Halina Czerny-Stefańska |

UHalina Czerny-Stefańska

Sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu kusukela ngosuku afika ngalo eSoviet Union okokuqala - wafika njengomunye wabaphumelele umncintiswano we-Chopin we-1949 owawusanda kuphela. Okokuqala, njengengxenye yethimba lezingcweti zesiko lasePoland, bese, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, namakhonsathi ayedwa. “Asazi ukuthi uCzerny-Stefanska uwudlala kanjani umculo wabanye abaqambi, kodwa ekuculweni kukaChopin, umdlali wopiyano wasePoland wazibonakalisa eyingcweti yefiligree kanye nomculi ocashile, osondelene kakhulu nomhlaba omangalisayo womqambi omkhulu. izithombe eziyingqayizivele. UGalina Czerny-Stefańska ube nempumelelo evelele nezilaleli zaseMoscow ezazifuna ngamandla. Ukufika komdlali wopiyano osemusha eSoviet Union kwasifaka kumculi omangalisayo, ovuleleke phambi kwakhe indlela yobuciko yobuciko.” Wabhala kanjalo umagazini othi “Soviet Music” ngaleso sikhathi. Futhi isikhathi sisiqinisekisile lesi sibikezelo.

Kodwa bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi umhlangano wokuqala nokhumbuleka kakhulu kaCherny-Stefanskaya nabantu baseSoviet kwenzeka eminyakeni eminingana ngaphambi kwalowo eMoscow. Kwenzeka ngesikhathi lapho umculi wesikhathi esizayo kwakubonakala sengathi iphupho lakhe alithandayo - ukuba umdlali wopiyano - ngeke lisafezeka. Kusukela esemncane, yonke into yayibonakala ivuna yena. Kuze kube yilapho eneminyaka eyishumi, uyise wamhola ekumkhuliseni - uStanislav Schwarzenberg-Cherny, uprofesa eKrakow Conservatory; ngo-1932 wafunda izinyanga ezimbalwa eParis no-A. Cortot ngokwakhe, kwathi ngo-1935, waba umfundi womdlali wopiyano odumile u-Y. Turczynski eWarsaw Conservatory. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, wayedlala esiteji sasePoland naphambi kwemibhobho yomsakazo wasePoland. Kodwa impi yabe isiqala, futhi wonke amacebo awonakele.

… Unyaka wokunqoba usufikile - 1945. Yile ndlela umdwebi ngokwakhe akhumbula ngayo usuku lukaJanuwari 21: "Amasosha aseSoviet akhulula iKrakow. Phakathi neminyaka ngisebenza, kwakuqabukela ngisondela ensimbini. Futhi ngalobo busuku ngangifuna ukudlala. Futhi ngahlala phansi ophiyanweni. Kusenjalo kungqongqoze umuntu. Isosha laseSoviet ngokucophelela, lizama ukungabangi umsindo, labeka phansi isibhamu salo futhi, ngokukhetha amagama alo ngobunzima, lachaza ukuthi lalifuna ngempela ukulalela umculo othile. Ngidlale ngaye ubusuku bonke. Walalela ngokucophelela. ”…

Ngalolo suku, umdwebi wakholelwa ekuvuselelweni kwephupho lakhe. Yiqiniso, kwakusenendlela ende okufanele ihanjwe ngaphambi kokuqaliswa kwayo, kodwa wayiqhuba ngokushesha: amakilasi ngaphansi kokuqondisa komyeni wakhe, uthisha u-L. Stefansky, ukunqoba eMqhudelwaneni Wabaculi Abancane BasePoland ngo-1946, iminyaka yokufunda ekilasini. ka-3. Drzewiecki e-Warsaw Higher School of Music (okokuqala emnyangweni wayo wokulungiselela). Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo - umsebenzi womdwebi wezithombe esikoleni somculo, amakhonsathi ezimbonini zaseKrakow, esikoleni se-ballet, edlala ngezikhathi zokudansa. Ngo-1947, u-Czerny Stefańska wadlala okokuqala ne-Krakow Philharmonic Orchestra eqhutshwa u-V. Berdyaev, edlala i-Mozart's Concerto ku-A major. Futhi kwaba khona ukunqoba emncintiswaneni, okwaphawula ukuqala komsebenzi wekhonsathi ohlelekile, uhambo lokuqala eSoviet Union.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ubungane bakhe nezilaleli zaseSoviet zazalwa. Uza kithi cishe njalo ngonyaka, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nakabili ngonyaka - kaningi kunabadlali abaningi bezivakashi zakwamanye amazwe, futhi lokhu kakade kufakazela uthando izilaleli zaseSoviet ezinalo ngaye. Ngaphambi kwethu kukhona yonke indlela yobuciko yaseCherny-Stefanskaya - indlela esuka ku-laureate osemusha eya kunkosi eyaziwayo. Uma eminyakeni yokuqala ukugxeka kwethu kusakhomba amaphutha athile omdwebi owayesenqubweni yokuba (ama-pathos amaningi, ukungakwazi ukuphatha kahle ifomu elikhulu), ngakho-ke ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-50s sabona ukufaneleka kwakhe njengenkosi enkulu. umbhalo wakhe wesandla oyingqayizivele, ubuntu obucashile nobunkondlo, obumakwe ngomzwelo ojulile, umusa nobuhle basePoland, okwazi ukudlulisa yonke imithunzi yenkulumo yomculo - ukucabangisisa okunezingoma kanye nokuqina okumangalisayo kwemizwa, ukucabanga kwefilosofi kanye nomfutho wobuqhawe. Nokho, akubona thina kuphela. Akumangalisi ukuthi uchwepheshe omkhulu wepiyano u-H.-P. URanke (waseJalimane) encwadini yakhe ethi “Pianists Today” wabhala: “EParis naseRome, eLondon naseBerlin, eMoscow naseMadrid, igama lakhe manje seliyigama elidumile.”

Abantu abaningi bahlobanisa igama lomdlali wepiyano wasePoland nomculo we-Chopin, awunikeza ugqozi lwakhe olukhulu. "I-chopinist engenakuqhathaniswa, enesiphiwo somqondo omangalisayo wamagama, umsindo othambile kanye nokunambitheka okuthambile, ukwazile ukuveza isiqalo somoya wasePoland nomdanso, ubuhle neqiniso elicacile le-cantilena ka-Chopin," u-Z. Drzewiecki wabhala mayelana neyakhe. mfundi othandekayo. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi uzibheka njenge-Chopinist, uCzerny-Stefanska ngokwakhe uyaphendula: “Cha! Ukuthi nje i-Chopin inzima kakhulu kunabo bonke abaqambi bepiyano, futhi uma umphakathi ucabanga ukuthi ngingu-Chopinist omuhle, khona-ke kimi lokhu kusho ukuvunyelwa okuphezulu kakhulu. Ukuvunyelwa okunjalo kwavezwa ngokuphindaphindiwe umphakathi waseSoviet, uzwakalisa umbono wawo, uM. Teroganyan abhala ngawo ephephandabeni elithi “Soviet Culture”: “Ezweni lobuciko bepiyano, njengakunoma yimuphi omunye ubuciko, angeke kube khona izindinganiso namasampula. Futhi yingakho kungekho muntu ozoqhamuka nombono wokuthi uChopin kufanele adlalwe ngendlela uG. Cerny-Stefanska amdlala ngayo. Kodwa angeke kube nemibono emibili mayelana nokuthi umdlali wopiyano wasePoland onethalente kunawo wonke uthanda ngokuzidela indalo yendodana ekhaliphile yezwe lakubo futhi ngalolu thando ngaye luthatha izilaleli zakhe ezibongayo. Ukuze siqinisekise lo mbono, ake sibhekisele esitatimendeni somunye uchwepheshe, umgxeki u-I. Kaiser, owavuma ukuthi u-Czerny-Stefanskaya “une-Chopin yakhe - ekhanyayo, eyedwa, egcwele kunaleyo yabadlali abaningi bopiyano baseJalimane, ekhululekile futhi engazinzile Abashayi bopiyano baseMelika, abashelelayo futhi abadabukisa kakhulu kunabaseFrance.”

Yilo mbono oqinisekile futhi okholisayo kaChopin owamlethela udumo emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa hhayi lokho kuphela. Abalaleli abavela emazweni amaningi bayayazi futhi bayakwazisa u-Cerny-Stefanska kumculo ohluke kakhulu. U-Dzhevetsky ofanayo wayekholelwa ukuthi emculweni wabashayi bamahabhu baseFrance, uRameau noDaken, ngokwesibonelo, “ukusebenza kwawo kuthola ukugqama okuyisibonelo nokukhangayo.” Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi esanda kugubha iminyaka engu-XNUMX eqala ukubonakala esiteji, lo mculi udlale neKrakow Philharmonic kanye ne-Chopin's Concerto in E minor, Frank's Symphonic Variations, amakhonsathi kaMozart (A major) kanye nekaMendelssohn's (G minor), kanye futhi efakazela ukuguquguquka kwayo. Udlala ngobuchule uBeethoven, Schumann, Mozart, Scarlatti, Grieg. Futhi-ke, bakwethu. Phakathi kwemisebenzi ayenze eMoscow ngezikhathi ezehlukene kukhona imidlalo kaSzymanowski, The Great Polonaise kaZarembski, The Fantastic Krakowiak kaPaderewski neminye eminingi. Yingakho u-I. Belza eqinisile ngokuphindwe kabili lapho embiza ngokuthi “umshayi wepiyano wasePoland ophawuleka kakhulu ngemva “kwendlovukazi yemisindo” uMaria Szymanowska”.

U-Czerny-Stefanska wabamba iqhaza ejajini lemincintiswano eminingi - eLeeds, eMoscow (eqanjwe ngoTchaikovsky), uLong-Thibault, oqanjwe ngaye. I-Chopin eWarsaw.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990