Giulia Grisi |

Giulia Grisi

F. Koni wabhala: “UGiulia Grisi ungumlingisi omangalisayo wesikhathi sethu; une-soprano eqinile, enomsindo, enomdlandla… ngala mandla ezwi uhlanganisa ukugcwala okumangalisayo nokuthambile komsindo, ukuphulula nokukhanga indlebe. Efunda izwi lakhe eliguquguqukayo nelilalelayo lifinyelele ekupheleleni, udlala nobunzima, noma, kunalokho, akabazi. Ukuhlanzeka okumangalisayo nokulingana kokuphimisela, ukwethembeka okungajwayelekile kwephimbo kanye nobuhle bangempela bobuciko bemihlobiso ayisebenzisayo ngokusesilinganisweni, kumnikeza ukucula okumangalisayo ... Ngazo zonke lezi zindlela ezibonakalayo zokusebenza, i-Grisi ihlanganisa izimfanelo ezibaluleke kakhulu: ukufudumala komphefumulo, ukufudumeza njalo ukucula kwakhe, umuzwa ojulile omangalisayo, ovezwa kokubili ekuculeni nasekudlaleni, kanye nekhono eliphezulu lobuhle, elihlale libonisa imiphumela yakhe yemvelo futhi lingavumeli ihaba nokuthinta. U-V. Botkin uyananela: “UGrisi unenzuzo ngaphezu kwabo bonke abaculi besimanje ukuthi, ngokucutshungulwa kahle kwezwi lakhe, ngendlela yobuciko kakhulu, ahlanganise ithalente eliphakeme kakhulu. Noma ubani owake wambona manje ... uyohlale enalesi sithombe esihle emphefumulweni wakhe, lokhu kubukeka okuvutha amalangabi kanye nale misindo kagesi eshaqisa ngaso leso sikhathi inqwaba yababukeli. Uminyene, akakhululekile ezindimeni ezizolile nezinezingoma; indawo yakhe yilapho ezizwa ekhululekile khona, isici sakhe somdabu siwuthando. Lokho u-Rachel akuyo enhlekeleleni, uGrisi ukwi-opera … Ngokucutshungulwa okuphelele kwezwi nendlela yobuciko, yebo, uGrisi uzocula kahle kakhulu noma iyiphi indima nanoma yimuphi umculo; ubufakazi [indima] kaRosina ku<em>The Barber of Seville, indawo ka-Elvira ku<em>The Puritans nezinye eziningi, ayehlala eyicula eParis; kodwa, siyaphinda, isici sakhe somdabu izindima ezibuhlungu ... "

U-Giulia Grisi wazalwa ngo-July 28, 1811. Uyise, uGaetano Grisi, wayeyisikhulu ebuthweni lamaNapoleon. Unina, uGiovanna Grisi, wayengumculi onekhono, kanti u-anti wakhe, u-Giuseppina Grassini, waduma njengomunye wabaculi abahamba phambili ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX.

Udadewabo kaGiulia omdala u-Giuditta wayene-mezzo-soprano ewugqinsi, wathola iziqu ze-honours e-Milan Conservatory, okwathi ngemva kwalokho wenza i-debut yakhe e-Vienna, e-Rossini's Bianca e Faliero, futhi ngokushesha wenza umsebenzi ohlakaniphile. Wacula ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini ezihamba phambili eYurophu, kodwa washeshe waphuma esiteji, washada nesikhulu u-Count Barney, futhi wafa esemncane ngo-1840.

I-biography ka-Julia ithuthuke ngokujabulisayo nangokothando. Ukuthi wazalwa engumculi kwabonakala kuwo wonke umuntu oseduze kwakhe: I-soprano emnene nemsulwa kaJulia yabonakala yenzelwe isiteji. Uthisha wakhe wokuqala kwakungudadewabo omdala, wabe esefunda noF. Celli noP. Guglielmi. G. Giacomelli wayelandela. Lapho uGiulia eneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa ubudala, uGiacomelli wayecabanga ukuthi umfundi wayeselungele ukuqala kwemidlalo yaseshashalazini.

Umculi osemusha wenza i-debut yakhe njengo-Emma (i-Rossini's Zelmira). Wabe eseya eMilan, lapho aqhubeka khona efunda nodadewabo omdala. U-Giuditta waba umsekeli wakhe. UJulia wafunda nothisha uMarlini. Kungemva kokulungiselela okwengeziwe lapho ephinde wavela khona esiteji. U-Giulia manje usecule ingxenye ye-Dorlisca ku-opera yokuqala kaRossini ethi Torvaldo e Dorlisca e-Teatro Comunale e-Bologna. Ukugxekwa kwaba kuhle kuye, futhi waqhubeka nohambo lwakhe lokuqala lwase-Italy.

EFlorence, umbhali wemidlalo yakhe yokuqala, uRossini, wamuzwa. Umqambi wazisa kokubili amakhono ezwi amahle kakhulu, nobuhle obungavamile, nokusebenza okumangalisayo komculi. Omunye umqambi we-opera, uBellini, naye wanqotshwa; Ukuqala komdlalo kwenzeka ngo-1830 eVenice.

I-Norma ka-Bellini yaqala ukuboniswa ngoDisemba 26, 1831. I-La Scala yamukela ngentshiseko hhayi kuphela i-Giuditta Pasta edumile. Umculi ongaziwa u-Giulia Grisi naye uthole ingxenye yakhe yehlombe. Udlale indima ka-Adalgisa ngesibindi esiphefumulelwe ngempela nekhono elingalindelekile. Ukudlala ku-“Norma” ekugcineni kube nomthelela ekuvunyelweni kwakhe esiteji.

Ngemva kwalokho, Julia ngokushesha wakhuphuka ileli lodumo. Uhambela inhloko-dolobha yaseFrance. Lapha, u-anti wakhe u-Giuseppina, owake wawina inhliziyo kaNapoleon, wahola inkundla yase-Italy. Umlaza omuhle wamagama wabe usuhlobisa indawo yaseParis: Catalani, Sontag, Pasta, Schröder-Devrient, Louise Viardot, Marie Malibran. Kodwa uRossini onamandla onke wasiza umculi osemusha ukuba ahlanganyele e-Opera Comic. Imidlalo ilandelwe kuSemiramide, kwase kuba ngu-Anne Boleyn noLucrezia Borgia, kwathi uGrisi wanqoba amaParis ayefuna ngamandla. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, wathuthela esiteji se-Italian Opera futhi ngokushesha, ngokusikisela kwePasta, waqaphela iphupho lakhe eliyigugu ngokwenza ingxenye yeNorma lapha.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, uGrisi wema elingana nezinkanyezi ezinkulu zesikhathi sakhe. Omunye wabagxeki wabhala: “Lapho uMalibran ecula, sizwa izwi lengelosi, liqondiswe esibhakabhakeni futhi lichichima inqwaba yezinhlamvu zangempela. Uma ulalela iGrisi, ubona izwi lowesifazane ocula ngokuzethemba nangobubanzi - izwi lendoda, hhayi umtshingo. Okulungile kulungile. U-Julia uwumfanekiso wesiqalo esinempilo, esinethemba, nesigcwele igazi eligcwele. Ngokwezinga elithile, waba isandulela sesitayela esisha, esingokoqobo sokucula okuwuchungechunge.

Ngo-1836, umculi waba unkosikazi Comte de Melay, kodwa akazange ayeke umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko. Ukunqoba okusha kumlindile ku-opera ka-Bellini ethi The Pirate, Beatrice di Tenda, Puritani, La sonnambula, Rossini's Otello, The Woman of the Lake, ka-Donizetti ka-Anna Boleyn, u-Parisina d'Este, u-Maria di Rohan, u-Belisarius. Ububanzi bezwi lakhe lwamvumela ukuba enze izingxenye ze-soprano ne-mezzo-soprano kalula ngokulinganayo, futhi inkumbulo yakhe eyingqayizivele yamvumela ukuba afunde izindima ezintsha ngesivinini esimangalisayo.

Ukuvakasha eLondon kwaletha ushintsho olungalindelekile esiphethweni sakhe. Wacula lapha ne-tenor edumile uMario. UJulia wayekade edlala naye kokubili ezitebhisini zaseParis nasezindaweni zokucwala, lapho kwabuthana khona wonke umbala we-Parisian artistic intelligentsia. Kodwa enhloko-dolobha yaseNgilandi, ngokokuqala ngqa, waqaphela ngempela u-Count Giovanni Matteo de Candia - lelo kwakuyigama langempela lomlingani wakhe.

Isibalo ebusheni bakhe, esezishiyile iziqu zomndeni nomhlaba, waba yilungu lenhlangano yenkululeko kazwelonke. Ngemva kokuphothula e-Paris Conservatory, isibalo esincane, ngaphansi kwegama elingelona iqiniso elithi Mario, saqala ukudlala esiteji. Ngokushesha waduma, walihamba lonke elaseYurophu, futhi wanikeza ingxenye enkulu yemali yakhe enkulu kubathandi bezwe base-Italy.

UJulia noMario bathandana. Umyeni womculi akazange aphikisane nesehlukaniso, futhi abaculi othandweni, bethola ithuba lokujoyina isiphetho sabo, bahlala bengenakuhlukaniswa hhayi kuphela empilweni, kodwa nasesiteji. Ukudlalwa kweqembu lomndeni kuma-opera uDon Giovanni, Umshado kaFigaro, Umshado Oyimfihlo, amaHuguenots, futhi kamuva ku-Il trovatore kwavusa ihlombe elivela emphakathini yonke indawo - eNgilandi, eJalimane, eSpain, eFrance, e-Italy, kanye neMelika. UGaetano Donizetti wababhalela enye yendalo yakhe enelanga, enethemba, i-opera ethi Don Pasquale, eyabona ukukhanya kwerempu ngoJanuwari 3, 1843.

Kusukela ngo-1849 kuya ku-1853, uGrisi, kanye noMario, badlala ngokuphindaphindiwe eRussia. Izithameli zaseRussia zizwe futhi zabona uGrisi endimeni kaSemiramide, Norma, Elvira, Rosina, Valentina, Lucrezia Borgia, Donna Anna, Ninetta.

Ingxenye ye-Semiramide ayikho phakathi kwezingxenye ezinhle kakhulu ezibhalwe nguRossini. Ngaphandle kokusebenza okufushane kukaColbrand kule ndima, empeleni, abekho abadlali abavelele ngaphambi kukaGrisi. Omunye wababuyekezi wabhala ukuthi emikhiqizweni edlule yale opera, “Kwakungekho Semiramide… ngokwengqondo noma esiteji.” "Futhi ekugcineni wavela - uSemiramis, inkosikazi yaseMpumalanga ebabazekayo, ukuma, ukubukeka, ukunyakaza nokuma - Yebo, nguye lo! Owesifazane omubi, imvelo enkulu. ”…

U-A. Stakhovich uyakhumbula: “Sekudlule iminyaka engu-XNUMX, kodwa angikwazi ukukhohlwa ukuvela kwakhe okokuqala …” Ngokuvamile, uSemiramide, ephelezelwa i-cortege ewubukhazikhazi, uvela kancane kancane ku-tutti ye-orchestra. UGrisi wenza ngendlela ehlukile: “… kungazelelwe owesifazane oyisidudla, onezinwele ezimnyama, egqoke ingubo emhlophe, enezandla ezinhle, ezingenalutho ukuya emahlombe, ngokushesha aphume; wakhothamela umpristi futhi, ephenduka ngesithombe sakudala esimangalisayo, wema phambi kwezilaleli zimangazwe ubuhle bakhe bobukhosi. Kwaduma ihlombe, kumemeza: bravo, bravo! – ungamvumeli ukuthi aqale i-aria. UGrisi waqhubeka nokuma, ecwebezela ngobuhle, ekumiseni kwakhe okubabazekayo futhi akazange aphazamise isingeniso sakhe esimangalisayo endimeni ngokukhothama ezithamelini.

Okwakuthakazelisa ngokukhethekile izethameli zaseSt. Petersburg kwakuwumdlalo kaGrisi ku-opera I Puritani. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, u-E. Frezzolini wahlala engumdlali ongenakuqhathaniswa wendima ka-Elvira emehlweni abathandi bomculo. Umbono kaGrisi wawumangalisa. “Konke ukuqhathanisa kwalibaleka…,” kubhala omunye wabagxeki, “futhi wonke umuntu wavuma ngokungangabazeki ukuthi sasingakakabi no-Elvira ongcono. Ubuhle bomdlalo wakhe baheha wonke umuntu. UGrisi unikeze le ndima izithunzi ezintsha zomusa, futhi uhlobo luka-Elvira aludala lungasebenza njengemodeli yabaqophi, abadwebi nezimbongi. AmaFulentshi namaNtaliyane abakayixazululi inkinga eyimpikiswano: kufanele ngabe ukucula kukodwa kunqoba ekuculweni kwe-opera, noma kufanele isimo sesiteji esikhulu sihlale ngaphambili - umdlalo. UGrisi, endimeni ka-Elvira, wanquma lo mbuzo evumelana nesimo sokugcina, efakazela ngokusebenza okumangalisayo ukuthi umlingisi uthatha indawo yokuqala esiteji. Ekupheleni kwesenzo sokuqala, indawo yokuhlanya yaqhutshwa nguye ngekhono eliphezulu kangangokuthi, ekhala izinyembezi ezivela kubabukeli abangenandaba kakhulu, wenza wonke umuntu wamangala ngethalente lakhe. Sijwayele ukubona ukuthi ubuhlanya besiteji bubonakala ngama-pantomime abukhali, angama-angular, ukunyakaza okungajwayelekile kanye namehlo azulazulayo. UGrisi-Elvira wasifundisa ukuthi ukuhlonishwa kanye nomusa wokunyakaza kungakwazi futhi kufanele kuhlukaniswe ngokuhlanya. UGrisi naye wagijima, waziphonsa, waguqa, kodwa konke lokhu kwakuhlonishwa ... Esenzweni sesibili, emshweni wakhe odumile: "Ngibuyisele ithemba noma ngiyeke ngife!" UGrisi wamangaza wonke umuntu ngombala wakhe ohluke ngokuphelele wokuvezwa komculo. Siyakhumbula umanduleli wakhe: le nkulumo ibilokhu isithinta, njengokukhala kothando olungenathemba, olungenathemba. UGrisi, lapho ephuma khona, wabona ukuthi ithemba lingenakwenzeka kanye nokulungela ukufa. Okuphakeme, okuhle kakhulu kunalokhu, asizwanga lutho.

Engxenyeni yesibili ye-50s, lesi sifo saqala ukubukela phansi izwi elicacile likaJulia Grisi. Walwa, welashwa, waqhubeka nokucula, nakuba impumelelo yangaphambili yayingasamphelezeli. Ngo-1861 washiya esiteji, kodwa akazange ayeke ukwenza amakhonsathi.

Ngo-1868 uJulia wacula okokugcina. Kwenzeke emngcwabeni kaRossini. Ebandleni likaSanta Maria del Fiore, kanye nekhwaya enkulu, uGrisi noMario bacula iStabat Mater. Lokhu kucula bekungokokugcina kulo mculi. Ngokusho kwabantu besikhathi sakhe, izwi lakhe lalizwakala lilihle futhi linomphefumulo, njengaseminyakeni engcono kakhulu.

Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, amadodakazi akhe womabili ashona ngokuzumayo, kwalandelwa uGiulia Grisi ngoNovemba 29, 1869.