I-Basso ostinato, i-basso ostinato |
IsiNtaliyane, sikhanya. – inkani, ibhesi
Enye yezindlela ezihlukile, i-osn. kuzindikimba eziphindaphindayo kubhesi enamazwi aphezulu ashintshayo. Isuka ku-polyphonic. izinhlobo zokubhala eziqinile, ezazine-cantus firmus efanayo, okuthi, lapho ziphindaphindiwe, zizungezwe ama-counterpoints amasha. Ngekhulu le-16-17. V. o. esetshenziswa kakhulu emdansweni. umculo. Eminye imidanso yasendulo—i-passacaglia, i-chaconne, neminye—yayimelela ukuhlukahluka ku-V. o. Leli fomu lasinda ngisho nangemva kokuba i-passacaglia ne-chaconne zilahlekelwe umdanso wazo. incazelo. V. o. futhi yangena kuma-arias namakhwaya ama-opera, ama-oratorio, ama-cantatas ekhulwini le-17-18. Imiculo ethile ithuthukile. Amafomula ka-V. Isithombe sika-V.V. idlulise isimo esisodwa, ngaphandle k.-l. ukuhlehla okuhlukile. Mayelana nobufushane bendikimba ka-V. o. abaqambi bafuna ukuyicebisa ngosizo lwamazwi aphikisanayo, i-harmonica. ukuhlukahluka kanye nezinguquko zethoni. iqoqo le-harmonic lezihloko V. o. kube nesandla ekuvunyweni kwe-homophone-harmonic. i-warehouse, nakuba zazivame ukuthunyelwa ku-polyphonic. i-invoyisi. Izindikimba V. mayelana. zazisekelwe kakhulu ekunyakazeni okufana nesikali (i-diatonic noma i-chromatic) phansi noma phezulu ukusuka ku-tonic kuya kokubusayo, ngezinye izikhathi ngokuthwebula izinyathelo ezincikene nayo. Kodwa kwakukhona nezindikimba ezikhethiwe kakhulu:
G. Purcell. Ode kusuku lokuzalwa lweNdlovukazi uMariya.
UMnu Thengisa. I-Ode eya e-St. Cecilia.
A. Vivaldi. Ikhonsathi yamaviolin angu-2 ne-orchestra a-moll, ukunyakaza II.
G. Muffat. I-Passacaglia.
D. Buxtehude. I-Chaconne yesitho.
JS Bach. I-Passacaglia yesitho.
JS Bach. I-Chaconne evela eCantata No. 150
JS Bach. Ikhonsathi ye-clavier ne-orchestra ku-d-moll, ingxenye II.
Izingoma ezifanayo. amafomula ayevame ukusetshenziswa kuzibalo zokuqala zebhesi zezingqikithi ze-neostinata. Lokhu kwabonisa ukusebenzisana kwabo ne-ostinato thematism, okwakuwuphawu lwekhulu le-17-18. Iphinde ithinte i-sonata thematics kuze kube yikhulu lama-20. (WA Mozart – quartet in d-moll, KV 421, L. Beethoven – sonata for upiano, op. 53, J. Brahms – sonata for upiyano, op. 5, SS Prokofiev – sonata No. 2 for FP – the indikimba eyinhloko yezingxenye zokuqala).
V. o. ku-passacaglia nama-chaconnes ekhulwini le-17-18. kwenzeke ngokhiye owodwa (i-JS Bach – Passacaglia ku-c-moll yesitho, i-Crucifixus isuka ku-mass ku-b-moll) noma yembuleke ngenani lokhiye. Esimweni sokugcina, ukuguquguquka kwenziwa ngokushintsha isihloko (JS Bach - Chaconne kusuka ku-cantata No. 150) noma ngokusebenzisa izixhumanisi ezincane zokuguquguquka, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukudlulisa isihloko kukhiye omusha ngaphandle kwe-melodic. izinguquko (D. Buxtehude – Passacaglia d-moll for isitho). Kweminye imikhiqizo. zombili lezi zindlela zahlanganiswa (JS Bach - ingxenye ephakathi ye-clavier concerto ku-d-moll); ngezinye izikhathi iziqephu zazifakwa phakathi kokwenziwa kwendikimba, ngenxa yokuthi ifomu laphenduka i-rondo (J. Chambonière - Chaconne F-dur for harpsichord, F. Couperin - Passacaglia ku-h-moll ye-harpsichord).
L. Beethoven wandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-V. o.; akayisebenzisanga nje kuphela njengesisekelo se-variational-cyclic. amafomu (isiphetho se-symphony yesi-3), kodwa futhi njengengxenye yefomu elikhulu lokulungisa imicabango nokubhuleka ngemva kokugijima okubanzi. Lezi yi-V. o. ekupheleni kwe-Allegro Symphony No. 9, lapho u-V. o. igxile ngokudabukisayo. izikhathi, ku-Vivace coda ye-Symphony No 7 futhi phakathi kwe-Vivace quartet op. 135.
L. Beethoven. I-symphony yesi-9, ukunyakaza I. I-symphony yesi-7, ukunyakaza I.
L. Beethoven. I-Quartet op. 135, ingxenye II.
Ukuma kokwethulwa okuphindaphindiwe kwento efanayo kunqotshwa izinguquko ku-dynamics yomsindo (kusuka ku-p ukuya ku-f noma ngokuphambene nalokho). Ngomoya ofanayo, njengomphumela wokuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwezithombe eziphambene, u-V. o. kukhodi ye-overture ye-opera ethi "Ivan Susanin" kaGlinka.
MI Glinka. "Ivan Susanin", uchungechunge.
Ngekhulu le-19 nele-20 inani le-V. iyanda. Izisekelo zayo ezimbili zinqunyiwe. izinhlobo. Eyokuqala isekelwe endikimbeni egxilile futhi iwukulandelana okucacile kokuhlukahluka kwayo okungokomfanekiso (I. Brahms - isiphetho se-Symphony No. 4). Okwesibili kugudluza isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi sisuke esihlokweni sokuqala, esiphenduka sibe into elula yokubopha, siye ku-melodic-harmonic. ukuthuthukiswa (SI Taneev - Largo kusukela ku-quintet op. 30). Zombili izinhlobo zibuye zisetshenziswe emikhiqizweni ezimele. (F. Chopin - Lullaby), futhi njengengxenye ye-sonata-symphony. imijikelezo, kanye nemisebenzi ye-opera ne-ballet.
Ukudlula imingcele yonkamisa, u-ostinato kancane kancane uba omunye wezimiso ezibalulekile zokubunjwa emculweni wekhulu le-19 nelama-20; izibonakalisa emkhakheni wesigqi, ukuvumelana, i-melodic. izingoma nezinye izindlela zomculo. ukuzwakalisa. Ngenxa ye-ostinato, ungakha umoya "wokuqina", "uthathekile", ugxile ku-c.-l. isimo esisodwa, ukucwiliswa emcabangweni, njll.; V. o. Ingasebenza futhi njenge-voltage booster. Lezi zizoveza. Amathuba ka-V mayelana. kakade isetshenziswe abaqambi bekhulu le-19. (AP Borodin, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, R. Wagner, A. Bruckner, nabanye), kodwa bathola ukubaluleka okukhethekile ekhulwini lama-20. (M. Ravel, IF Stravinsky, P. Hindemith, DD Shostakovich, AI Khachaturian, DB Kabalevsky, B. Britten, K. Orff nabanye, emisebenzini eyenziwa yizinhlobo ze-ostinato zemvelo ehlukahlukene kakhulu).
References: I-Prорреr L., I-basso ostinato njengesimiso sobuchwepheshe nesokwakha, В., 1926 (diss.); Litterscheid R., Emlandweni we-basso ostinato, eMarburg, ngo-1928; Nowak L., Izici eziyinhloko zomlando we-basso ostinato emculweni wasentshonalanga, W., 1932; Meinardus W., Indlela ye-basso ostinato ka-H. Purcell, Cologne, 1939 (diss.); U-Gurlill W., Ku-JS Bach's Ostinato Technique, в кн.: Umlando Womculo kanye Nemanje. Uchungechunge lwezindaba. I (izithasiselo zengobo yomlando ye-musicology), i-Wiesbaden, 1966; Вerger G., Ostinato, Chaconne, Passacaglia, Wolfenbüttel, (1968). См. также лит. при статьях Анализ музыкальный, Вариации, Форма музыкальная.
Vl. V. Protopopov
