Ayini amamitha enkondlo?

Ezinkondlo zesiRashiya, uhlelo lwe-syllabic-tonic lokuqinisekisa, olwethulwa ngesandla esilula sikaLomonosov noTrediakovsky, selwamukelwe. Ngamafuphi: ohlelweni lwe-tonic, inani lokucindezeleka emgqeni libalulekile, futhi uhlelo lwe-syllabic ludinga ukuba khona kwemvumelwano.

Ngaphambi kokuthi sifunde indlela yokunquma imitha yenkondlo, ake sivuselele inkumbulo yethu ngencazelo yamanye amagama. Usayizi uncike ekuhlelekeni kokushintshaniswa kwamagama agcizelelwe nangagxilile. Amaqembu ama-syllables aphindwayo emgqeni owodwa ayizinyawo. Banquma ubukhulu bevesi. Kodwa inani lezinyawo evesini elilodwa (umugqa) lizobonisa ukuthi ubukhulu buyifidi elilodwa, izinyawo ezimbili, izinyawo ezintathu, njll.

Ake sibheke osayizi abadume kakhulu. Ubukhulu bonyawo buncike ekutheni mangaki ama-syllables abenzayo. Isibonelo, uma kukhona uhlamvu olulodwa, khona-ke unyawo luphinde lube monosyllabic, futhi uma kukhona amahlanu, khona-ke luhambisana nezinhlamvu ezinhlanu. Ngokuvamile ezincwadini (izinkondlo) ungathola ama-syllable amabili (i-trochee ne-iambic) nama-syllable amathathu (i-dactyl, i-amphibrach, i-anapest) izinyawo.

Amagama amabili. Kunama-syllables amabili namamitha amabili.

I-Chorea - unyawo olunokucindezeleka kuhlamvu lokuqala. Igama elifanayo elisetshenziswa ngezinye izikhathi ukubiza lolu hlobo lonyawo igama elithi troche. IN iambic gcizelela kuhlamvu lwesibili. Uma igama lide, liphinde lisho ukucindezeleka kwesibili.

Imvelaphi yaleli gama iyathakazelisa. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, egameni lenceku kankulunkulukazi uDemeter, u-Yambi, owacula izingoma ezijabulisayo ezakhiwe kumitha ye-iambic. EGreece yasendulo, izinkondlo ezihlekisayo kuphela ezaqanjwa nge-iambic.

Ungayihlukanisa kanjani i-iambic ne-trochee? Ubunzima bungagwenywa kalula uma uhlela amagama ngama-alfabhethi. I-“trochee” iza kuqala, futhi ngokufanelekile, ukucindezeleka kwayo ku-syllable yokuqala.

Esithombeni esingakwesokudla ubona ukumelwa kohlaka kobukhulu kusetshenziswa izinombolo nezimpawu, futhi ngaphansi kwalo mbhalo ungafunda izibonelo zezinkondlo ezinobukhulu obunjalo obuvela enganekwaneni. Imitha ye-trochaic iboniswa kahle yinkondlo ka-AS Pushkin "Amademoni", futhi singathola izinyawo ze-iambic ekuqaleni kwenoveli edumile evesini elithi "Eugene Onegin".

Trisyllabic poetic metres. Kunamagama amathathu onyaweni, kanye nenani elifanayo losayizi.

I-Dactyl - unyawo lapho uhlamvu lokuqala lugcizelelwa, bese kuba ezimbili ezingacindezelwe. Igama livela egameni lesiGreki elithi dáktylos, elisho "umunwe". Unyawo lwe-dactylic lunamalunga amathathu kanti uzwane lunama-phalange amathathu. Ukusungulwa kwe-dactyl kuthiwa kwenziwa kunkulunkulu u-Dionysus.

I-Amphibrachium (Ama-amphibrachys esiGreki – amafushane nhlangothi zombili) – unyawo lwamagama amathathu, lapho ukucindezeleka kubekwa phakathi nendawo. I-Anapest (i-anapaistos yesiGreki, okungukuthi i-refled back) - unyawo olunokucindezeleka kuhlamvu lokugcina. Uhlelo: 001/001

Izici zamamitha anezinhlamvu ezintathu zikhumbuleka kalula emshweni: "I-LADY ikhiya isango kusihlwa." Isifinyezo esithi DAMA sifaka amagama amasayizi ngokulandelana: DActyl, AMFIBRACHY, Anapest. Futhi amagama athi “kusihlwa uvala isango” abonisa amaphethini okushintshana kwamagama.

Ukuze uthole izibonelo ezivela ezinganekwaneni zamamitha anamagama amathathu, bheka isithombe osibona ngaphansi kwalo mbhalo. I-Dactyl ne-amphibrachium zibonisa imisebenzi ka-M.Yu. Lermontov's "Clouds" kanye "It Stands Lonely in the Wild North." Unyawo lwe-anapestic lungatholakala enkondlweni ka-A. Blok ethi “To the Muse”:

Amamitha e-Polysyllabic akhiwa ngokuhlanganisa amamitha amabili noma amathathu alula (njengasemculweni). Ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezinyawo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezidume kakhulu yi-peon ne-penton.

I-Peon iqukethe amagama agcizelelwe kanye namathathu angacindezelwe. Ngokuya ngokubala kwe-syllable egcizelelwe, i-peons I, II, III kanye ne-IV iyahlukaniswa. Ekuguquleni isiRashiya, umlando we-peon uhlotshaniswa nabafaneli, abahlongoze njengemitha engama-syllable amane.

I-Penton – unyawo lwamagama amahlanu. Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zazo: “Penton No.. (ngokulandelana kohlamvu olugcizelelwe). I-pentadolniki edumile AV Koltsov, futhi "Penton No. 3" ibizwa ngokuthi "Koltsovsky". Njengesibonelo se-"peon" singacaphuna inkondlo kaR. Rozhdestvensky ethi "Moments", futhi sibonisa "i-pentone" nezinkondlo zika-A. Koltsov "Ungawubangi umsindo, rye":

Ukwazi ukuthi ayini amamitha wezinkondlo akudingekile kuphela ekuhlaziyweni kwezincwadi zesikole, kodwa nokukhetha ngendlela efanele lapho uqamba izinkondlo zakho. Ubumnandi bokulandisa buncike kusayizi. Kunomthetho owodwa kuphela lapha: lapho amagama angacindezelwe kakhulu onyaweni, ivesi lizwakala lishelela. Akulungile ukudweba impi esheshayo, isibonelo, nge-penton: isithombe sizobukeka sengathi sihamba kancane.

Ngiphakamisa ukuthi uphumule. Buka ividiyo enomculo omnandi bese ubhala emazwaneni ukuthi yini ongayibiza ngensimbi yomculo engavamile oyibona lapho?