Anna Yakovlevna Petrova-Vorobieva |

U-Anna Petrova-Vorobieva

Kungekudala, iminyaka eyishumi nantathu kuphela, umsebenzi ka-Anna Yakovlevna Petrova-Vorobyeva waqhubeka. Kodwa ngisho nale minyaka yanele ukubhala igama lakhe emlandweni wobuciko baseRussia ngezinhlamvu zegolide.

“... Wayenezwi elimangalisayo, ubuhle namandla angandile, i-timbre “velvet” kanye nohlu olubanzi (ama-octave amabili nohhafu, kusukela ku-“F” amancane kuya ku-“B-flat” i-octave yesibili), umoya wesiteji onamandla. , wayenekhono lokukhuluma i-virtuoso,” kubhala uPruzhansky. “Engxenyeni ngayinye, umculi ubelwela ukuthola ubumbano oluphelele lwezwi nesiteji.

Omunye owayephila ngesikhathi somculi wabhala: “Uzophuma nje, manje uzobona umlingisikazi omkhulu nomculi ophefumulelwe. Njengamanje, umnyakazo wakhe wonke, wonke amavesi, zonke izikali zigcwele impilo, umuzwa, izithombe zobuciko. Izwi lakhe eliwumlingo, umdlalo wakhe wokudala ucela ngokulinganayo enhliziyweni yazo zonke izithandwa ezibandayo nezivuthayo.

U-Anna Yakovlevna Vorobieva wazalwa ngo-February 14, 1817 e-St. Wathweswa iziqu eSt. Petersburg Theatre School. Okokuqala wafunda ekilasini le-ballet lika-Sh. Didlo, bese kuba sekilasini lokucula lika-A. Sapienza kanye no-G. Lomakin. Kamuva, u-Anna wathuthuka kwezobuciko bezwi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-K. Kavos noM. Glinka.

Ngo-1833, ngenkathi esengumfundi esikoleni setiyetha, u-Anna wenza i-debut yakhe esiteji se-opera nengxenye encane ye-Pipo ku-Rossini ethi The Thieving Magpie. Abaqaphi baqaphela ngokushesha amakhono akhe ezwi avelele: i-contralto ayitholakali ngamandla nobuhle, inqubo enhle kakhulu, ukuzwakala kokucula. Kamuva, umculi osemusha wenza njengoRitta ("Tsampa, umphangi wasolwandle, noma umakoti weMarble").

Ngaleso sikhathi, isiteji sobukhosi sasicishe sinikezwe i-opera yase-Italy, futhi umculi osemusha akakwazanga ukudalula ithalente lakhe ngokugcwele. Naphezu kwempumelelo yakhe, ngemva kokuphothula ekolishi, u-Anna waqokwa umqondisi we-Imperial Theaters A. Gedeonov ekwayeni ye-Opera yaseSt. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uVorobyeva wabamba iqhaza kumadrama, i-vaudeville, ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene, okwenziwe ngamakhonsathi okudlalwa kwe-arias yaseSpain nezothando. Kuphela ngenxa yemizamo ka-K. Cavos, owazisa izwi nethalenta lesiteji somculi osemusha, wathola ithuba lokucula ngoJanuwari 30, 1835 njengo-Arzache, okwathi ngemva kwalokho wabhaliswa njengomculi oyedwa we-St. .

Ngemva kokuba i-soloist, uVorobieva waqala ukufunda ingoma ethi "belkanto" - ikakhulukazi ama-opera kaRossini noBellini. Kodwa kwenzeka isenzakalo esashintsha isiphetho sakhe kungazelelwe. UMikhail Ivanovich Glinka, owaqala ukusebenza ku-opera yakhe yokuqala, wahlukanisa ababili phakathi kwabaculi abaningi be-opera yaseRussia ngokubheka okungaqondakali nokungena komculi, futhi wabakhetha ukuba benze izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-opera yesikhathi esizayo. Futhi abakhethwanga kuphela, kodwa futhi baqala ukubalungiselela ukugcwaliseka komsebenzi onomthwalo wemfanelo.

“Abaculi badlala nami indima ngentshiseko eqotho,” ekhumbula kamuva. "UPetrova (ngaleso sikhathi owayesenguVorobyova), umculi onethalente elingavamile, wayehlale engicela ukuthi ngimculele kabili wonke umculo omusha, okwesithathu wayesecula kahle amagama nomculo futhi azi ngekhanda ... "

Uthando lomculi ngomculo kaGlinka lwakhula. Ngokusobala, nalapho umbhali wanelisekile ngempumelelo yakhe. Kunoma ikuphi, ekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1836, wayesebhale kakade iqembu labathathu elineqembu lomculo elithi, “Awu, hhayi mina, ompofu, umoya onamandla,” ngamazwi akhe, “ecabangela izindlela nethalenta le UNksz Vorobyeva.”

Ngo-April 8, 1836, umculi wasebenza njengesigqila emdlalweni weshashalazi othi "Moldavian Gypsy, noma Gold and Dagger" ka-K. Bakhturin, lapho ekuqaleni kwesithombe sesithathu wenza i-aria nekwaya yabesifazane ebhalwe nguGlinka.

Ngokushesha i-premiere ye-opera yokuqala ka-Glinka, umlando womculo waseRussia, yenzeka. U-VV Stasov wabhala kamuva:

NgoNovemba 27, 1836, i-opera kaGlinka ethi “Susanin” yanikezwa okokuqala…

Imisebenzi kaSusanin yayiwuchungechunge lwemikhosi kaGlinka, kodwa futhi nabadlali ababili abakhulu: u-Osip Afanasevich Petrov, owadlala indima kaSusanin, no-Anna Yakovlevna Vorobyeva, owadlala indima kaVanya. Lona wakamuva wayeseyintombazane encane kakhulu, unyaka kuphela ephuma esikoleni semidlalo yaseshashalazini futhi kuze kube yilapho uSusanin eqala ukukhasa ekwayeni, naphezu kwezwi lakhe elimangalisayo namakhono. Kusukela ekuculweni kokuqala kwe-opera entsha, bobabili laba baculi bakhuphukela ezingeni eliphezulu kangaka lobuciko, okwaze kwaba yileso sikhathi kungekho noyedwa wabadlali bethu be-opera owayefinyelele. Ngalesi sikhathi, izwi likaPetrov lase lithole konke ukuthuthukiswa kwalo futhi laba yilelo "bass elinamandla" elihle kakhulu uGlinka akhuluma ngalo kumanothi akhe. Izwi likaVorobieva lalingenye ye-contraltos engavamile kakhulu, emangalisayo kulo lonke elaseYurophu: ivolumu, ubuhle, amandla, ukuthamba - konke okukuyo kwamangaza umlaleli futhi kwenza kuye ngobuhle obungenakuvinjelwa. Kodwa izimfanelo zobuciko zabo bobabili abaculi zishiye emuva kakhulu ukuphelela kwamazwi abo.

Umuzwa omangalisayo, ojulile, oqotho, okwazi ukufinyelela ezindleleni ezimangalisayo, ubulula neqiniso, ukushisekela - yilokho okwabeka ngokushesha uPetrov noVorobyova endaweni yokuqala phakathi kwabadlali bethu futhi kwenza umphakathi waseRussia uhambe ngezixuku ukuyodlala "u-Ivan Susanin". U-Glinka ngokwakhe wabonga ngaso leso sikhathi sonke isithunzi salaba badlali ababili futhi ngozwela wathatha imfundo yabo yobuciko ephakeme. Kulula ukucabanga ukuthi abaculi abanekhono, kakade abanesiphiwo esicebile ngokwemvelo kwadingeka baqhubekele phambili kangakanani, lapho umqambi ohlakaniphile evele waba umholi wabo, umeluleki nothisha.

Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokhu ukusebenza, ngo-1837, u-Anna Yakovlevna Vorobyeva waba umkaPetrov. U-Glinka unikeze abasanda kushada isipho esibiza kakhulu, esiyigugu. Nansi indlela umculi ngokwakhe akhuluma ngayo ngakho kumamemori akhe:

“NgoSepthemba, u-Osip Afanasyevich wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngombono wokuthi yini azomnika yona njengenzuzo ehlelelwe u-Okthoba 18. Ehlobo, ngesikhathi semisebenzi yomshado, wakhohlwa ngokuphelele ngalolu suku. Ngalezo zinsuku ... umculi ngamunye kwakufanele anakekele ukuqamba lo mdlalo ngokwakhe, kodwa uma engazange aqhamuke nanoma yini entsha, kodwa engafuni ukunikeza endala, wayezifaka engozini yokulahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukusebenza kwenzuzo (enganginikeza yona. ngake ngabhekana nami), leyo kwakuyimithetho ngaleso sikhathi. I-Okthoba 18 ayikude, kufanele sinqume ngokuthile. Ukutolika ngale ndlela, safinyelela esiphethweni: ingabe u-Glinka angavuma ukwengeza esinye isigcawu sikaVanya ku-opera yakhe. Ku-Act 3, uSusanin uthumela u-Vanya enkantolo ye-manor, ngakho-ke kungaba lula ukwengeza ukuthi u-Vanya ugijima kanjani lapho?

Umyeni wami ngokushesha waya kuNestor Vasilyevich Kukolnik ukuze asitshele ngombono wethu. Umdlozi walalela ngokucophelela, wayesethi: “Woza, mfowethu, kusihlwa, uMisha uzoba nami namuhla, futhi sizoxoxa.” Ngehora lesi-8 kusihlwa, u-Osip Afanasyevich waya lapho. Ungena, abone ukuthi uGlinka uhlezi ophiyanoni futhi ehumuzela okuthile, noMpuli ulokhu ezulazula ekamelweni futhi evungazela okuthile. Kuvela ukuthi i-Puppeteer isivele yenza uhlelo lwesigcawu esisha, amagama aselungile, futhi u-Glinka udlala iphupho. Bobabili babambe lo mbono ngenjabulo futhi bakhuthaza u-Osip Afanasyevich ukuthi isiteji sizobe sesilungile ngo-Okthoba 18.

Ngakusasa, ngo-9 ekuseni, kuzwakala isimemezelo esinamandla; Angikakavuki, ngiyacabanga, ubani lona ofike ekuseni kangaka? Kungazelelwe othile ungqongqoza emnyango wegumbi lami, futhi ngizwe izwi likaGlinka:

- Ntokazi, vuka ngokushesha, ngilethe i-aria entsha!

Emizuzwini eyishumi ngase ngilungile. Ngiyaphuma, futhi u-Glinka usevele ehlezi epiyano futhi ubonisa u-Osip Afanasyevich isigcawu esisha. Umuntu angacabanga ukumangala kwami ​​lapho ngimuzwa futhi ngiqiniseka ukuthi isiteji sase silungile ngokuphelele, okungukuthi wonke ama-recitatives, andante kanye ne-allegro. Ngivele ngabama. Wasithola nini isikhathi sokuyibhala? Izolo besikhuluma ngaye! "Yebo, Mikhail Ivanovich," ngisho, "umthakathi nje." Futhi uvele amoyizele ngokunyenya futhi athi kimi:

– Mina nkosikazi, ngikulethele uhlaka, ukuze ukwazi ukuluzama ngezwi nokuthi lubhalwe ngobuhlakani yini.

Ngacula ngathola lokho ngobuchule nangephimbo. Ngemva kwalokho, wahamba, kodwa wathembisa ukuthumela i-aria maduze, futhi ahlele isiteji ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngo-Okthoba 18, ukusebenza kwenzuzo ka-Osip Afanasyevich kwakuyi-opera ethi A Life for the Tsar enesiqephu esengeziwe, esibe yimpumelelo enkulu; abaningi babiza umbhali nomenzi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lesi sigcawu esengeziwe sesibe yingxenye ye-opera, futhi ngale ndlela senziwa kuze kube yilolu suku.

Kwadlula iminyaka eminingana, futhi umculi onokubonga wakwazi ukubonga ngokwanele umzuzi wakhe. Kwenzeka ngo-1842, ngalezo zinsuku zikaNovemba, lapho i-opera ethi Ruslan noLyudmila yenziwa okokuqala eSt. Esikhathini sokuqala kanye nokusebenza kwesibili, ngenxa yokugula kuka-Anna Yakovlevna, ingxenye kaRatmir yenziwa ngumculi osemusha futhi ongenalwazi uPetrova, igama lakhe. Wacula ngokungesabi, futhi ezicini eziningi ngenxa yalesi sizathu i-opera yamukelwa kahle. “UPetrova omdala wavela emdlalweni wesithathu,” kubhala uGlinka kwethi Amanothi akhe, “wenza isiqephu sesithathu ngomdlandla kangangokuthi wajabulisa izilaleli. Kwaduma ihlombe elikhulu nangesikhathi eside, kwabiza mina kuqala, kwalandela uPetrova. Lezi zingcingo ziqhubekile nemidlalo engu-17 ... "Singeza ukuthi, ngokusho kwamaphephandaba angaleso sikhathi, umculi ngezinye izikhathi wayephoqeleka ukuthi ahlanganise i-aria kaRatmir izikhathi ezintathu.

U-VV Stasov wabhala:

“Izindima zakhe eziyinhloko, phakathi nenkathi yakhe yeminyaka eyi-10, kusukela ngo-1835 kuya ku-1845, zazikuma-opera alandelayo: u-Ivan Susanin, uRuslan noLyudmila – Glinka; "Semiramide", "Tancred", "Count Ori", "The Thieving Magpie" - Rossini; "Ama-Montagues namaCapulets", "Norma" - Bellini; "Ukuvinjezelwa kweCalais" - Donizetti; "Teobaldo futhi Isolina" - Morlacchi; “Tsampa” – Herold. Ngo-1840, yena, kanye nePasta yase-Italy edumile, ehlakaniphile, benza "i-Montagues ne-Capuleti" futhi baholele izethameli enjabulweni engachazeki ngokusebenza kwakhe okuthakazelisayo, okudabukisayo kwengxenye ye-Romeo. Ngawo lowo nyaka ucule ngokuphelela nomdlandla ofanayo nengxenye kaTeobaldo ethi Teobaldo e Isolina kaMorlacchi, okulibretto yayo efana kakhulu neMontagues and Capulets. Mayelana neyokuqala kulawa ma-opera amabili, uKukolnik wabhala kuKhudozhestvennaya Gazeta: “Ngitshele, uTeobaldo uthathe kubani ubulula obumangalisayo neqiniso lomdlalo? Amakhono esigaba esiphezulu kuphela avunyelwe ukuqagela umkhawulo wezinto ezinhle kakhulu ngesethulo esisodwa esiphefumulelwe, futhi, eheha abanye, ayasuswa, akhuthazelela kuze kube sekupheleni ukukhula kwezinkanuko, namandla ezwi, nokuncane kakhulu. izithunzi zendima.

Ukucula i-opera kuyisitha sokuthinta umzimba. Akekho umculi ongeke okungenani abe inhlekisa ngandlela thile ku-opera. UNksz Petrova kulokhu ushaya ngokumangala. Akuyona nje into ehlekisayo, ngokuphambene nalokho, yonke into engaphakathi kuye ibukeka kahle, inamandla, iyaveza, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, iyiqiniso, iyiqiniso! ..

Kodwa, ngokungangabazeki, kuzo zonke izindima zombhangqwana onekhono lobuciko, ezivelele kakhulu mayelana namandla kanye neqiniso lombala womlando, ngokujulile komzwelo nobuqotho, ngobulula obungenakuqhathaniswa neqiniso, kwakuyizindima zabo kuzwelonke elikhulu likaGlinka. ama-opera. Lapha abakaze babe nezimbangi kuze kube manje.”

Konke uVorobyeva ahlabelela ngakho kwakumgxeka umqeqeshi wekilasi lokuqala. Umdwebi wenza izingxenye ze-virtuoso zase-Italy ngendlela yokuthi waqhathaniswa nabahlabeleli abadumile - u-Alboni noPolina Viardo-Garcia. Ngo-1840, wacula no-J. Pasta, engalahlekelwa ikhono kumculi odumile.

Umsebenzi okhaliphile womculi waba mfushane. Ngenxa yomsindo omkhulu, nabaphathi beshashalazi baphoqe umculi ukuthi acule ezingxenyeni zabesilisa, waphelelwa yizwi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemva kokusebenza kwengxenye ye-baritone kaRichard ( "AmaPuritan"). Ngakho ngo-1846 kwadingeka ashiye esiteji, nakuba ngokusemthethweni Vorobyova-Petrova ohlwini opera iqembu yaseshashalazini kuze 1850.

Yiqiniso, waqhubeka nokucula kokubili kuma-salon nasendingilizini yasekhaya, esajabulisa abalaleli ngomculo wakhe. UPetrova-Vorobyeva wayedume ngokudlala kwakhe kwezothando nguGlinka, uDargomyzhsky, uMussorgsky. Udadewabo kaGlinka, u-LI Shestakova, ukhumbula ukuthi, lapho eqala ukuzwa ingoma kaMussorgsky ethi, The Orphan, eyadlalwa nguPetrova, “waqale wamangala, wabe esekhihla isililo ukuze angabe esakwazi ukuzola isikhathi eside. Akunakwenzeka ukuchaza ukuthi u-Anna Yakovlevna wahlabelela kanjani, noma kunalokho waveza; umuntu kufanele ezwe ukuthi indoda ehlakaniphile ingenzani, ngisho noma isiphelelwe izwi ngokuphelele futhi isikhulile kakade.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabamba iqhaza elijabulisayo empumelelweni yokudala yomyeni wakhe. UPetrov ukweleta okuningi ngokunambitheka kwakhe okuhle, ukuqonda okucashile kwezobuciko.

U-Mussorgsky ozinikele engomeni yomculi u-Marfa ethi "A Baby Came Out" kusukela ku-opera "Khovanshchina" (1873) kanye "Lullaby" (No. 1) kusukela kumjikelezo othi "Izingoma Nemidanso Yokufa" (1875). Ubuciko bomculi baziswa kakhulu ngu-A. Verstovsky, T. Shevchenko. Umculi uKarl Bryullov, ngo-1840, lapho ezwa izwi lomculi, wajabula futhi, ngokusho kokuvuma kwakhe, "ayikwazanga ukumelana nezinyembezi ...".

Umculi washona ngo-April 26, 1901.

"Wenzeni uPetrova, ufanelwe kanjani inkumbulo ende nenhle kangaka emhlabeni wethu womculo, obone abaculi abaningi abahle nabaculi abanikeze isikhathi eside kakhulu kwezobuciko kunoVorobyova ongasekho? wabhala i-Russian Musical Newspaper ngalezo zinsuku. – Futhi nakhu: A.Ya. UVorobyova kanye nomyeni wakhe, umculi nomculi ohlonishwayo ongasekho u-OA Petrov, babengabadlali bokuqala nabakhaliphile ezingxenyeni ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-opera kazwelonke yokuqala kaGlinka yaseRussia ethi Life for the Tsar – Vanya kanye noSusanin; KANYE NAMI Petrova ngesikhathi esifanayo wayengowesibili futhi omunye wabadlali abanamakhono kakhulu endimeni kaRatmir kuRuslan noLyudmila kaGlinka.