Yuri Khatuevich Temirkanov |

Yuri Temirkanov

Wazalwa ngoDisemba 10, 1938 eNalchik. Uyise, uTemirkanov Khatu Sagidovich, wayeyinhloko yoMnyango Wezobuciko Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Republic, wayengumngane nomqambi uSergei Prokofiev, owasebenza ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-1941 eNalchik. Ingxenye yeqembu le-Moscow Art Theatre edumile nayo yaxoshwa lapha, phakathi kwayo kwakukhona uNemirovich-Danchenko, Kachalov, Moskvin, Knipper-Chekhova, owayedlala edolobheni laseshashalazini. Imvelo kayise kanye nesimo seshashalazi saba yisitebhisi somculi wesikhathi esizayo ekujwayelaneni nesiko eliphezulu.

Othisha bokuqala Yuri Temirkanov kwaba Valery Fedorovich Dashkov futhi Truvor Karlovich Sheybler. Lona wakamuva ungumfundi waseGlazunov, owathweswa iziqu ePetrograd Conservatory, umqambi kanye ne-folklorist, waba nesandla kakhulu ekwandiseni ama-horizons obuciko kaYuri. Lapho uTemirkanov eqeda isikole, kwanqunywa ukuthi kungaba ngcono ukuba aqhubeke nezifundo zakhe edolobheni laseNeva. Ngakho e-Nalchik, u-Yuri Hatuevich Temirkanov wanqunywa kusengaphambili indlela eya eLeningrad, idolobha elamenza waba umculi nomuntu.

Ngo-1953, u-Yuri Temirkanov wangena eSecondary Special Music School eLeningrad Conservatory, ekilasini levayolini likaMikhail Mikhailovich Belyakov.

Ngemva kokuqeda isikole, uTemirkanov wafunda eLeningrad Conservatory (1957-1962). Efunda ekilasini le-viola, elaliholwa nguGrigory Isaevich Ginzburg, u-Yuri ngesikhathi esifanayo waya emakilasini aqhuba u-Ilya Aleksandrovich Musin noNikolai Semenovich Rabinovich. Esokuqala samkhombisa ubuchwepheshe obunzima bomsebenzi we-conductor, owesibili wamfundisa ukuphatha umsebenzi wombhidisi ngokugcizelela ukubaluleka. Lokhu kwashukumisela u-Y.Temirkanov ukuba aqhubeke nemfundo yakhe.

Kusukela ngo-1962 kuya ku-1968, uTemirkanov waphinda waba umfundi, wabe esethweswa iziqu emnyangweni oqhubayo. Ngemva kokuphothula ngo-1965 ekilasini le-opera ne-symphony eqhuba, wenza i-debut yakhe e-Leningrad Maly Opera ne-Ballet Theatre emdlalweni othi "La Traviata" kaG. Verdi. Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yomqhubi ngaleyo minyaka kwakukhona i-Love Potion kaDonizetti (1968), i-Gershwin's Porgy and Bess (1972).

Ngo-1966, uTemirkanov oneminyaka engu-28 ubudala wathola umklomelo wokuqala ku-II All-Union Conducting Competition eMoscow. Ngokushesha ngemva komncintiswano, waya e-America no-K. Kondrashin, D. Oistrakh kanye ne-Moscow Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra.

Kusukela ngo-1968 kuya ku-1976 u-Yuri Temirkanov wahola i-Academic Symphony Orchestra ye-Leningrad Philharmonic. Kusukela ngo-1976 kuya ku-1988 wayengumqondisi wezobuciko kanye nomqhubi omkhulu weKirov (manje eyiMariinsky) Opera neBallet Theatre. Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, le midlalo yeshashalazi yadlala imidlalo eyingqopha-mlando njengethi “War and Peace” ka-S. Prokofiev (1977), “Dead Souls” kaR. Shchedrin (1978), “Peter I” (1975), “Pushkin” (1979) kanye noMayakovsky Begins by A. Petrov (1983), Eugene Onegin (1982) and The Queen of Spades by PI Tchaikovsky (1984), Boris Godunov by MP Mussorgsky (1986), eyaba izehlakalo ezibalulekile empilweni yomculo wezwe futhi yamakwa. ngemiklomelo ephezulu. Abathandi bomculo hhayi baseLeningrad kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amadolobha amaningi babephupha ngokufika kule midlalo!

Umqondisi wezobuciko we-Bolshoi Drama Theatre GA Tovstonogov, ngemva kokulalela "u-Eugene Onegin" eKirovsky, wathi kuTemirkanov: "Yeka ukuthi ekugcineni udubula isiphetho sika-Onegin ... "

Ngeqembu laseshashalazini, uTemirkanov waqhubeka evakashela amazwe amaningi aseYurophu, okokuqala ngqa emlandweni weqembu elidumile - eNgilandi, naseJapane nase-USA. Waba ngowokuqala ukwethula amakhonsathi e-symphony ne-orchestra yaseKirov Theatre. Y. Temirkanov iqhutshwe ngempumelelo ezigabeni eziningi ze-opera ezidumile.

Ngo-1988, u-Yuri Temirkanov wakhethwa umqhubi oyinhloko kanye nomqondisi wezobuciko we-Honored Collective yaseRussia - i-Academic Symphony Orchestra ye-St. Petersburg Philharmonic eqanjwe ngo-DD Shostakovich. “Ngiyaziqhenya ngokuba ngu-elective conductor. Uma ngingaphosisi, kungokokuqala emlandweni wezomculo ukuthi iqoqo ngokwalo linqume ukuthi ngubani okufanele ahole. Kuze kube manje, bonke abaqhubi baqokiwe "abavela phezulu," kusho u-Yuri Temirkanov mayelana nokhetho lwakhe.

Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uTemirkanov enza khona esinye sezimiso zakhe eziyisisekelo: “Awukwazi ukwenza abaculi bahluleke ukwenza intando yomunye umuntu. Ukubamba iqhaza kuphela, ukwazi kuphela ukuthi sonke senza into eyodwa ndawonye, ​​kunganikeza umphumela oyifunayo. Futhi akazange alinde isikhathi eside. Ngaphansi kobuholi buka-Yu.Kh. I-Temirkanov, igunya nokuthandwa kwe-St. Petersburg Philharmonic kwanda ngendlela engavamile. Ngo-1996 yaqashelwa njengenhlangano yekhonsathi engcono kakhulu eRussia.

U-Yuri Temirkanov ucule nama-orchestra amaningi e-symphony amakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni: i-Philadelphia Orchestra, i-Concertgebouw (Amsterdam), i-Cleveland, i-Chicago, i-New York, i-San Francisco, i-Santa Cecilia, i-Philharmonic Orchestras: i-Berlin, i-Vienna, njll.

Kusukela ngo-1979, u-Y. Temirkanov ube ngumbhidisi oyisivakashi oyinhloko we-Philadelphia kanye ne-London Royal Orchestras, futhi kusukela ngo-1992 uye wahola le yokugcina. Khona-ke u-Yuri Temirkanov wayenguMqhubi Wezivakashi Oyinhloko we-Dresden Philharmonic Orchestra (kusukela ngo-1994), iDanish National Radio Symphony Orchestra (kusukela ngo-1998). Ngemva kokugubha iminyaka engamashumi amabili yokusebenzisana kwakhe neLondon Royal Orchestra, washiya isikhundla sombhidisi wayo oyinhloko, egcine isicoco sokuba Umbhidisi Ohloniphekile waleli qembu.

Ngemva kwemicimbi yezempi e-Afghanistan, u-Y. Temirkanov waba umqhubi wokuqala waseRussia ukuvakashela i-United States ngesimemo se-New York Philharmonic, futhi ngo-1996 eRoma waqhuba ikhonsathi yejubhili yokuhlonipha iminyaka engu-50 ye-UN. NgoJanuwari 2000, u-Yuri Temirkanov waba nguMqondisi Omkhulu kanye noMqondisi Wezobuciko we-Baltimore Symphony Orchestra (USA).

U-Yuri Temirkanov ungomunye wabaqhubi abakhulu bekhulu lama-60. Njengoba esewele umngcele wosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwesi-XNUMX, u-maestro useqophelweni eliphezulu lodumo, udumo nokuhlonishwa umhlaba wonke. Ujabulisa abalaleli ngobumnene bakhe obukhanyayo, ukuzimisela okuqinile, ukujula kanye nezinga lemibono yokwenza. “Lona ngumdidiyeli ofihla uthando ngaphansi kokubukeka okuqinile. Ukushukuma komzimba wakhe kuvame ukungalindelekile, kodwa kuhlale kuvinjelwe, futhi indlela yakhe yokuqopha, ukulolonga inqwaba yomsindo ngeminwe yakhe emnandi yenza i-orchestra enkulu engamakhulu abaculi” (“Eslain Pirene”). “Egcwele ubuhle, uTemirkanov usebenza neqembu le-orchestra okuhlanganiswe ngalo ukuphila kwakhe, umsebenzi wakhe, nesithombe sakhe…” (“La Stampa”).

Isitayela sokudala sikaTemirkanov sisekuqaleni futhi sihlukaniswa ngokugqama kwayo okukhanyayo. Uyazwela ezintweni ezingavamile zezitayela zabaqambi bezinkathi ezahlukene futhi ngobuqili, ngokuphefumulelwa uhumusha umculo wabo. Ubuciko bakhe buhlukaniswa ngendlela yomqhubi we-virtuoso, ngaphansi kokuqonda okujulile kwenhloso yombhali. Indima ka-Yuri Temirkanov ekukhuthazeni umculo we-Russian classical kanye nesimanje ibaluleke kakhulu eRussia nakwamanye amazwe omhlaba.

Ikhono le-maestro lokuthola kalula ukuxhumana nanoma yiliphi iqembu lomculo futhi lifinyelele isixazululo semisebenzi enzima kakhulu eyenziwayo liyancomeka.

U-Yuri Temirkanov wabhala inani elikhulu lama-CD. Ngo-1988, wasayina inkontileka ekhethekile nelebuli yokuqopha ye-BMG. I-discography ebanzi ihlanganisa okuqoshiwe ne-Academic Symphony Orchestra ye-Leningrad Philharmonic, ne-London Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, ne-New York Philharmonic…

Ngo-1990, kanye nabaculi base-Columbia, uTemirkanov baqopha i-Gala Concert enikezelwe ekugubheni iminyaka engu-150 yokuzalwa kuka-PI Tchaikovsky, lapho abadlali be-solo u-Yo-Yo Ma, I. Perlman, J. Norman babamba iqhaza.

Ukuqoshwa komculo ka-S. Prokofiev wefilimu ethi “Alexander Nevsky” (1996) kanye ne-Symphony No. 7 ka-D. Shostakovich (1998) baqokelwe uMklomelo we-Sgatt.

U-Yuri Temirkanov uhlanganyela ngokukhululekile amakhono akhe nabaqhubi abasha. Unguprofesa e-St. Petersburg Conservatory eqanjwe ngo-NA Rimsky-Korsakov, uprofesa ohlonishwayo ezikhungweni eziningi zangaphandle, kuhlanganise nelungu elihloniphekile le-US International Academy of Sciences, Industry, Education and Art. Uvame ukunikeza amakilasi ochwepheshe eCurtis Institute (Philadelphia), kanye naseManhattan School of Music (New York), e-Academia Chighana (Siena, Italy).

Yu.Kh. UTemirkanov - Umculi Wabantu we-USSR (1981), Umculi Wabantu we-RSFSR (1976), Umculi Wabantu we-Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR (1973), Umculi Ohlonishwe we-RSFSR (1971), owawina kabili imiklomelo ye-USSR State (1976). , 1985), owazuza uMklomelo Wombuso we-RSFSR oqanjwe ngo-MI Glinka (1971). Waklonyeliswa ngama-oda kaLenin (1983), “For Merit to the Fatherland” III degree (1998), i-Order yaseBulgaria kaCyril noMethodius (1998).

Ngokwemvelo yomsebenzi wakhe, uTemirkanov kufanele axhumane nabantu abamangalisa kakhulu nabakhanyayo, izibalo ezivelele zasekhaya nezangaphandle zesiko nezobuciko. Wayeziqhenya futhi eziqhenya ngobungane bakhe no-I. Menuhin, B. Pokrovsky, P. Kogan, A. Schnittke, G. Kremer, R. Nureyev, M. Plisetskaya, R. Shchedrin, I. Brodsky, V. Tretyakov, M. Rostropovich , S. Ozawa nabanye abaculi nabaculi abaningi.

Uhlala futhi usebenza eSt.