U-Alfred Schnittke: vumela umculo wefilimu uze kuqala

Umculo namuhla ungena kuzo zonke izici zempilo yethu. Kunalokho, singasho ukuthi ayikho indawo enjalo lapho umculo ungazwakali khona. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusebenza ngokugcwele ku-cinematography. Sezadlula izinsuku lapho amafilimu ayeboniswa emabhayisikobho kuphela futhi umdwebi wezithombe odlala upiyano ehambisana nalokho okwakwenzeka esibukweni ngokudlala kwakhe.

Amafilimu angathuli athathelwa indawo amafilimu omsindo, sabe sesifunda ngomsindo we-stereo, kwase kuba izithombe ze-3D ezivamile. Futhi sonke lesi sikhathi, umculo kumafilimu wawuhlala ukhona futhi wawuyinto edingekayo.

Kodwa ama-moviegoers, abagxile esimisweni sefilimu, abacabangi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngalo mbuzo:. Futhi kukhona umbuzo othakazelisa nakakhulu: uma kukhona amafilimu amaningi, izolo, namuhla nakusasa, khona-ke singawutholaphi umculo ongaka kangangokuthi wanele wamadrama, izinhlekelele ezinama-comedies, nawo wonke amanye amafilimu. ?

 Mayelana nomsebenzi wabaqambi bamafilimu

Maningi amafilimu njengoba kunomculo, futhi awukwazi ukuphikisa lokho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umculo kufanele uqanjwe, wenziwe futhi uqoshwe kumculo wanoma iyiphi ifilimu. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba unjiniyela womsindo aqale ukuqopha iculo, othile udinga ukuqamba umculo. Futhi yilokhu kanye abaqambi bamafilimu abakwenzayo.

Noma kunjalo, udinga ukuzama ukunquma ngezinhlobo zomculo wefilimu:

• imifanekiso, egcizelela izehlakalo, izenzo, futhi empeleni - okulula kakhulu;
• kakade eyaziwa, wake wezwa, ngokuvamile zakudala (mhlawumbe ethandwa);
• Umculo obhalelwe ifilimu ethile ngokukhethekile ungase uhlanganise izikhathi ezibonisayo, izingqikithi zezinsimbi ngazinye nezinombolo, izingoma, njll.

Kodwa okufana ngazo zonke lezi zinhlobo wukuthi umculo osemafilimini awukahlali endaweni ebaluleke kakhulu.

Lezi zimpikiswano bezidingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe futhi kugcizelele ubunzima nokuncika okuthile kwezobuciko komqambi wefilimu.

Bese kuba sobala nesilinganiso sethalente nomqambi U-Alfreda Schnittke, owakwazi ukuziveza ngokuzwakalayo, okokuqala ngomsebenzi wakhe njengomqambi wefilimu.

 Kungani uSchnittka edinga umculo wefilimu?

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, impendulo ilula: izifundo at Conservatory kanye graduate esikoleni (1958-61), umsebenzi wokufundisa ungakabi lokusungula. Kodwa akekho owayejahe ukuthuma futhi enze umculo womqambi osemusha u-Alfred Schnittke.

Bese kusele into eyodwa kuphela: bhala umculo wamafilimu futhi uthuthukise ulimi lwakho nesitayela sakho. Ngenhlanhla, kuhlale kunesidingo somculo wefilimu.

Kamuva, umqambi ngokwakhe wayezothi kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-60s "wayezophoqeleka ukuthi abhale umculo wefilimu iminyaka engu-20." Lona kokubili umsebenzi wokuqala womqambi “wokuthola isinkwa sakhe sansuku zonke” kanye nethuba elihle kakhulu lokucwaninga nokuhlola.

U-Schnittke ungomunye wabaqambi abakwazi ukweqa imingcele yohlobo lwefilimu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo badale hhayi kuphela umculo "osetshenzisiwe". Isizathu salokhu ubuhlakani benkosi namandla amakhulu omsebenzi.

Kusukela ngo-1961 kuya ku-1998 (unyaka wokufa), umculo wawubhalelwe amafilimu namakhathuni angaphezu kuka-80. Izinhlobo zamafilimu anomculo ka-Schnittke zihluke kakhulu: kusukela enhlekeleleni ephezulu kuya kumahlaya, i-farce namafilimu mayelana nezemidlalo. Isitayela nolimi lomculo lukaSchnittke emisebenzini yakhe yefilimu kuhluke kakhulu futhi kuhluke kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke kuvele ukuthi umculo wefilimu ka-Alfred Schnittke uwukhiye wokuqonda umculo wakhe, odalwe ezinhlotsheni zemfundo ezibucayi.

Mayelana namafilimu ahamba phambili anomculo ka-Schnittke

Yebo, zonke zifanelwe ukunakwa, kodwa kunzima ukukhuluma ngazo zonke, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukubalula ezimbalwa:

• "Commissar" (dir. A. Askoldov) yavinjelwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ngenxa yezizathu zemibono, kodwa ababukeli basayibona ifilimu;
• "Isiteshi saseBelorussky" - ingoma yaqanjwa ikakhulukazi ifilimu ngu-B. Okudzhava, nayo ezwakala ngendlela yemashi (i-orchestration kanye nawo wonke umculo oka-A. Schnittka);
• "Ezemidlalo, ezemidlalo, ezemidlalo" (dir. E. Klimov);
• "Umalume Vanya" (dir. A. Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky);
• "Agony" (dir. E. Klimov) - umlingisi oyinhloko G. Rasputin;
• "I-White Steamer" - isekelwe endabeni kaCh. I-Aitmatov;
• "Indaba yokuthi Tsar Peter Washada kanjani noBlackamoor" (dir. A. Mitta) - ngokusekelwe emisebenzini ka-A. Pushkin mayelana ne-Tsar Peter;
• "Izinhlekelele Ezincane" (dir. M. Schweitzer) - ngokusekelwe emisebenzini ka-A. Pushkin;
• “Inganekwane Yokuzulazula” (dir. A. Mitta);
• "Imiphefumulo Efile" (dir. M. Schweitzer) - ngaphezu komculo wefilimu, kukhona "i-Gogol Suite" ye-Taganka Theater performance "Revision Tale";
• "I-Master and Margarita" (dir. Yu. Kara) - isiphetho sefilimu kanye nendlela eya ezilalelini kwakunzima futhi kunengxabano, kodwa inguqulo yefilimu ingatholakala ku-intanethi namuhla.

Izihloko zinikeza umbono wezindikimba nezakhiwo. Abafundi abaningi abahlakaniphile bazonaka amagama abaqondisi, abaningi babo abaziwayo nababalulekile.

Futhi kukhona nomculo opopayi, isibonelo, "Glass Harmonica," lapho, ngokusebenzisa uhlobo lwezingane nomculo ka-A. Schnittke, umqondisi u-A. Khrzhanovsky eqala ingxoxo mayelana nemisebenzi yobuciko obuhle.

Kodwa into engcono kakhulu ongayisho ngomculo wefilimu ka-A. Schnittke abangani bakhe: abaqondisi, abaculi abaculayo, abaqambi.

 Ekuqaleni kazwelonke emculweni kaSchnittke kanye ne-polystylistics

Lokhu kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nobuzwe, amasiko omndeni, nomuzwa wokuba isiko elithile likamoya.

Imvelaphi kaSchnittke yesiJalimane, yamaJuda nesiRashiya yahlanganiswa yaba yinto eyodwa. Kuyinkimbinkimbi, akujwayelekile, akujwayelekile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kulula futhi unekhono, umculi ohlakaniphile wokudala "angakwazi kanjani ukuhlanganisa" ndawonye.

Leli gama lihunyushwa ngokuthi: Ngokuphathelene nomculo kaSchnittke, lokhu kusho ukuthi izitayela ezihlukahlukene, izinhlobo nokunyakaza kuboniswa futhi kuboniswe: zakudala, i-avant-garde, ama-chorales asendulo namaculo okomoya, ama-waltzes ansuku zonke, ama-polkas, amamashi, izingoma, isiginci. umculo, i-jazz, njll.

Umqambi usebenzise amasu e-polystylistics kanye nekholaji, kanye nohlobo "lweshashalazi yezinsimbi" (incazelo ecacile necacile yama-timbres). Ukulinganisa okunembile okuzwakalayo kanye nedramaturgy enengqondo kunikeza isiqondiso okuqondiwe futhi kuhlele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezihluke kakhulu, okuhlukanisa phakathi kwangempela kanye nabahlanganyeli, futhi ekugcineni kusungulwe umgomo omuhle kakhulu.

Mayelana okuyinhloko nokubalulekile

             Ake sakhe imibono:

• ngefilimu yomcimbi, ifilimu engokomfanekiso, umculo ka-Alfred Schnittke ukwenza ucabange ngokubalulekile, into esemqoka empilweni yomuntu ngamunye, umphakathi, isizwe, sonke isintu;
• USchnittke wake wathi umculo “uwukukhala kwesikhathi okuzwakalayo.” Futhi akunandaba nhlobo ukuthi kungani lokhu kushiwo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uMfundisi aqonde, achaze futhi ahumushe “ukukhala, ukukhala, amazwi nokuhleba” kwabantu besikhathi sakhe kube imisindo yomculo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu besikhathi kanye nenzalo bayokuzwa lokho okuzwakala emiphefumulweni yethu;
• USchnittke ukhuluma nesilaleli sakhe ngolimi lomculo ngezinto ezibalulekile. Kodwa umuntu kumele afunde ukuluqonda lolu limi, kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho kuyofika ukuqonda kwemicabango yomqambi;
• Umculo wefilimu kaSchnittke ungasiza ekuqondeni, ngoba kukhona ukulandelana kwevidiyo, ngoba ukulalela nokubuka ngesikhathi esifanayo kulula kancane.

Futhi-ke - umhlangano nomculo ka-Alfred Schnittke, ingcweti yengxenye yesi-2 yekhulu lama-20. Akekho othembisa ukuthi kuzoba lula, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuthola umuntu ongaphakathi kwakho ukuze aqonde ukuthi yini okufanele ibe yinto ebalulekile ekuphileni.