Galina Oleinichenko |

UGalina Oleinichenko

Lo nyaka unothile ngezinsuku zokukhumbula ongcweti besikole samagama sikazwelonke. Futhi sigubha owokuqala wabo ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, ngobusuku bangaphambi kwentwasahlobo okudala ilindelwe. Lokhu kufanekisela nakakhulu ngoba ithalenta leqhawe lethu langaleso sikhathi, noma iqhawe langaleso sikhathi, lihambisana nesimo sasentwasahlobo - elikhanyayo nelimsulwa, elimnene nelinomculo, lilula futhi linenhlonipho. Ngamafuphi, namuhla sihlonipha umculi omangalisayo uGalina Vasilievna Oleinichenko, ozwi lakhe elingenakulibaleka liye lazwakala emkhathini wethu wezwi iminyaka engaba ngamashumi amathathu futhi laziwa kakhulu yibo bonke abathandi be-opera.

UGalina Oleynichenko udume, okokuqala nje, njengenkanyezi ye-coloratura ye-Bolshoi Theatre yama-60-70s. Nokho, wafika eMoscow njengomculi osevele esungulwe, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ephumelele imincintiswano emithathu yezwi. Kodwa-ke, izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu zomsebenzi wakhe zihlotshaniswa nesiteji esikhulu se-opera sase-USSR: kwakukhona lapha, enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, okwakuyiphupho lokugcina kanye nephuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lomsebenzi wanoma yimuphi umculi waseSoviet, ukuthi ukucula nomculo womculi. ithalente lasesiteji ladalulwa kakhulu.

UGalina Oleinichenko wazalwa ngo-February 23, 1928 e-Ukraine, njengeNezhdanova enkulu eduze kwase-Odessa, okungokomfanekiso ngezinga elithile, njengoba kwakungu-Oleinichenko, kanye no-Irina Maslennikova, u-Elizaveta Shumskaya, uVera Firsova noBela Rudenko, okwesibili. ingxenye yekhulu le-1933 yadlala indima yokuba ngumqaphi kanye nomlandeli wezingoma ezihamba phambili ze-coloratura ecula esiteji se-Bolshoi Theatre, eqiniswa yi-coloratura enkulu yeminyaka yangaphambi kwempi, abalandela ngokushesha bakaNezhdanova - uValeria Barsova, u-Elena. Stepanova futhi Elena Katulskaya. Umculi wesikhathi esizayo waqala imfundo yakhe yomculo esemncane, efunda ihabhu eSikoleni Somculo Esikhethekile Seminyaka Eyishumi Yezingane. PS Stolyarsky. Lesi sikhungo semfundo, esasungulwa ngo-XNUMX, saziwa kabanzi ngobuningi bezwe lethu, ngoba kulapha lapho abaculi abaningi basekhaya abadumile baqala khona uhambo lwabo. Kwakungethuluzi elingavamile nelimangalisayo uGalina osemusha acabanga ukuxhumanisa ikusasa lakhe, efunda kanzima nangesifiso esikhulu. Kodwa-ke, isiphetho sashintsha kungazelelwe izinhlelo zakhe lapho umculi wesikhathi esizayo ethola isipho esimangalisayo - izwi, futhi ngokushesha waba umfundi womnyango wezwi we-Odessa Musical College.

I-Odessa yaleyo minyaka yahlala iyisikhungo esikhulu samasiko e-USSR, ithola lesi simo kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kokuguquguquka. Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-Odessa Opera House ingenye yezindala endaweni yoMbuso WaseRussia (yasungulwa ngo-1810), esikhathini esidlule izinkanyezi ze-opera zazikhanya esiteji sayo - njengoFyodor Chaliapin, uSalome Krushelnitskaya, uLeonid Sobinov, UMedea noNikolai Figner, uGiuseppe Anselmi, u-Enrico Caruso, uMattia Battistini, uLeone Giraldoni, uTitta Ruffo nabanye. Futhi nakuba eminyakeni yamaSoviet wawungasekho umkhuba wokumema izinkanyezi ze-opera zase-Italy, yaseshashalazini yaqhubeka ibambe isikhundla esiqinile emkhathini womculo wezwe elikhulu, esele phakathi kwamaqembu omculo angcono kakhulu e-USSR: izinga lochwepheshe Iqembu laliphezulu kakhulu, elizuzwe ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuba khona kwabasebenzi bokufundisa abaqeqeshwe kakhulu e-Odessa Conservatory (Abadlali bezivakashi be-Professors Yu.A. baseMoscow, Leningrad, Kyiv, Tbilisi, njll.

Indawo enjalo yaba nomthelela omuhle kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamakhono ochwepheshe, isiko elijwayelekile kanye nokunambitha kwethalente elincane. Uma kusekhona ukungabaza ekuqaleni kwezifundo zakhe, lapho ephothula ekolishi, uGalina wayazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ufuna ukuba umculi, ukuqhubeka nemfundo yakhe yomculo. Ngo-1948 wangena emnyangweni wezwi we-Odessa Conservatory. U-AV Nezhdanova ekilasini likaProfesa NA Urban, owathweswa iziqu nge-honours eminyakeni emihlanu ebekiwe.

Kodwa u-Oleinichenko waqala ekuqaleni esiteji sochwepheshe - emuva ngo-1952, esengumfundi, waqala ukubonakala esiteji se-Odessa Opera njengoGilda, owaba inkanyezi eqondisayo yomsebenzi wakhe. Naphezu kweminyaka yakhe encane kanye nokuntuleka kokuhlangenwe nakho okujulile kochwepheshe, u-Oleinichenko ngokushesha uthatha isikhundla somculi ohamba yedwa endaweni yaseshashalazini, edlala yonke ingoma ye-lyric-coloratura soprano. Kunjalo, ithalente lephimbo elimangalisayo lomculi osemncane libe neqhaza elikhulu kulokhu - unezwi elihle, eliguquguqukayo nelilula le-timbre esobala, esiliva, futhi uyazi kahle indlela ye-coloratura. Ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nomculo kwamvumela ukuthi afunde i-repertoire ehlukahlukene kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane. Kwakuyizinkathi ezintathu esiteji se-Odessa Opera eyanikeza umculi, ngaphezu kwesisekelo esiqinile semfundo yezwi etholwe e-Conservatory, isipiliyoni esidingekayo emsebenzini wobuciko, okwamvumela ukuba ahlale eyingcweti yesitayela esihle iminyaka eminingi. , njengoba besho, "ngaphandle kokusola".

Ngo-1955, umculi waba soloist ne "Kyiv Opera", lapho esebenze izinkathi ezimbili zonyaka. Ukushintshela endaweni yesithathu ebaluleke kakhulu yomculo yase-USSR kwakungokwemvelo, ngoba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwabonisa ukukhula okuphumelelayo komsebenzi, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwakubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kochwepheshe bomculi, ngoba lapha wahlangana khona. nezinkanyiso ze-opera yase-Ukraine yangaleyo minyaka, yahlangana nesiteji kanye nesiko lezinga eliphezulu lezwi. Ngaleso sikhathi, iqembu elinamandla ngokungavamile labaculi abasebasha, indima eqondile ye-coloratura soprano, langena esiteji saseKyiv. Ngaphezu kuka-Oleinichenko, u-Elizaveta Chavdar noBela Rudenko bakhanya eqenjini, u-Evgenia Miroshnichenko waqala uhambo lwakhe, ngemva kwesikhashana kunoLamar Chkonia. Yiqiniso, ukwakheka okunjalo okugqamile kunqume i-repertoire - abaqhubi nabaqondisi ngokuzithandela bahlela i-coloratura divas, kwakungenzeka ukucula izingxenye kuma-opera ayengavamile ukwenziwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bekunomncintiswano onzima enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi, isikhathi esiningi bekunokushuba okubonakalayo ebudlelwaneni babaculi. Mhlawumbe, lokhu futhi kwaba nendima esinqumweni sika-Oleinichenko sokwamukela isimemo esivela eMoscow esikhathini esithile kamuva.

Esikhathini sangaphambi kweMoscow, umculi wahlanganyela ngenkuthalo emiqhudelwaneni yokucula, ewina isicoco se-laureate emiqhudelwaneni emithathu. Wathola indondo yakhe yokuqala yegolide ngo-1953 eMkhosini Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wentsha nabafundi eBucharest. Kamuva, ngo-1956, kwaba khona ukunqoba ku-All-Union Vocal Competition eMoscow, futhi ngo-1957 waletha umculi osemusha ukunqoba kwangempela - indondo yegolide kanye ne-Grand Prix ku-International Vocal Competition e-Toulouse. Ukunqoba e-Toulouse kwakumnandi futhi kubalulekile ku-Oleinichenko, ngoba, ngokungafani nemincintiswano yangaphambilini lapho ebambe khona iqhaza, kwaba umncintiswano wezwi okhethekile osezingeni eliphezulu, ohlale uhlukaniswa nezinga eliphezulu labahlanganyeli kanye nokuqina okukhethekile kwejaji elivelele.

I-echo yokunqoba eFrance yandizela hhayi kuphela ezweni lakubo e-Ukraine - u-Oleinichenko, owayesenesikhathi eside ebheke eMoscow njengomculi othembisayo, wayenesithakazelo esijulile eBolshoi Theatre. Futhi ngo-1957 okufanayo, ukuqalwa kwakhe kwenzeka lapha: UGalina Vasilyevna waqala ukubonakala esiteji semidlalo yaseshashalazini enkulu yaseRussia engxenyeni yakhe eyintandokazi kaGilda, futhi abalingani bakhe ngalobo busuku babeyizingcweti ezivelele zomculo waseRussia - u-Alexei Ivanov wacula ingxenye yeRigoletto. , futhi u-Anatoly Orfenov wacula uMbusi waseMantua. Ukuqala kwaba yimpumelelo. U-Orfenov wakhumbula kamuva ngalesi senzakalo: “Ngenza ingxenye yoMbusi kulowo mdlalo, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngimazise kakhulu uGalina Vasilievna njengomculi omangalisayo nozakwethu omkhulu. Ngokungangabazeki, u-Oleinichenko, ngokusho kwayo yonke idatha yakhe, wahlangabezana nezidingo eziphakeme ze-Bolshoi Theatre.

Ukusebenza kwe-debut akuzange kube munye, okuvame ukwenzeka ngisho nalapho kuphumelela: kunalokho, u-Oleinichenko uba ngumculi weBolshoi yedwa. Ukube umculi wahlala e-Kyiv, mhlawumbe ngabe kukhona undunankulu empilweni yakhe, ngabe wathola iziqu ezilandelayo nemiklomelo ngokushesha, kuhlanganise nesihloko esiphezulu se-People's Artist ye-USSR, okungakaze kwenzeke, nakuba ayekade enzima kakhulu. kuyakufanelekela. Kodwa izimbangi zakhe uChavdar noRudenko, abaqhubeka nokucula ku-Kyiv Opera, bawuthola bengakafiki ngisho neminyaka engamashumi amathathu - leyo kwakuyinqubomgomo yezikhulu zamasiko zaseSoviet mayelana nezindlu ze-opera zikazwelonke. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Oleinichenko waba nenhlanhla yokusebenza kwelinye lamathiyetha amahle kakhulu emhlabeni, ezungezwe amakhosi adumile - njengoba wazi, izinga leqembu le-opera eminyakeni engu-60-70 laliphakeme kunanini ngaphambili. Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, lo mculi wavakashela phesheya neqembu laseshashalazini, ethola ithuba lokubonisa amakhono akhe kumlaleli wangaphandle.

UGalina Oleinichenko wadlala esiteji se-Bolshoi Theatre cishe ingxenye yesine yekhulu, wenza i-repertoire enkulu ngalesi sikhathi. Okokuqala, esiteji saseMoscow, umculi wakhanya ezingxenyeni zasendulo ze-lyric-coloratura, ezingcono kakhulu ezibhekwa njengeVioletta, Rosina, Suzanna, Snegurochka, uMarta kuMlobokazi we-Tsar's, Tsarevna Swan, Volkhova, Antonida, Lyudmila. Kulezi zindima, umculi ubonise amakhono ezwi angenamibandela, ubuciko bendlela ye-coloratura, kanye nomklamo wesiteji ocabangayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Oleinichenko akakaze ahlukane nomculo wesimanje - ingoma yakhe ye-operatic ihlanganisa izindima eziningana kuma-opera abaqambi baseSoviet. Ngisho neminyaka yokusebenza e-Odessa, wenza njengoNastya ku-opera kaDmitry Kabalevsky ethi Taras Family. I-repertoire yesimanje e-Bolshoi Theatre igcwaliswe ngenani lemidlalo emisha, phakathi kwabo: ukuqala kwemidlalo ye-opera ethi The Tale of a Real Man kaSergei Prokofiev (ingxenye ka-Olga), Isiphetho Sendoda ka-Ivan Dzerzhinsky (Zinka) , kanye no-Okthoba nguVano Muradeli (Lena).

Ukubamba iqhaza emdlalweni wokuqala esiteji sesiRashiya se-opera ekhaliphile kaBenjamin Britten ethi, Iphupho Lasebusuku LaseMidsummer, bekubaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini womculo wesimanje we-opera. UGalina Oleinichenko waba ngumdlali wokuqala waseRussia wengxenye enzima kakhulu futhi ethakazelisa kakhulu yendlovukazi yama-elves Titania ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo. Le ndima ingaphezu kokuxutshwa nazo zonke izinhlobo zamaqhinga ezwi, lapha isetshenziselwa ubuningi bokungenzeka kwalolu hlobo lwezwi. U-Oleinichenko wabhekana nale misebenzi ngobuhlakani, futhi isithombe asidala ngokufanelekile saba ngomunye wabaphambili kulo mdlalo, owahlanganisa abahlanganyeli bezinkanyezi - umqondisi u-Boris Pokrovsky, umqhubi uGennady Rozhdestvensky, umculi u-Nikolai Benois, abaculi u-Elena Obraztsova, Alexander Ognivtsev, Evgeny Kibkalo nabanye.

Ngeshwa, isiphetho asizange sinikeze uGalina Oleinichenko ngaphezulu kwesipho esinjalo, nakuba yena, yebo, wayeneminye imisebenzi ethakazelisayo nemidlalo emangalisayo. Umculi unake kakhulu imisebenzi yekhonsathi, wavakashela izwe nakwamanye amazwe ngenkuthalo. Uhambo lwakhe lwaqala ngokushesha ngemva kokunqoba eToulouse, futhi ingxenye yesine yekhulu leminyaka amakhonsathi eyedwa ka-Oleinichenko enziwa eNgilandi, eFrance, eGreece, eBelgium, e-Austria, eHolland, eHungary, eCzechoslovakia, eChina, eRomania, ePoland, eJalimane, njll. nge-arias evela kuma-opera, afakwe ku-repertoire yakhe yaseshashalazini, umculi odlalwa esiteji sekhonsathi kusuka ku-"Lucia di Lammermoor", "Mignon", "Manon" kaMassenet, coloratura arias kaRossini, Delibes. Izigaba zakudala zeChamber zimelelwa ngamagama kaGlinka, Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff, Bach, Schubert, Liszt, Grieg, Gounod, Saint-Saens, Debussy, Gliere, Prokofiev, Kabalevsky, Khrennikov, Dunaevsky, Meitus. U-Oleinichenko wayevame ukwenza izingoma zomdabu zase-Ukraine kusukela esiteji sekhonsathi. Umsebenzi wekamelo likaGalina Vasilievna uxhumeke eduze ne-Violin Ensemble yeBolshoi Theatre ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-Yuli Reentovich - uye wenza ngokuphindaphindiwe nalokhu kuhlanganisa kokubili ezweni lakithi nakwamanye amazwe.

Ngemva kokushiya i-Bolshoi Theatre, uGalina Oleinichenko wagxila ekufundiseni. Namuhla unguprofesa e-Russian Academy of Music. I-Gnesins, njengomeluleki, isebenzisana nohlelo lwamagama amasha.

Sifisela umculi nothisha omangalisayo impilo enhle kanye nempumelelo eyengeziwe yokudala!

A. Matusevich, operanews.ru