsho phakathi kwemisindo ephezulu nephansi. Ubizwa ngokungafanele ngokuthi "Cinderella" webhendi yethusi. Kodwa ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi umbono onjalo uwumphumela weziqu eziphansi zabaculi, ukungakwazi ukufunda i-virtuoso master.