Oda Abramovna Slobodskaya |

Oda Slobodskaya

Kukhona icala lapho inkulumo ethi "iminyaka efanayo no-Okthoba" ingazwakali njengesitembu esiminyene nesikhohliwe senkathi yamaSoviet, kodwa ithatha incazelo ekhethekile. Konke kwaqala kanje...

“Ngimbethe ingubo enothile, ngiphethe intonga esandleni, ngiphethe umqhele weNkosi yaseSpain uPhilip ekhanda lami, ngishiya isonto lombhishobhi ngiya esigcawini ... Ngaleso sikhathi, eNeva, eduze neNdlu Yabantu ukudubula kuvele kuzwakale. Njengenkosi engaphikisi, ngilalela kabuhlungu - ingabe lokhu kuyimpendulo kimi? Ukudubula kuyaphindwa. Kusukela ekuphakameni kwezitebhisi zesonto lombhishobhi, ngiyaqaphela ukuthi abantu baye bathuthumela. Isibhamu sesithathu nesesine - esisodwa emva kwesinye. Indawo yami ayinalutho. Abashayi bekwaya kanye nabengeziwe banyakazela emaphikweni futhi, sebekhohlwe abahlubuki, baqala ukuxoxa kakhulu ngokuthi iyiphi indlela yokugijima… Ngemva komzuzu, abantu bagijima babuyela esiteji bathi amagobolondo andiza abheke kolunye uhlangothi futhi akukho okusabisayo. Sahlala esteji saqhubeka nomdlalo. Izilaleli zasala ehholo, nazo zingazi ukuthi zigijime ngaphi, ngakho zanquma ukuhlala zinganyakazi.

Kungani izibhamu? sabuza izithunywa. - Futhi lokhu, uyabona, i-cruiser "Aurora" ishaya i-Winter Palace, lapho uHulumeni Wesikhashana uhlangana khona ...

Lesi siqeshana esidumile esivela enkumbulweni ka-Chaliapin ethi "I-Mask and the Soul" saziwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Akwaziwa ukuthi ngalolu suku olungasoze lwalibaleka, ngo-Okthoba 25 (November 7), 1917, kwenzeka i-debut esiteji se-opera yomculi osemusha ongaziwa u-Oda Slobodskaya, owenza ingxenye ka-Elizabeth.

Zingaki amathalenta amangalisayo aseRussia, kuhlanganise nabahlabeleli, baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye izwe lakubo ngemva kokuketulwa kwamaBolshevik ngesizathu esisodwa noma esinye. Ubunzima bempilo yaseSoviet babonakala bengenakubekezelelwa kwabaningi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona Slobodskaya.

Lo mculi wazalelwa eVilna ngoNovemba 28, 1895. Wafunda eSt. Petersburg Conservatory, lapho afunda khona ekilasini lokucula no-N. Iretskaya nasekilasini le-opera no-I. Ershov. Esengumfundi, wadlala ku-symphony yesi-9 kaBeethoven eqhutshwa uSergei Koussevitzky.

Ngemva kwe-debut ephumelelayo, umculi osemusha waqhubeka ecula e-People's House, futhi ngokushesha wavela esiteji se-Mariinsky Theatre, lapho aqala khona njengoLisa (phakathi kwezinye izindima kuleyo minyaka kwakunguMasha eDubrovsky, Fevronia, uMargarita. Indlovukazi yaseShemakhan, u-Elena eMephistopheles). ). Nokho, udumo lwangempela wafika Slobodskaya phesheya kuphela, lapho wahamba ngo-1921.

Ngo-June 3, 1922, i-premiere yomhlaba wonke ka-F. Stravinsky's Mavra yenzeke eParis Grand Opera njengengxenye ye-entreprise kaDiaghilev, lapho umculi wadlala indima enkulu yeParasha. U-Elena Sadoven (Umakhelwane) noStefan Belina-Skupevsky (Hussar) nabo bacule kulo mbukiso wokuqala. Yilokhu kukhiqizwa okwaphawula ukuqala komsebenzi ophumelelayo njengomculi.

I-Berlin, ivakashela ikhwaya yase-Ukraine eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, idlala eMexico, eParis, eLondon, eHolland, eBelgium - lezi yingqopha-mlando yendawo yomlando wakhe wokudala. Ngo-1931, ngemva kweminyaka engu-10 ukusebenza ngokuhlanganyela Petrograd, isiphetho futhi kuletha ndawonye Slobodskaya futhi Chaliapin. ELondon, uhlanganyela naye ohambweni lweqembu le-opera A. Tsereteli, ucula ingxenye kaNatasha ku-"Mermaid".

Phakathi kwempumelelo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-Slobodskaya ngo-1932 e-Covent Garden njenge-Venus e-Tannhauser kanye no-L. Melchior, ngesizini ka-1933/34 e-La Scala (ingxenye ye-Fevronia) futhi, ekugcineni, ukubamba iqhaza ku-premiere yamaNgisi ye-opera ka-D. Shostakovich "I-Lady Macbeth yesifunda saseMtsensk", eyenziwa ngo-1936 ngu-A. Coates eLondon (ingxenye kaKaterina Izmailova).

Ngo-1941, ekuphakameni kwempi, u-Oda Slobodskaya wabamba iqhaza kuphrojekthi yesiNgisi ethakazelisa kakhulu, eyenziwa ngumqhubi odumile, ongowokuzalwa eRussia, u-Anatoly Fistulari *. I-Sorochinskaya Fair kaMussorgsky yadlalwa eSavoy Theatre. Slobodskaya wacula indima Parasi ku opera. UKira Vane naye wabamba iqhaza kule phrojekthi, echaza lokhu kukhiqizwa ngokuningiliziwe ezincwadini zakhe.

Kanye nokusebenza esiteji se-opera, uSlobodskaya wasebenza ngempumelelo emsakazweni, wabambisana ne-BBC. Ubambe iqhaza lapha ekusebenzeni kwe-Queen of Spades, enza ingxenye ye-Countess.

Ngemva kwempi, umculi wayehlala futhi esebenza eNgilandi, eqhuba imisebenzi yekhonsathi ngentshiseko. Wayengumhumushi ohlakaniphile wemisebenzi yekamelo ka-S. Rachmaninov, A. Grechaninov, I. Stravinsky futhi, ikakhulukazi, N. Medtner, ayesebenza naye ngokuphindaphindiwe ndawonye. Umsebenzi walo mculi ulondolozwe ekurekhodweni kwezinkampani zegilamafoni i- His Masters Voice, Saga, Decca (zothando zikaMedtner, ezisebenza nguStravinsky, J. Sibelius, “Incwadi kaTatyana” ngisho nengoma kaM. Blanter ethi “In the Front Forest”). Ngo-1983, inani lokuqoshwa kwe-Slobodskaya lanyatheliswa yinkampani ye-Melodiya njengengxenye ye-disc yombhali we-N. Medtner.

U-Slobodskaya waqeda umsebenzi wakhe ngo-1960. Ngo-1961 wavakashela i-USSR, evakashela izihlobo eLeningrad. Umyeni kaSlobodskaya, umshayeli wendiza, wafa phakathi nempi e-Battle of England. Slobodskaya wafa ngoJulayi 30, 1970 eLondon.

Qaphela:

* Anatoly Grigoryevich Fistulari (1907-1995) wazalelwa Kyiv. Wafunda noyise eSt. Petersburg, owayengumqhubi owaziwayo ngesikhathi sakhe. Wayeyingane ehlakaniphile, eneminyaka eyisikhombisa wenza i-symphony yesi-6 kaTchaikovsky ne-orchestra. Ngo-1929 washiya eRussia. Ubambe iqhaza emabhizinisini ahlukahlukene. Phakathi kwemikhiqizo ye-opera kukhona u-Boris Godunov no-Chaliapin (1933), i-Barber yaseSeville (1933), i-Sorochinskaya Fair (1941) nabanye. Udlale neRussian Ballet yaseMonte Carlo, iLondon Philharmonic Orchestra (kusukela ngo-1943). Ubuye wasebenza e-USA naseNew Zealand. Wayeshade nendodakazi kaGustav Mahler Anna.

E. Tsodokov