Josef Krips |

UJoseph Krips

“Ngazalelwa eVienna, ngakhulela khona, futhi ngihlale ngikhangwa leli dolobha, lapho inhliziyo yomculo womhlaba ingishaya,” kusho uJosef Krips. Futhi la mazwi awachazi nje amaqiniso omlando wakhe, asebenza njengesihluthulelo sesithombe sobuciko somculi ovelele. U-Krips unelungelo lokuthi: “Yonke indawo engicula kuyo, bangibona kuqala njengomqhubi waseViennese, owenza samuntu ukwenza umculo waseViennese. Futhi lokhu kwaziswa kakhulu futhi kuyathandwa yonke indawo. ”

Abalaleli cishe kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika, labo okungenani abake bahlangana nobuciko bakhe obunamanzi, obujabulisayo, obuthandekayo, bazi i-Krips njengomqhele weqiniso onjalo, odakwe umculo, onomdlandla futhi oheha izethameli. U-Krips okokuqala ungumculi bese kuba ngumqhubi kuphela. I-Expressiveness ihlale ibaluleke kakhulu kuye kunokunemba, umfutho uphakeme kunokuqonda okuqinile. Akumangalisi ukuthi enale ncazelo elandelayo: “Ngokuhamba nangendlela efanele umakwe umbhidisi wesilinganiso sekota kusho ukufa kwawo wonke umculo.”

Isazi somculo sase-Austria u-A. Viteshnik sinikeza lo mfanekiso olandelayo wombhidisi: “UJosef Krips ungumbhidisi ohlakaniphile ozinikele ngokuphelele ekwenzeni umculo. Leli yiqembu lamandla, elidlala njalo nangothando lonke umculo; oza emsebenzini ngaphandle kokuthinta noma imikhuba, kodwa ngokuxhamazela, ngokunquma, ngedrama emnandi. Engathambekele ekucabangeni isikhathi eside, engacindezelwa izinkinga zesitayela, engakhathazwa imininingwane emincane noma ama-nuances, kodwa elokhu efuna konke, ushukumisa imizwelo yomculo engavamile. Akuyona inkanyezi ye-console, hhayi umqhubi wezilaleli. Noma iyiphi "i-tailcoat coquetry" ayijwayelekile kuye. Akasoze alungisa isimo sobuso noma ukushukuma komzimba wakhe phambi kwesibuko. Inqubo yomculo ibonakala ngokucacile ebusweni bakhe kangangokuthi yonke imicabango yezivumelwano ayifakiwe. Ngokuzidela, ngamandla anobudlova, ukuthinta okushisayo, okubanzi nokushanelayo, ngomoya ongenakuvinjelwa, uhola i-orchestra emisebenzini ayitholayo ngesibonelo sakhe. Akuyena umculi futhi hhayi i-anatomist yomculo, kodwa umculi-umculi othelela ngokuphefumulelwa kwakhe. Lapho ephakamisa induku yakhe, noma yiliphi ibanga phakathi kwakhe nomqambi liyanyamalala. U-Krips akaphakami ngaphezu kwamaphuzu - ungena ekujuleni kwawo. Ucula nabaculi, udlala umculo nabaculi, nokho ukwazi ukulawula ngokuphelele lokho okuculayo.”

Isiphetho sika-Krips njengomqhubi usekude nokuba msulwa njengobuciko bakhe. Ukuqala kwakhe kwakujabule - esengumfana wakhombisa ikhono lomculo kusenesikhathi, kusukela eneminyaka eyisithupha waqala ukufundela umculo, kusukela kweyishumi wayecula ekwayeni yesonto, eneminyaka eyishumi nane wayenekhono ekudlaleni ivayolini, i-viola, nopiyano. Wabe esefunda eVienna Academy of Music ngaphansi kokuqondisa kothisha abanjengo-E. Mandishevsky noF. Weingartner; ngemva kokusebenza iminyaka emibili njengomdlali wevayolini ku-orchestra, waba umqondisi wekwaya we-Vienna State Opera futhi eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye wama ku-console yayo ukuze ashaye u-Verdi's Un ballo e-maschera.

U-Krips wayehamba ngokushesha endaweni ephakeme yodumo: wahola izindlu ze-opera eDortmund naseKarlsruhe futhi kakade ngo-1933 waba umqhubi wokuqala we-Vienna State Opera futhi wathola ikilasi ku-alma mater yakhe, i-Academy of Music. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi, i-Austria yayibuswa amaNazi, futhi umculi othuthukayo waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye isikhundla sakhe. Wathuthela eBelgrade, kodwa ngokushesha isandla sikaHitler samthola lapha. UKrips wayenqatshelwe ukuqhuba. Kwaphela iminyaka eyisikhombisa esebenza kuqala njengomabhalane kwase kuba umgcini-sitolo. Kwakubonakala sengathi konke sekuphelile ngokuqhuba. Kodwa uKrips akazange akhohlwe ubizo lwakhe, futhi amaViennese akazange akhohlwe umculi wabo othandekayo.

Ngo-April 10, 1945, amasosha aseSoviet akhulula iVienna. Ngaphambi kokuba izidubedube zempi ziphele e-Austrian, u-Krips wayesesikhundleni somqhubi. NgoMeyi 1, uqhuba umdlalo onesizotha we-The Marriage of Figaro eVolksoper, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe amakhonsathi e-Musikverein aqala kabusha ngoSepthemba 16, iVienna State Opera iqala umsebenzi wayo ngo-Okthoba 6 ngokudlala kukaFidelio, nango-Okthoba 14. isizini yekhonsathi ivula eVienna Philharmonic! Phakathi nale minyaka, uKrips ubizwa ngokuthi "ingelosi enhle yokuphila komculo waseViennese".

Ngokushesha uJosef Krips wavakashela eMoscow naseLeningrad. Amakhonsathi akhe amaningana anemisebenzi kaBeethoven noTchaikovsky, uBruckner noShostakovich, uSchubert noKhachaturian, uWagner noMozart; umdwebi unikele ubusuku bonke ekuculweni kwama-waltzes kaStrauss. Impumelelo eMoscow yaphawula ukuqala kodumo lukaCrips emhlabeni wonke. Umenywe ukuyocula e-USA. Kodwa lapho umdwebi endizela phezu kolwandle, waboshwa iziphathimandla zezokufika wabekwa esiqhingini esidume kabi sase-Ellis. Ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva, wanikezwa ukuba abuyele eYurophu: babengafuni ukunikeza umculi odumile i-visa yokungena, owayesanda kuvakashela e-USSR. Ephikisana nokungangeneleli kukahulumeni wase-Austria, u-Krips akazange abuyele eVienna, kodwa wahlala eNgilandi. Isikhathi esithile wahola iLondon Symphony Orchestra. Kamuva, umqhubi wathola ithuba lokucula e-USA, lapho amukelwa ngokufudumele ngumphakathi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uKrips uhole ama-orchestra eBuffalo naseSan Francisco. Umqhubi wayevame ukuvakashela eYurophu, eqhuba njalo amakhonsathi nemidlalo ye-opera eVienna.

U-Krips uthathwa ngokufanelekile njengomunye wotolika abangcono kakhulu emhlabeni be-Mozart. Imidlalo yakhe e-Vienna yama-opera ethi Don Giovanni, The Abduction from the Seraglio, The Marriage of Figaro, kanye nezingoma eziqoshiwe zikaMozart nama-symphonies asenza siqiniseke ngobulungisa balo mbono. Indawo engabalulekile kangako ku-repertoire yakhe yathathwa uBruckner, ama-symphonies amaningi awenza okokuqala ngaphandle kwase-Austria. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-repertoire yakhe ibanzi kakhulu futhi ihlanganisa izinkathi nezitayela ezihlukahlukene - kusukela ku-Bach kuya kubaqambi besimanje.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969