UDenise Duval (uDenise Duval) |

UDenise Duval

I-Opera Museum yasePoulenc

1. UFrancis Poulenc kanye nobuciko bekhulu lama-20

“Ngiyazifela ngomculi nomuntu owenza umculo wemvelo okwenza uhluke kwabanye. Ezingqungqutheleni zezinhlelo zemfashini, izimfundiso amandla azama ukuzibeka, uhlala uwena - isibindi esiyivelakancane esifanele ukuhlonishwa, ”u-Arthur Honegger wabhalela uFrancis Poulenc kwenye yezincwadi zakhe. Lawa magama aveza i-quintessence ye-aesthetics kaPulenkov. Ngempela, lo mqambi unendawo ekhethekile phakathi kwabaqambi bekhulu lama-20. Ngemuva kwalawa magama abonakala ewubala (phela, wonke amakhosi amakhulu akhethekile kokuthile!) kufihla, nokho, iqiniso elibalulekile. Iqiniso liwukuthi ubuciko bekhulu lama-20, nakho konke ukuhlukahluka kwabo okumangalisayo, kunenombolo yezitayela ezijwayelekile. Ngendlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke, zingahlelwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: ukubusa kwe-formalism, okuxubene ne-aestheticism, okunongwe nge-anti-romaticism kanye nesifiso esiqeda amandla sobusha nokugumbuqelwa kwezithixo ezindala. Njengoba “bethengise” imiphefumulo yabo “kudeveli” wenqubekelaphambili nempucuko, abaculi abaningi baye bazuza impumelelo engavamile emkhakheni wezobuciko, okuyinto ephawulekayo ngokwayo. Nokho, ukulahlekelwa ngezinye izikhathi kwakukhulu. Ezimweni ezintsha, umdali, okokuqala, akasabonisi isimo sakhe sengqondo emhlabeni, kodwa wakha omusha. Uvame ukukhathazeka kakhulu ngokudala ulimi lwakhe lokuqala, okulimaza ubuqotho kanye nemizwelo. Ulungele ukudela ubuqotho futhi aphendukele ku-eclecticism, afulathele isimanje futhi athathwe ngesitayela - zonke izindlela zilungile uma ngale ndlela impumelelo ingafinyelelwa. Hamba ngendlela yakho, ungadlali ngokungaphezu kwesilinganiso nganoma iyiphi imfundiso engokomthetho, kodwa uzwe ukushaya kwezikhathi; ukuze uhlale uqotho, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ungabambeki "eceleni komgwaqo" - isipho esikhethekile esabonakala sifinyeleleka kwabambalwa. Abanjalo, isibonelo, uModigliani noPetrov-Vodkin ekudwebeni noma uPuccini noRachmaninoff emculweni. Akhona, vele, amanye amagama. Uma sikhuluma ngobuciko bomculo, i-Prokofiev iphakama njenge "rock", eyakwazi ukufeza inhlanganisela ehlakaniphile ye "physics" kanye "nezingoma". Umqondo kanye ne-architectonics yolimi lwangempela lobuciko aludalile akuphikisani nokuhlabelela nokucula, okuye kwaba izitha zokuqala zabadali abaningi abavelele, abagcina bezinikele ohlotsheni olukhanyayo.

Kungalesi sizwe esincane lapho uPoulenc engowakho, okwathi emsebenzini wakhe wakwazi ukuthuthukisa izici ezinhle kakhulu zesiko lomculo lesiFulentshi (kuhlanganise ne-"lyrical opera"), ukulondoloza ukushesha kanye nezingoma zemizwa, hhayi ukuhlala kude nenombolo. yempumelelo enkulu kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kobuciko besimanje.

U-Poulenc wasondela ekuqambeni ama-opera njengengcweti evuthiwe enezinto eziningi azifezile ngemuva kwakhe. Izingoma zakhe zokuqala zango-1916, kanti i-opera yokuqala, iBreasts of Tiresias, yabhalwa umqambi ngo-1944 (eyadlalwa ngo-1947 ku-Comic Opera). Futhi unezintathu zazo. Ngo-1956, kwaqedwa i-Dialogues of the Carmelites (umdlalo wokuqala womhlaba wonke wenziwa ngo-1957 e-La Scala), ngo-1958 i-The Human Voice (yadlalwa esiteji ngo-1959 ku-Opera Comic). Ngo-1961, umqambi wenza umsebenzi ongavamile kakhulu, iNkosazana yaseMonte Carlo, ayibiza ngokuthi i-monologue ye-soprano ne-orchestra. Igama lomculi waseFrance uDenise Duval lixhunywe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nazo zonke lezi zingoma.

2. UDenise Duval – “umnyuziyamu we-opera” kaPoulenc

Wambona, enomusa, emuhle, enesitayela, njengokungathi wehla emaseyili kaVan Dongen, ePetit Theatre, esiteji lapho imidlalo ngayinye ye-Opera Comic yahlelwa khona ngesikhathi esifanayo. Umqambi welulekwa ukuthi ambheke - umculi nomlingisikazi weFolies Bergère - umqondisi we-opera yakhe yokuqala, uMax de Rieux. UDuval, ezilolongela uTosca, washaya uPoulenc khona lapho. Ngokushesha waqaphela ukuthi akakwazanga ukuthola umlingisi ongcono kakhulu wendima eyinhloko Teresa-Tiresia. Ngaphezu kwamakhono akhe ephimbo agqamile, wayejatshuliswa inkululeko yobuciko kanye nomuzwa omuhle wokuhlekisa, okudingeka kakhulu ku-opera ye-buffoon. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, uDuval waba umhlanganyeli obaluleke kakhulu emidlalweni eminingi yokuqala yezwi nesiteji (ngaphandle kokukhiqizwa kweMilan ye-Dialogues, lapho ingxenye enkulu yenziwa nguVirginia Zeani).

UDenis Duval wazalwa ngo-1921 eParis. Ufunde e-Conservatory eBordeaux, lapho aqala khona ukudlala esiteji se-opera ngo-1943 eRural Honor (ingxenye kaLola). Umculi, owayenethalente elikhanyayo lokulingisa, akakhangwanga yisiteji se-opera kuphela. Kusukela ngo-1944, uye wazama ngokwakhe ekubukeni kabusha kwe-Folies Bergère edumile. Ukuphila kwashintsha kakhulu ngo-1947, lapho emenywa okokuqala eGrand Opera, lapho ecula khona ingoma ethi Salome ethi Herodias kaMassenet, wabe esecula ku-Opera Comic. Lapha wahlangana noPoulenc, ubungane bokudala obuqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekufeni komqambi.

Uchungechunge lokuqala lwe-opera ethi “Breasts of Tiresias”* lwabangela ukusabela okungaqondakali komphakathi. Abameleli abathuthuke kakhulu kuphela bomphakathi womculo abakwazile ukwazisa le farce ye-surrealistic esekelwe ekudlalweni kwegama elifanayo likaGuillaume Apollinaire. Kuphela i-opera elandelayo "Dialogues of the Carmelites", eyadalwa ngohlelo lwemidlalo yaseshashalazini "La Scala", yaba ukunqoba okungenamibandela komqambi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kube eminye iminyaka engu-10. Ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi kaDuval wokudlala wawuxhunywe iminyaka eminingana ne-Monte Carlo Theatre. Phakathi kwezindima ezenziwe kulesi siteji kubalwa uThais ku-opera kaMassenet enegama elifanayo (1950), uNinetta kwekaProkofiev ethi The Love for Three Oranges (1952), Concepcion in the Spanish Hour kaRavel (1952), Musetta (1953) nabanye. Ngo-1953 uDuval ucula eLa Scala eHonegger's oratorio Joan of Arc esigxotsheni. Ngawo lowo nyaka, wabamba iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kweRameau's Gallant Indies emcimbini weFlorentine Musical May. Ekuqaleni kwawo-50s, umculi wavakashela e-United States kabili ngempumelelo (ngo-1953 wacula ekukhiqizweni American i-opera The Breasts of Tiresias).

Ekugcineni, ngo-1957, ngokushesha ngemva kombukiso wokuqala oyimpumelelo eMilan, kwaba nomboniso wokuqala waseParis we-Dialogues des Carmelites**. Izithameli zajatshuliswa yi-opera ngokwayo kanye noDuval njengoBlanche. I-Poulenc, enganelisekile ngokukhiqizwa kweMilanese yesiNtaliyane kakhulu, inganeliseka ngalesi sikhathi. Isitayela se-parlando ekugcineni sanqoba isitayela se-bel canto. Futhi indima ebaluleke kakhulu kulolu shintsho lwe-opera yadlalwa ithalente lobuciko likaDuval.

Umvuthwandaba womsebenzi kaPoulenc, kanye nomsebenzi kaDuval wokudlala, kwakuyi-mono-opera ethi Izwi Lomuntu***. I-premiere yayo yomhlaba wonke yenzeka ngoFebhuwari 6, 1959 e-Opera Comic. Ngokushesha i-opera yenziwa eLa Scala (1959), kanye nasemikhosini e-Edinburgh, Glyndebourne nase-Aix-en-Provence (1960). Futhi yonke indawo ukwakheka okwenziwe nguDuval kwakuhambisana nokunqoba.

Kulo msebenzi, u-Poulenc wazuza ukukholisa okumangalisayo kwemizwa yomuntu, ukunotha kwephimbo okumangalisayo kolimi lomculo. Lapho eqamba umculo, umqambi wayebala uDuval, emandleni akhe okuhlanganisa ngokumangalisayo isithombe sowesifazane olahliwe. Ngakho-ke ngelungelo eligcwele singacabangela umculi njengombhali kanye naye wale ngoma. Futhi namuhla, ukulalela ukusebenza komculi "Izwi Lomuntu", awukwazi ukuhlala ungenandaba nekhono lakhe elimangalisayo.

Umsebenzi oqhubekayo kaDuval ngemva kokunqoba kwe-mono-opera wathuthuka ngempumelelo nakakhulu. Ngo-1959, wabamba iqhaza ku-premiere yomhlaba ye-opera ka-Nikolai Nabokov ethi The Death of Rasputin e-Cologne. Kusukela ngo-1960, ubelokhu edlala eColon Theatre, lapho echitha khona ezinye izinkathi zonyaka. Phakathi kwamaqembu enziwa umculi uTosca, uJuliet ku "The Tales of Hoffmann" nezinye izindima. Ngo-1962-63 wacula uMélisande eGlyndebourne Festival. Ngo-1965, uDuval washiya isiteji ukuze azinikele ekufundiseni, nasekuqondiseni i-opera.

Evgeny Tsodokov

amanothi:

* Nasi isifinyezo se-opera ethi "Breasts of Tiresias" - i-farce engenangqondo esekelwe ekudlalweni kwegama elifanayo lika-G. Apollinaire: Exotic Zanzibar. UTeresa, intokazi ethanda ukuzenzela umathanda, uzimisele ngokuba yindoda nokuba nodumo. Iphupho ligcwaliseka ngendlela emangalisayo. Uphenduka iTiresias enentshebe, futhi umyeni wakhe, ngokuphambene nalokho, uba ngowesifazane okhiqiza izingane ezingu-48048 ngosuku (!), Ukuze iZanzibar idinga ukwanda kwabantu. "Ukukhiqizwa" kwalezi zingane kubukeka kanje: umyeni ufuna ukudala intatheli, uphonsa amaphephandaba, i-inkill, isikelo ku-stroller futhi uhlebeza iziphonso. Bese-ke konke ngomoya ofanayo. Lokhu kulandelwa uchungechunge lwazo zonke izinhlobo zezigigaba ezihlanyayo (okuhlanganisa i-duel, i-clowning) izinhlamvu ze-buffoon, akukho mqondo ohlangene nesakhiwo. Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu kuqubuka, uTeresa uvela esesimweni sombhuli futhi abuyisane nomyeni wakhe. Zonke izenzo emdlalweni wokuqala womhlaba zanqunywa ngendlela exakile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokusebenza, amabele wesifazane ngendlela yamabhaluni akhuphuka ngamanani amakhulu emoyeni futhi anyamalale, okufanekisela ukuguqulwa kowesifazane abe indoda. Ukukhiqizwa kokuqala kwe-opera yaseRussia kwenziwa ngo-1992 ePerm Opera naseBallet Theatre (eqondiswe nguG. Isahakyan).

** Nge-opera ethi “Dialogues of the Carmelites” bheka: Encyclopedic Dictionary “Opera”, M. “Composer”, 1999, p. 121.

*** Mayelana ne-opera ethi Izwi Lomuntu, bheka ibid., p. 452. I-opera yenziwa okokuqala esiteji saseRussia ngo-1965, okokuqala ekhonsathini (umculi uNadezhda Yureneva), bese esiteji seBolshoi Theatre (umculi uGalina Vishnevskaya).