Dinu Lipatti (Dinu Lipatti) |

Dino Lipatti

Igama lakhe sekuyisikhathi eside libe impahla yomlando: cishe sekudlule iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu kusukela ekufeni komculi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinkanyezi eziningi ziye zavuka futhi zahlala ezigabeni zekhonsathi zomhlaba, izizukulwane eziningana zabadlali bopiyano abavelele sezikhulile, izitayela ezintsha zobuciko bokudlala sezisunguliwe - lezo ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isitayela sokwenza samanje". Futhi okwamanje, ifa likaDinu Lipatti, ngokungafani nefa labanye abaculi abaningi abakhulu bengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lethu leminyaka, alizange limbozwe "ngobuciko bemnyuziyamu", alilahlekelwanga ubuhle balo, ukusha kwalo: kwavela. ukuba ngaphezu kwemfashini, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, akuqhubeki nje ngokujabulisa abalaleli, kodwa futhi kuthonya izizukulwane ezintsha zabadlali bopiyano. Ukuqoshwa kwakhe akuwona umthombo wokuziqhenya kwabaqoqi bamadiski amadala - aphinde akhishwe kaninginingi, athengiswa aphela ngaso leso sikhathi. Konke lokhu akwenzeki ngoba uLipatti usengaba phakathi kwethu, abe sezingeni lakhe, uma kungenjalo ngenxa yokugula okunesihluku. Izizathu zijulile - emqondweni wobuciko bakhe obungapheli, ekujuleni kweqiniso lokuzizwa, njengokungathi kuhlanjululwe yonke into yangaphandle, edlulayo, iphindaphinda amandla ethonya lethalenta lomculi futhi ngalesi sikhathi ibanga.

Bambalwa abaculi abakwazile ukushiya uphawu olucacile kangaka enkumbulweni yabantu ngesikhathi esifushane kangaka, ababenikezwe bona ngokudalelwa. Ikakhulukazi uma sikhumbula ukuthi uLipatti wayengeyena neze ingane ehlakaniphile ngomqondo owamukelekayo wegama, futhi sekwephuzile kakhulu waqala umsebenzi omkhulu wekhonsathi. Wakhula futhi wathuthuka esimweni somculo: ugogo nomama wakhe babengabadlali bopiyano abahle kakhulu, uyise wayengumdlali wevayolini oshisekayo (waze wathatha izifundo kuP. Sarasate noK. Flesch). Ngamafuphi, akumangazi ukuthi umculi wesikhathi esizayo, engakazazi izinhlamvu zamagama, uthuthukiswe ngokukhululekile kupiyano. Ukujabula kobungane kwahlanganiswa ngendlela eyinqaba ezingoma zakhe ezingenzima nezingathí sina ezimangalisayo; inhlanganisela enjalo yokushesha kokuzwa nokujula komcabango yasala kamuva, yaba isici esiyisici somculi ovuthiwe.

Uthisha wokuqala kaLipatti oneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili wayengumqambi uM. Zhora. Ngemva kokuthola amakhono akhethekile opiyano kumfundi, ngo-1928 wamnikeza uthisha odumile uFlorika Muzychesk. Ngaleyo minyaka, wayenomunye umeluleki nomphathi - uGeorge Enescu, owaba "unkulunkulukazi" womculi osemusha, owalandela eduze ukuthuthukiswa kwakhe futhi wamsiza. Lapho eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala, uLipatti waphumelela ngokuhlonishwa eBucharest Conservatory, futhi ngokushesha wathola uMklomelo we-Enescu ngomsebenzi wakhe wokuqala omkhulu, imidwebo ye-symphonic "Chetrari". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umculi wanquma ukubamba iqhaza ku-International Piano Competition e-Vienna, omunye "omkhulu" kakhulu mayelana nenani labahlanganyeli emlandweni wemincintiswano: khona-ke abaculi abangaba ngu-250 beza enhloko-dolobha yase-Austria. U-Lipatti wayengowesibili (emva kukaB. Kohn), kodwa amalungu amaningi ejaji ambiza ngokuthi umnqobi wangempela. U-A. Cortot waze washiya ijaji ebhikisha; kunoma yikuphi, ngokushesha wamema intsha yaseRomania eParis.

ULipatti wayehlala enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance iminyaka emihlanu. Wathuthuka ngo-A. Cortot kanye no-I. Lefebur, waya ekilasini likaNadia Boulanger, wathatha izifundo zokuqhuba u-C. Munsch, owaqanjwa ngu-I. Stravinsky no-P. Duke. UBoulanger, owakhulisa inqwaba yabaqambi abaqavile, washo lokhu ngoLipatti: “Umculi wangempela ngomqondo ophelele wegama angabhekwa njengomuntu ozinikele ngokuphelele emculweni, azikhohlwe. Ngingasho ngokuphepha ukuthi uLipatti ungomunye walabo baculi. Futhi leyo kuyincazelo engcono kakhulu yokukholelwa kwami ​​kuye.” Kwakuno-Boulanger lapho uLipatti aqopha khona okokuqala ngo-1937: Imidanso kaBrahms yezandla ezine.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzi wekhonsathi womculi waqala. Kakade ukudlala kwakhe kokuqala eBerlin nasemadolobheni ase-Italy kudonse ukunaka kwawo wonke umuntu. Ngemuva komdlalo wakhe wokuqala waseParis, abagxeki bamqhathanisa noHorowitz futhi babikezela ngazwi linye ikusasa eliqhakazile ngaye. ULipatti wavakashela eSweden, eFinland, e-Austria, eSwitzerland, futhi yonke indawo wayephumelela. Ngekhonsathi ngayinye, ithalenta lakhe lalivuleka ngezici ezintsha. Lokhu kwakwenziwa lula ukuzigxeka kwakhe, indlela yakhe yokudala: ngaphambi kokuletha incazelo yakhe esiteji, akazange nje azuze ukuqonda okuphelele kombhalo, kodwa futhi nokuhlanganisa okuphelele nomculo, okwaholela ekungeneni okujulile embhalweni wombhali. inhloso.

Kuyisici ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje waqala ukuguqula ifa likaBeethoven, futhi ngaphambili wayezibheka njengomuntu ongakulungele lokhu. Ngolunye usuku waphawula ukuthi kwamthatha iminyaka emine ukulungiselela i-Fifth Concerto kaBeethoven noma eyokuQala kaTchaikovsky. Yiqiniso, lokhu akukhulumi ngamakhono akhe alinganiselwe, kodwa kuphela ngezidingo zakhe ezidlulele kuye. Kodwa ngayinye yemidlalo yakhe iwukutholakala kokuthile okusha. Njengoba ehlala ethembekile ngokucophelela embhalweni wombhali, umdlali wopiyano wayehlale echaza incazelo “ngemibala” yomuntu ngamunye.

Esinye salezi zimpawu zobuntu bakhe kwakuwukungokwemvelo okumangalisayo kwemisho: ubulula bangaphandle, ukucaca kwemiqondo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kumqambi ngamunye, wathola imibala ekhethekile yepiyano ehambisana nombono wakhe wezwe. U-Bach wakhe uzwakale njengombhikisho omelene nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-"mnyuziyamu" ye-classic enhle kakhulu. "Ubani onesibindi sokucabanga nge-cembalo ngenkathi elalele i-First Partita eyenziwa ngu-Lipatti, egcwele amandla angaka, i-legato emnandi kangaka nomusa onjalo wobukhosi?" kubabaza omunye wabagxekayo. U-Mozart wamkhanga, okokuqala, hhayi ngomusa nangokulula, kodwa ngesasasa, ngisho nedrama namandla. "Akukho ukuvumelana ngesitayela esihlakaniphile," kubonakala sengathi umdlalo wakhe usho. Lokhu kugcizelelwa ukuqina kwesigqi, ukunyathela okushoyo, ukuthinta okunamandla. Ukuqonda kwakhe uChopin kulele endizeni efanayo: akukho ukuzwela, ukulula okuqinile, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo - amandla amakhulu okuzizwa ...

IMpi Yezwe Yesibili yathola umculi eSwitzerland, kolunye uhambo. Wabuyela ezweni lakubo, waqhubeka nokucula, ukuqamba umculo. Kodwa isimo esicindezelayo seRomania yobufascist samcindezela, futhi ngo-1943 wakwazi ukuya eStockholm, futhi esuka lapho waya eSwitzerland, eyaba isiphephelo sakhe sokugcina. Wahola umnyango wokudlala kanye nekilasi lepiyano e-Geneva Conservatory. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi lapho impi iphela futhi amathemba aqhakazile avuleka phambi komdwebi, kwavela izimpawu zokuqala zesifo esingelapheki - i-leukemia. Ubhalela uthisha wakhe uM. Zhora kabuhlungu: “Lapho ngiwumqemane, ukulwa nokuswela kwakukhathaza. Manje njengoba ngiyagula, kunezimemo ezivela kuwo wonke amazwe. Ngasayina isivumelwano ne-Australia, iNingizimu neNyakatho Melika. Yeka indida yokudalelwa! Kodwa angiyeki. Ngizolwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani.”

Impi yaqhubeka iminyaka. Uhambo olude kwadingeka lukhanselwe. Engxenyeni yesibili ye-40s, akazange ashiye iSwitzerland; okuhlukile kwaba uhambo lwakhe lokuya eLondon, lapho aqala khona ngo-1946 kanye no-G. Karajan, edlala i-Schumann's Concerto ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe. U-Lipatti kamuva waya eNgilandi izikhathi ezimbalwa ukuze aqophe. Kodwa ngo-1950, akabange esakwazi ukubekezelela ngisho nohambo olunjalo, futhi inkampani ye-I-am-a yathumela kuye "ithimba" labo e-Geneva: ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ngezindleko zomzamo omkhulu, i-14 Chopin waltzes, I-Sonata kaMozart (No. 8) yaqoshwa , Bach Partita (B flat major), Chopin's 32nd Mazurka. Ngo-August, wacula neqembu le-orchestra okokugcina: Kwazwakala i-Concerto kaMozart (No. 21), uG. Karayan wayesesiteji. Futhi ngoSepthemba 16, u-Dinu Lipatti wavalelisa izethameli eBesançon. Uhlelo lwekhonsathi lwaluhlanganisa i-Partita ka-Bach ku-B flat major, i-Mozart's Sonata, i-impromptu ka-Schubert kanye nawo wonke ama-waltze angu-14 ka-Chopin. Udlale angu-13 kuphela – owokugcina ubengasenamandla ngokwanele. Kodwa esikhundleni salokho, ebona ukuthi ngeke aphinde abe sesiteji, umculi wacula i-Bach Chorale, ehlelelwe upiyano ngu-Myra Hess…

Ngemva kokufa kukaLipatti, uthisha wakhe nomngane wakhe u-A. Cortot wabhala: “Dinu othandekayo, ukuhlala kwakho isikhashana phakathi kwethu akukubeke phambili nje ngemvume efanayo endaweni yokuqala phakathi kwabadlali bopiyano besizukulwane sakho. Esikhumbuzweni salabo abakulalele, ushiya ukuzethemba ukuthi ukube isiphetho sasingenalo isihluku kuwe, khona-ke igama lakho laliyoba inganekwane, isibonelo sokuzidela kwezobuciko. Isikhathi esidlule kusukela ngaleso sikhathi sibonise ukuthi ubuciko bukaLipatti buhlala buyisibonelo kuze kube yilolu suku. Ifa lakhe elizwakalayo lincane uma kuqhathaniswa - cishe amahora ayisishiyagalolunye kuphela okurekhoda (uma ubala izimpinda). Ngaphezu kwalezi zingoma ezishiwo ngenhla, wakwazi ukuthwebula kumarekhodi amakhonsathi anjalo kaBach (No. 1), Chopin (No. 1), Grieg, Schumann, alingisa uBach, Mozart, Scarlatti, Liszt, Ravel, eyakhe. izingoma – I-Concertino ngesitayela sakudala kanye ne-Sonata yezandla zangakwesokunxele … Cishe konke lokho. Kodwa wonke umuntu ojwayelana nala marekhodi ngokuqinisekile uzovumelana namazwi kaFlorica Muzycescu: “Inkulumo yobuciko akhuluma ngayo nabantu ibilokhu ibamba izilaleli, ibamba nalabo abalalela iculo lakhe elirekhodiwe.”

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.