Umculo wesignali |
uphawu lomculo - umculo wezinjongo ezisetshenziswayo, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo owawusetshenziswa emabuthweni nasempilweni yabantu. Kuhlanganisa ezempi, ukuzingela, amavulandlela kanye nezimpawu zezemidlalo zecilongo (i-bugle) nokushaya izigubhu, ukubingelela kwabalandeli kanye nezimpawu zokuxwayisa zesivumelwano, abamemezeli, abamemezeli, u-S. m. imikhosi yabantu kanye nomkhosi osemthethweni wamazwe ngamazwe. Ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa kwamandla ka-S. m. iba ngenye yezindlela ezibalulekile ezilawula ukuqeqeshwa, ukulwa nempilo yamasosha. IsiRashiya. imibhalo kanye nemibhalo emincane ebabonisayo ifakazela ukuba khona kwezinsimbi zokusayina kuDkt. ERussia kusukela ngekhulu le-10. Izimpondo, amapayipi aqondile, amathamborini (izigubhu) kanye nama-nakra (timpani) ayesetshenziswa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Lezi zinsimbi bezitholakala kuwo wonke amaviyo amakhulu noma amancane futhi bezisetshenziswa njengezinsimbi zokusayina zokulwa. Basebenza njengendlela enokwethenjelwa yokuxwayisa, ukuxhumana kanye nokuyala nokulawula amasosha ngesikhathi sobutha. Isibonakaliso sokuqala kwempi noma ukuhlaselwa kwenqaba ngokuvamile sasinikezwa umsindo omkhulu wawo wonke amasosha. amathuluzi okusayina. Ngendlela efanayo, kwamenyezelwa ukuhlehla, ukuhlangana kwamasosha ngemva kwempi, umyalo wokushintsha indlela yokuhamba. Phakathi nempi, ikakhulukazi ngekhulu le-17-18, kwakusetshenziswa izigubhu. Izinsimbi zomculo zithole ukusebenza emculweni. ukuklanywa kwemikhuba yezempi efana nokuntwela kokusa, ukubeka onogada, ukuhlangana kwamanxusa, ukungcwatshwa kwamasosha afile. Ngo-17 ku. amathuluzi okusayina athuthukiswe kakhulu. Amapayipi aqala ukwenziwa ngokushintshana okuningi, izigubhu zaba yi-cylindrical. ifomu futhi, ngokungafani neyangaphambili, yaqala ukuhlinzekwa ngeyodwa, kodwa i-membrane ezimbili, i-timpani yaqala ukwenziwa ngethusi noma isiliva futhi ihlotshiswe. Kusukela ngekhulu le-18 kwavela uphondo lwezingane emasosheni. Ngemva kokwakhiwa kwebutho elivamile laseRussia kanye nokwethulwa kwemithethonqubo yokuqala yezempi, umculo wesignali uba enye yezinsizakalo zezempi. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezikhali. amabutho aqala ukumila kanye nezempi. amasignali abonisa okucacile kokuziphatha kwempi kanye nesevisi yohlobo ngalunye lwamasosha. Lokhu kuphinde kwanquma uhlobo lokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zesignali. Ngakho-ke, amapayipi, anomsindo oqinile kanye nobubanzi obukhulu bemisindo yemvelo, asetshenziselwa amahhashi kanye nezikhali, lapho zonke izenzo zokuqeqesha nokulwa zenziwa ngosizo lwama-alamu omsindo, izimpondo - ku-infantry kanye ne-navy, imitshingo. kanye nezigubhu - emasosheni ahamba ngezinyawo, i-timpani - ebuthweni lamahhashi. C. m. yagcina incazelo yayo ngisho nalapho ifinyelela incazelo. ukuthuthukiswa komculo wezempi, amaqembu ezempi esikhathi esigcwele avele, ahlanganiswe namayunithi ezempi kanye nokwakheka. Amanye amathuluzi esignali (amapayipi, izimpondo) athole inani lezinsalela futhi alinganiswa nemiklomelo ephakeme kakhulu yezempi yamayunithi ezempi. Umklomelo wokuqala onjalo wenziwa ngo-1737, lapho enye yezimpi ze-Life Guards ye-Izmailovsky ibutho, elizihlukanisa ezimpini ngesikhathi sokuthunjwa kwenqaba yase-Ochakov, yanikezwa icilongo lesignali yesiliva. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngenxa yokufaneleka okukhethekile kwezempi, ibutho laseRussia. amabutho aqala ukuklonyeliswa ngesiliva futhi uSt.
Ngemuva kwe-Great Oct. socialist. wenguquko, S.m. yaqhubeka isetshenziswa kabanzi ebuthweni nasekuphileni kwabantu. Mayelana noshintsho olukhulu ezindleleni nezindlela zempi, ezinye zezempi. amasignali alahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwawo ebuthweni (isibonelo, amahhashi kanye nezikhali). Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, izimpawu ebuthweni nasolwandle zihlala zingenye yezindlela zokuxwayisa nokuyala nokulawula amasosha, zinomthelela ekusetshenzisweni okunembile kwenqubo yansuku zonke, ukuzuza ukuhambisana nokucaca ezenzweni zamayunithi empini, imashi, amasu, amabanga okudubula, kanye nasekuqeqesheni. Ukusebenza kwe-S.M. kumacilongo, ama-fanfares kanye nezigubhu phakathi nemikhosi yezempi kubanika ukuhlonishwa okukhethekile kanye nemikhosi. Emabuthweni angaphansi kweSoviet Ibutho lisebenzisa icilongo ekushuneni kuka-C, i-fanfare ku-Es tuning kanye nesigubhu senkampani, emkhunjini wezempi i-bugle ekushuneni kuka-B. nangesikhathi semicimbi yezemidlalo (Imidlalo yama-Olympic, izinsuku zezemidlalo, imiqhudelwano, imiqhudelwano, imidlalo yobuciko), kwezobuciko. namafilimu okufundisa. I-Shepherd's, iposi, ujantshi wesitimela. izimpawu. Izimpawu ze-S.m. ziyisisekelo sabanye abaningi. umculo wamaqhawe nomfundisi. izihloko; yadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kohlobo lwezempi yokulwa. imashi.
References: Odoevsky VF, Okuhlangenwe nakho ngolimi lomculo, noma ucingo ..., St. Petersburg, 1833; I-Altenburg JE, Versuch einer Anleitung zur heroisch-musikalischen Trompeter- und Pauker-Kunst, Halle, 1795.
XM Khakhanyan
