Birgit Nilsson |

UBirgit Nilsson

U-Birgit Nilsson ungumculi we-opera waseSweden kanye ne-dramatic soprano. Omunye wabaculi be-opera abadume kakhulu engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20. Uthole ukuqashelwa okukhethekile njengomhumushi ovelele womculo kaWagner. Esicongweni somsebenzi wakhe, u-Nilsson wahlabeka umxhwele ngamandla ezwi lakhe angenakuzikhandla anqoba i-orchestra, kanye nokulawula ukuphefumula okuphawulekayo, okwamvumela ukuba abambe inothi isikhathi eside ngendlela emangalisayo. Phakathi kozakwabo wayaziwa ngokudlala amahlaya kanye nesimilo sobuholi.

UMarta Birgit Nilsson wazalwa ngoMeyi 17, 1918 emndenini ompofu futhi wachitha bonke ubuntwana bakhe epulazini elisedolobheni laseVestra Karup, esifundazweni saseSkane, amakhilomitha ayi-100 ukusuka edolobheni laseMalmö. Kwakungekho ugesi noma amanzi epulazini, njengazo zonke izingane ezisakhula, kusukela esemncane wayesiza abazali bakhe ukuphatha ikhaya - ukutshala nokuvuna imifino, ubisi izinkomo, ukunakekela ezinye izilwane nokwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya edingekayo. Wayewukuphela kwengane emkhayeni, futhi uyise kaBirgit uNils Peter Swenson wayenethemba lokuthi uzoba umlandeli wakhe kulo msebenzi. UBirgit wayethanda ukucula kusukela ebuntwaneni futhi, ngamazwi akhe, waqala ukucula engakakwazi ukuhamba, wazuza ithalenta lakhe kunina u-Justina Paulson, owayenezwi elihle futhi ekwazi ukudlala i-accordion. Ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwesine, u-Birgit, isisebenzi esiqashiwe futhi cishe ilungu lomndeni wakwa-Otto, wamnika upiyano lwamathoyizi, ebona isithakazelo sakhe emculweni, ngokushesha uyise wamnika i-ogani. Abazali babeziqhenya kakhulu ngethalente lendodakazi yabo, futhi wayevame ukucula emakhonsathini asekhaya ezivakashi, amaholide edolobhana nasesikoleni samabanga aphansi. Esemusha, kusukela eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala, wayecula ekwayeni yesonto naseqenjini lemidlalo yeshashalazi eyimfundamakhwela edolobheni elingumakhelwane laseBastad. U-Kantor wadonsela ukunakekela emakhonweni akhe futhi wabonisa uBirgit kuthisha wokucula nomculo wasedolobhaneni lase-Astorp Ragnar Blenov, owasheshe waveza amakhono akhe futhi wathi: “Le ntokazi izoba umculi ovelele. Ngo-1939, wafunda naye umculo futhi wameluleka ukuthi athuthukise amakhono akhe.

Ngo-1941, uBirgit Nilsson wangena eRoyal Academy of Music eStockholm. Ubaba wayemelene nalokhu kukhetha, wayethemba ukuthi uBirgit uzoqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe futhi azuze umnotho wabo oqinile, wenqaba ukukhokhela imfundo yakhe. Imali yokufunda yabelwa ngumama emalini ayezibekele yona. Ngeshwa, u-Justina akazange akwazi ukujabulela ngokugcwele impumelelo yendodakazi yakhe, ngo-1949 washayiswa imoto, lo mcimbi wabhubhisa uBirgit, kodwa waqinisa ubuhlobo babo noyise.

Ngo-1945, esafunda esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme, uBirgit wahlangana noBertil Niklason, umfundi ekolishi lezilwane, esitimeleni, bathandana ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha wamcela umshado, ngo-1948 bashada. UBirgit noBertil bahlala ndawonye ukuphila kwabo konke. Ngezinye izikhathi wayehamba naye ohambweni oluthile emhlabeni, kodwa ngokuvamile wayehlala futhi esebenza ekhaya. UBertil wayengenasithakazelo ikakhulukazi emculweni, noma kunjalo, wayehlala ekholelwa ethalenteni lomkakhe futhi esekela uBirgit emsebenzini wakhe, njengoba nje ayesekela umsebenzi wakhe. UBirgit akakaze azilolonge ekhaya nomyeni wakhe: “Lezi zikali ezingapheli zingabhidliza imishado eminingi, noma okungenani izinzwa eziningi,” esho. Ekhaya, wathola ukuthula futhi wakwazi ukuhlanganyela imicabango yakhe noBertil, wayebonga ukuthi wayemphatha njengowesifazane ovamile, futhi akazange abeke "i-opera diva enkulu" phansi. Babengenazo izingane.

ERoyal Academy, othisha bakaBirgit Nilsson bezwi kwakunguJoseph Hislop no-Arne Sanegard. Nokho, wayezibheka njengomuntu ozifundisayo futhi wathi: “Uthisha ongcono kakhulu isiteji.” Wayibukela phansi imfundo yakhe yasekuqaleni futhi wathi impumelelo yakhe ibangelwe ithalente lemvelo: “Uthisha wami wokuqala wokucula wacishe wangibulala, owesibili wacishe waba mubi kangako.”

Ukuqala kukaBirgit Nilsson esiteji se-opera kwenzeka eRoyal Opera House eStockholm ngo-1946, endimeni ka-Agatha ku-KM Weber ethi "Free Shooter", wamenywa ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi komdlalo ukuze athathe indawo yomlingisi ogulayo. Umqhubi u-Leo Blech wayenganelisekile ngokusebenza kwakhe, futhi isikhathi esithile wayengathenjwa kwezinye izindima. Ngonyaka olandelayo (1947) waphasa ngempumelelo inhlolokhono, kulokhu kwakukhona isikhathi esanele, walungiselela kahle futhi ngobuhlakani indima yesihloko kuVerdi's Lady Macbeth ngaphansi kwenduku kaFritz Busch. Uzuze ukuqashelwa izithameli zaseSweden futhi wazuza indawo eqenjini lemidlalo yeshashalazi. E-Stockholm, udale iqoqo elizinzile lezindima ezivusa amadlingozi, okuhlanganisa uDonna Anna ovela ku-Mozart's Don Giovanni, Verdi's Aida, Tosca kaPuccini, Sieglind ovela kuWagner's Valkyrie, uMarshall ovela kuStrauss ethi The Rosenkavalier nabanye, abacula ngesiSwidi. ulimi.

Indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komsebenzi ka-Birgit Nilsson wamazwe ngamazwe yadlalwa nguFritz Busch, owamethula ku-Glyndebourne Opera Festival ngo-1951 njengo-Elektra wase-Idomeneo ka-Mozart, iNkosi yaseKrete. Ngo-1953, uNilsson wenza i-debut yakhe e-Vienna State Opera - kwaba inguquko emsebenzini wakhe, wayezohlala edlala lapho iminyaka engaphezu kwe-25. Lokhu kwalandelwa izindima zika-Elsa waseBrabant ku-Wagner's Lohengrin ku-Bayreuth Festival kanye ne-Brunnhilde yakhe yokuqala emjikelezweni ogcwele we-Der Ring des Nibelungen e-Bavarian State Opera. Ngo-1957, wenza i-debut yakhe e-Covent Garden endimeni efanayo.

Esinye sezehlakalo ezinkulu kakhulu empilweni yokudala ka-Birgit Nilsson sibheka isimemo sokuvulwa kwesizini ye-opera e-La Scala ngo-1958, endimeni kaPrincess Turandot G. Puccini, ngaleso sikhathi wayengumculi wesibili ongeyena umNtaliyane. umlando ngemuva kukaMaria Callas, onikezwe ilungelo lokuvula isizini eLa Scala. Ngo-1959, u-Nilsson wabonakala okokuqala e-Metropolitan Opera njengo-Isolde ku-Wagner's Tristan und Isolde, futhi walandela i-soprano yaseNorway u-Kirsten Flagstad ku-repertoire ka-Wagner.

U-Birgit Nilsson wayeyi-Wagnerian soprano ehamba phambili yosuku lwakhe. Nokho, naye wenza nezinye izindima eziningi ezidumile, ingqikithi repertoire yakhe ihlanganisa izindima ezingaphezu kuka-25. Ucule cishe kuzo zonke izikhungo ezinkulu ze-opera emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa iMoscow, Vienna, Berlin, London, New York, Paris, Milan, Chicago, Tokyo, Hamburg, Munich, Florence, Buenos Aires nezinye. Njengabo bonke abaculi be-opera, ngaphezu kwemidlalo yaseshashalazini, u-Birgit Nilsson wanikeza amakhonsathi ayedwa. Omunye wemidlalo yekhonsathi edume kakhulu kaBirgit Nilsson kwaba ikhonsathi neSydney Symphony Orchestra eqhutshwa uCharles Mackers ngohlelo oluthi "All Wagner". Lena bekuyikhonsathi yokuqala esemthethweni yokuvula i-Sydney Opera House Concert Hall ngo-1973 phambi kweNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II.

Umsebenzi kaBirgit Nilsson wawumude impela, wenza emhlabeni wonke cishe iminyaka engamashumi amane. Ngo-1982, uBirgit Nilsson wagcina ukubonakala esiteji se-opera eFrankfurt am Main njengo-Elektra. Ukuvalelisa okunesizotha esiteji kwakuhlelwe nge-opera ethi “Woman Without Shadow” kaR. Strauss eVienna State Opera, nokho, uBirgit ukhansele ukusebenza. Ngakho, ukudlala eFrankfurt kwaba okokugcina esiteji se-opera. Ngo-1984, wenza uhambo lwakhe lokugcina lwekhonsathi eJalimane futhi ekugcineni wawushiya umculo omkhulu. U-Birgit Nilsson wabuyela ezweni lakubo futhi waqhubeka ebambe amakhonsathi okusiza abantulayo, ahilela abahlabeleli abasha, emphakathini wendawo yomculo, owaqala ngo-1955 futhi wathandwa abathandi abaningi be-opera. Ubambe ikhonsathi yakhe yokugcina enjalo njengomculi ngo-2001.

U-Birgit Nilsson waphila impilo ende futhi enezigigaba. Ushone ngokuthula emzini wakhe ngoDisemba 25, 2005, eneminyaka engu-87. Ukucula kwakhe kusaqhubeka nokukhuthaza abadlali, abalandeli nabathandi be-opera emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukufaneleka kuka-Birgit Nilsson kwaziswa imiklomelo eminingi yombuso neyomphakathi evela emazweni ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise neSweden, Denmark, France, Germany, Austria, Norway, USA, England, Spain namanye. Ubeyilungu elihloniphekile lezikhungo eziningi zomculo nemiphakathi. ISweden ihlela ukukhipha i-banknote ye-2014-krona ku-500 ngesithombe sika-Birgit Nilsson.

U-Birgit Nilsson uhlele isikhwama sokuxhasa abaculi baseSweden abasebasha abanamakhono futhi wabaqokela umfundaze kulesi sikhwama. Umfundaze wokuqala wanikezwa ngo-1973 futhi usaqhubeka ukhokhwa ngokuqhubekayo kuze kube manje. Isisekelo esifanayo sahlela "i-Birgit Nilsson Award", ehloselwe umuntu ozuze, ngomqondo obanzi, into engavamile emhlabeni we-opera. Lo mklomelo unikezwa njalo eminyakeni emi-2-3, uyisigidi samadola futhi uyindondo enkulukazi emculweni. Ngokwentando kaBirgit Nilsson, lo mklomelo waqala ukuklonyeliswa eminyakeni emithathu ngemva kokufa kwakhe, wakhetha umnikazi wokuqala ngokwakhe futhi waba uPlacido Domingo, umculi omkhulu kanye nomlingani wakhe esiteji se-opera, owathola indondo ngo-2009 evela. izandla zeNkosi uCharles XVI yaseSweden. Owesibili owathola isicoco ngo-2011 nguConductor uRiccardo Muti.