Konke mayelana ne-Yakut khomus

Uma ucabanga ngokuba ingcweti kwensimbi yomculo yoqobo, kunengqondo ukunaka i-Yakut khomus. Ukufunda ukudlala ihabhu lomJuda akunzima ikakhulukazi, kodwa umculo osafufusa ngeke ushiye noma ubani engenandaba.

I-Yakut khomus, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-vargan, iyinsimbi yomculo yabantu bomdabu baseRiphabhulikhi yaseSakha. Kuyavunywa ukuthi umlando wokuba khona kwawo uhlehlela emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezi-5. Ihlala ibhekwa njengemfanelo yama-shaman, i-khomus inomsindo ongaqondakali, njengomsindo we-cosmic, owuhlukanisa nawo wonke amanye amathuluzi omculo. Kuthiwa into engena entendeni yesandla sakho iyakwazi “ukucula ngezwi lemvelo.” Namuhla, ihabhu lomJuda aligcini nje ngokuthi "umhlanganyeli" emasikweni ama-shamanic, kodwa futhi liwuphawu lwesiko labantu.

Ngaphambili, kwakuyisiko ukubaza i-Yakut khomus ngokhuni noma ngethambo, uzama ukuyinikeza ngaphandle isimo somuthi owashaywa umbani. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi lapho umoya unyakazisa umuthi onjalo, kuzwakala imisindo engaqondakali. Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu babeyibheka njengengcwele futhi baze bagcine nama-chips awelayo. Ihabhu lanamuhla ngokuvamile lenziwa ngensimbi, elinezinzuzo ezinkulu. Ekuqaleni, iphinda i-khomus yokhuni, kodwa namuhla ibukeka njenge-horseshoe, njengoba yakhiwe umugqa nezinti ezimbili ezinde, okuthiwa "izihlathi".

Ulimi lwensimbi luqala phakathi nomugqa futhi luhamba phakathi "kwezihlathi". Ngemva kokudlulisa izinti, le ngxenye iyagoba, yakhe ipuleti elidlidlizayo elinephuzu eligobile, elikwazi ukukhiqiza imisindo. I-Vargan ivame ukuhlotshiswa ngamaphethini kazwelonke, izincazelo zezinye zazo ezingakanqunywa.

KumaYakuts, ukusetshenziswa kwehabhu lomJuda kuyisenzo esisondelene kakhulu. AmaShaman ayesebenzisa insimbi yomculo ukulwa nezifo futhi asuse imimoya emibi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umculo “wesikhala” wawuvame ukuhambisana nezimemezelo zothando. Abesifazane baphinde badlale umculo ku-khomus - ngenxa yalokhu, ngisho nohlobo lonke lwezingoma ze-khomus kwakheka kancane kancane. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zanamuhla zase-Altai zivame ukudlala insimbi ngaphandle kwezandla ngenkathi zisenga izinkomo, okuthi, ukuzola, zinikeze ubisi olwengeziwe. Ngemva kwenguquko, ihabhu lomJuda lavinjelwa isikhathi esithile, kodwa namuhla leli siko liyavuselelwa, futhi abantu abaningi bayalithakasela leli thuba lokuqeqeshwa ongcweti.

Ukuze udlale i-Yakut khomus, ukugxila okugcwele kuyadingeka, ngoba umculo kuzodingeka ubonwe hhayi ngezindlebe kuphela, kodwa nangomzimba wonke. Amakhosi omculo we-vargan aphinde athi ngaphambi kokuqala ukuqeqeshwa nedivayisi, kuyadingeka ukuthi "uhlanganise", ugqoke njenge-pendant entanyeni noma ephaketheni lakho. Yiqiniso, akuvunyelwe ukudlulisela ihabhu lomJuda komunye umuntu phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kumnikazi wekhomus, icala layo lidlala indima ebalulekile. Isiko elivamile ukulenza libe sesimweni sesilwane se-totemic, noma ukusihlobisa ngesithombe somoya owawuzodlala indima yomgcini wensimbi.

I-Yakut khomus ingahluka kokubili ngesakhiwo, kuhlanganise nenani lemihlanga, futhi ezintweni ezikhiqizwayo, ukuphakama nethoni yomsindo okhishwayo. Kukhona kokubili amamodeli amancane nakhulisiwe. Ukuhlanzeka komsindo, ukujula nephimbo kuncike kubukhulu bedivayisi.

Umklamo we-Yakut khomus ulula kakhulu: isisekelo siyindandatho nolimi oluhamba ngokukhululekile. Ithuluzi lingaba eliqinile (lapho ulimi lunqunywa ngokushesha esisekelweni) noma luhlanganise (lapho ulimi oluhlukanisiwe lugxiliwe kwendandatho). Ngaphandle, ihabhu lomJuda lingafana ne-arc noma ipuleti elincane elincane. Izinhlobo ze-arcuate zenziwe ngezinduku zensimbi, phakathi nendawo lapho ingxenye yensimbi inamathiselwe, iphetha ngehhuku.

Amamodeli abizayo avame ukwenziwa ngesiliva noma induku yethusi, bese ehlotshiswe nge-inlay nokuqoshwa. Amahabhu e-Lamellar jew adalwe epuleti elilodwa, phakathi nendawo lapho kukhona i-slot, futhi ulimi lulungiswa ngokungeziwe noma luvele lunqunywe esisekelweni esifanayo. Amapuleti omculo ngokuvamile aklanywa ngokhuni, amathambo, noma ngoqalo.

Izinhlobo ze-Vargan ezikhona ezifundeni zezwe, nasemhlabeni wonke, zinemininingwane yazo. Isibonelo, i-Altai komuz iyithuluzi eliphakathi nendawo elinolimi olulula kanye nesisekelo se-oval. I-Multrommel yaseJalimane ingumshini omkhulu okhiqiza imisindo ephansi nephezulu. I-Vietnamese Dan Moi iyinhlobonhlobo ye-lamellar. Kufanele icindezelwe ezindebeni, okuholela kumsindo othambile, ophakeme futhi omude. Ulimi lwe-murchunga encane yaseNepal luba lubheke kolunye uhlangothi.

Nabo abaculi bahlezi bethuthukisa leli thuluzi. Ngakho, Ikhomus ka-Osipov ibhekwa njengethuluzi lomhlaba wonke, elilungele abaqalayo. Ikuvumela ukuthi udale umculo osheshayo, ongasheshi, othule futhi onomsindo, futhi ungazishaya wena kanye nawe. Ukuzwela nobubanzi akuhlukani ngobude, kodwa umsindo usalokhu uphilayo.

U-Vargan Luginov unomsindo ocebile kanye nohlu olubanzi lwama-overtones.

I-Yakut khomus yaseMandarov idume nge-timbre yayo ephansi. Ukwakhiwa kwensimbi ngolimi oluthambile kulungele ukusebenza okunomdlandla. Umsindo ovelayo ubizwa ngokuthi awunakuzithoba futhi awuhambisani nomsebenzi womculi.

I-khomuses emnandi yaseMaltsev ibhekwa ngokufanele njengenye yezinhle kakhulu. Umsindo ocacile, umsindo okhanyayo, i-timbre ephansi - konke lokhu kuchaza ukuthandwa kwalolu hlobo phakathi kwabadlali. Ukuqina okumaphakathi kolimi kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine isigqi ngisho nalapho i-tempo ishesha.

Inkosi yaseVargan uChemchoeva idala umsindo omkhulu futhi ogqamile. Ulimi lobunzima obuphakathi lufanele abadlali banoma iyiphi indlela.

I-Yakut khomus inolimi olulodwa kuya kwezine. Insimbi enemininingwane eyodwa izwakala kunothi elilodwa. Ukudlidliza kwayo kudalwe ngenxa yomoya okhishiwe futhi owuhogele, kanye nokukhuluma komdlali. Lapho umhlanga ukhula, umsindo uyanda.

Umsindo wehabhu lamaJuda ngokuyinhloko uhambisana nendlela abantu baseSiberia abacula ngayo emphinjeni. Umculo uheha ikakhulukazi lapho umdlali we-khomus eqala ukufaka inkulumo emisindweni, njengokungathi ucula ngehabhu lomJuda futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, akhulisa ukuvevezela. I-vargan ibhekwa njengethuluzi elizwakalayo elikhiqiza imisindo "ye-velvety", kodwa "ngenothi lensimbi". Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi umculo onjalo uyatholisa futhi ukwenze ulungele ukuzindla.

I-State Museum yaseKhomus, enesimo samazwe ngamazwe, itholakala edolobheni laseYakutsk. Lo mbukiso wethula imibukiso engaba yizinkulungwane eziyi-9 evela emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa iChukchi khomus, Tuvan folk, Indian, Mongolian nabanye abaningi. Isikhungo samasiko sasungulwa ngoNovemba 30, 1990 ngu-Academician we-Russian Academy of Sciences u-Ivan Yegorovich Alekseev. Namuhla kuyisikhungo samasiko esithuthuka ngenkuthalo, esibamba zonke izinhlobo zemicimbi, isikhwama esiyinhloko esikhula minyaka yonke.

Ukuvezwa kwehholo lokuqala kuvumela izihambeli ukuthi zijwayelane nezici zokwenza insimbi yomculo futhi zibone ukudalwa kongcweti abaziwayo, okuhlanganisa nalezo zekhulu le-18-19. Ihholo lesibili linikezelwe amahabhu amaJuda avela emazweni acishe abe ngu-90 ahlukahlukene. Kulapha lapho kunethuba lokujwayelana nemikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-bamboo, umhlanga, ithambo, insimbi, izinkuni kanye nezinhlanganisela zabo. Iqhaza elibalulekile lapha lidlalwa iqoqo le-khomusist Shishigin. Ehholo lesithathu, iqoqo likaFrederic Crane, elatholwa umnyuziyamu ngo-2009, lilindele izivakashi. Uprofesa waseMelika ubelokhu eqoqa imibukiso engaphezu kwamakhulu ayisithupha kusukela ngo-1961, futhi omdala kunayo yonke ihlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-14. Egunjini elilandelayo, ungafunda indaba ethokozisayo yokubeka irekhodi le-Guinness lokudlala i-khomus ngesikhathi esisodwa ngo-2011, futhi ubone isampula ekade isesikhaleni.

Ukuze ufunde ukudlala ihabhu lomJuda, kufanele uqale uqonde indlela eyisisekelo, bese, ngemva kokufunda ukugcina isigqi, uqale ukwenza ngcono. Ukubamba i-khomus ngendlela efanele akunzima njengoba kungase kubonakale. Uthatha indandatho ngesandla sakhe esiholayo, emva kwalokho "izihlathi" zangaphandle zicindezelwa ngokuqinile emazinyweni ukuze kwakhiwe igebe elincane. Kubalulekile ukuthi ulimi ludlule phakathi kwamazinyo, kodwa lungawathinti. Ukuze ihabhu lomJuda likhale, udinga ukwenza ulimi lunyakaze. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngomunwe wenkomba, othintwa kancane kule ngxenye.

Izifundo zokudlala i-khomus ziphinde zisho ukwazi izindlela eziyisisekelo zokushaya ulimi. Abaculi bakusasa kuzofanele bafunde ukusonta ngebhulashi lamahhala, kuyilapho beshaya ngomunwe ogobile ngaphambili kwengxenye. Ngokusheshisa noma ukwehla kwesigqi, kokubili amandla kanye nezinga lalesi senzo somshini siyashintsha. Akunqatshelwe ukushintshanisa ibhulashi ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi uthinte umunwe wakho olimini.

Ukusetha isiqondiso somsindo kutholakala ngenxa yezitho zokukhuluma. Isibonelo, uma ugoqa izindebe zakho emzimbeni, khona-ke umculo wehabhu lomJuda uzoshuba kakhulu. Ukudlidliza kolimi nokunyakaza kwezindebe nakho kuzosiza.

Ukuthi i-Yakut khomus izwakala kanjani, bheka ividiyo engezansi.