Zurab Lavrentievich Sotkilava |

Zurab Sotkilava

Igama lomculi namuhla laziwa kubo bonke abathandi be-opera ezweni lakithi nakwamanye amazwe, lapho evakashela khona ngempumelelo njalo. Bakhangwa ubuhle namandla ezwi, indlela ehloniphekile, ikhono eliphezulu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuzinikela okungokomzwelo okuhambisana nokudlala ngakunye komculi kokubili esiteji seshashalazi nasesiteji sekhonsathi.

UZurab Lavrentievich Sotkilava wazalwa ngo-March 12, 1937 eSukhumi. "Okokuqala, kufanele ngisho ngezakhi zofuzo: ugogo nomama babedlala isiginci futhi bacula kakhulu," kusho uSotkilava. - Ngikhumbula ukuthi bahlala emgwaqweni eduze kwendlu, benza izingoma zesiGeorgia ezindala, futhi ngacula kanye nabo. Angizange ngicabange nganoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokucula ngaleso sikhathi noma kamuva. Ngokuthakazelisayo, eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ubaba, owayengezwa nhlobo, wasekela imizamo yami yokuhlinza, futhi umama, owayenezwi eliphelele, wayemelene nakho ngokuphelele.

Nokho, ebuntwaneni, uthando oluyinhloko Zurab kwakungelona ukucula, kodwa ibhola. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wabonisa amakhono amahle. Wangena kuSukhumi Dynamo, lapho eneminyaka engu-16 ebhekwa njengenkanyezi ekhulayo. USotkilava wadlala endaweni ye-wingback, wajoyina ukuhlaselwa okuningi futhi ngempumelelo, egijima amamitha ayikhulu ngemizuzwana engu-11!

Ngo-1956, uZurab waba ukaputeni weqembu lesizwe laseGeorgia eneminyaka engu-20. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, wangena eqenjini elikhulu leDynamo Tbilisi. Okukhumbuleka kakhulu kuSotkilava kwaba umdlalo neDynamo Moscow.

“Ngiyaziqhenya ngokuthi ngiye enkundleni ngibhekene noLev Yashin ngokwakhe,” kukhumbula uSotkilava. - Sazi kangcono uLev Ivanovich, lapho ngisengumculi futhi ngingabangane noNikolai Nikolaevich Ozerov. Sobabili saya ku-Yashin esibhedlela ngemva kokuhlinzwa ... Ngisebenzisa isibonelo sikanozinti omkhulu, ngaphinda ngaqiniseka ukuthi lapho umuntu ezuze okwengeziwe ekuphileni, yilapho eba nesizotha nakakhulu. Futhi sahlulwa kulowo mdlalo ngamaphuzu angu-1:3.

Ngendlela, lona bekuwumdlalo wami wokugcina weDynamo. Kwenye yezingxoxo, ngathi umgadli weMuscovites Urin wangenza umculi, futhi abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ungikhubaze. Nakanjani! Wavele wangidlalisa. Kodwa kwakuyingxenye yenkathazo. Ngokushesha sandizela eYugoslavia, lapho ngathola khona ukuphuka futhi ngalishiya iqembu. Ngo-1959 wazama ukubuya. Kodwa uhambo oluya eCzechoslovakia ekugcineni lwawuqeda umsebenzi wami webhola. Lapho ngathola okunye ukulimala kanzima, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ngaxoshwa ...

… Ngo-58, ngenkathi ngidlala e-Dinamo Tbilisi, ngafika ekhaya eSukhumi isonto lonke. Ngesinye isikhathi, umshayi wopiyano uValeria Razumovskaya, owayelijabulela njalo izwi lami futhi ethi ngizoba ubani ekugcineni, walalela abazali bami. Ngaleso sikhathi angizange nginake noma ikuphi ukubaluleka emazwini akhe, kodwa nokho ngavuma ukuza kuprofesa othile owayevakashile wesikhungo samasiko ovela eTbilisi ukuze ngiyohlolwa. Izwi lami alizange lihlabe umxhwele kakhulu kuye. Futhi lapha, ake ucabange, ibhola liphinde ladlala indima ebalulekile! Ngaleso sikhathi, uMeskhi, uMetreveli, uBarkaya wayesevele ekhanya eDynamo, futhi kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthola ithikithi lokuya enkundleni. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni, ngaba umphakeli wamathikithi kaprofesa: weza ukuzowathatha esikhungweni seDynamo eDigomi. Ngokubonga, uprofesa wangimemela kwakhe, saqala ukufunda. Futhi ngokuzumayo ungitshela ukuthi ezifundweni ezimbalwa nje ngenze intuthuko enkulu futhi nginekusasa elisebenzayo!

Kodwa noma kunjalo, ithemba langenza ngahleka. Ngacabanga kakhulu ngokucula ngemva kokuxoshwa kwami ​​kuDynamo. Uprofesa wangilalela futhi wathi: “Hhayi-ke, yeka ukungcola odakeni, masenze umsebenzi ohlanzekile.” Futhi ngemva konyaka, ngo-July 60, ngaqala ngavikela idiploma yami e-Mining Faculty ye-Tbilisi Polytechnic Institute, futhi ngemva kosuku ngangivele ngibhala izivivinyo e-conservatory. Futhi yamukelwa. Ngendlela, safunda ngesikhathi esifanayo noNodar Akhalkatsi, owakhetha i-Institute of Railway Transport. Sibe nezimpi ezinjengalezi emiqhudelwaneni yebhola lezinyawo ephakathi kwezikhungo kangangokuthi inkundla yezethameli eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-25 yayigcwele phama!”

USotkilava wafika e-Tbilisi Conservatory njenge-baritone, kodwa ngokushesha uProfesa D.Ya. U-Andguladze ulungise iphutha, yiqiniso, umfundi omusha une-tenor enhle kakhulu ye-lyric-dramatic. Ngo-1965, umculi osemusha wenza i-debut yakhe esiteji saseTbilisi njengoCavaradossi ku-Puccini's Tosca. Impumelelo idlule konke obekulindelwe. I-Zurab eyenziwa e-Georgian State Opera ne-Ballet Theatre kusukela ngo-1965 kuya ku-1974. Ithalenta lomculi othembisayo ekhaya lalifunwa ukusekelwa futhi lithuthukiswe, futhi ngo-1966 uSotkilava wathunyelwa ukuqeqeshwa e-Milan yaseshashalazini edumile yaseLa Scala.

Lapho waqeqeshwa nochwepheshe abahamba phambili be-bel canto. Wasebenza ngokungakhathali, futhi ngemva kwalokho, ikhanda lakhe lalizulazula ngemva kwamazwi kangcweti uGenarro Barra, owabe esebhala: “Izwi elincane likaZurab langikhumbuza izikhathi zakudala.” Kwakungezikhathi zika-E. Caruso, B. Gigli kanye nabanye abathakathi base-Italy.

E-Italy, umculi wathuthuka iminyaka emibili, okwathi ngemva kwalokho wabamba iqhaza emkhosini wabaculi abasha "Golden Orpheus". Ukusebenza kwakhe kwaba ukunqoba: USotkilava wawina umklomelo oyinhloko womkhosi waseBulgaria. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva - impumelelo entsha, kulokhu komunye wemincintiswano yamazwe ngamazwe ebaluleke kakhulu - ebizwa nge-PI Tchaikovsky eMoscow: USotkilava wanikezwa umklomelo wesibili.

Ngemva kokunqoba okusha, ngo-1970, - Umklomelo Wokuqala kanye Nomklomelo Omkhulu ku-F. Viñas International Vocal Competition e-Barcelona - uDavid Andguladze uthe: "UZurab Sotkilava ungumculi onesiphiwo, ocula kakhulu, iphimbo lakhe, i-timbre enhle ngokungajwayelekile. ingashiyi umlaleli engenandaba. I-vocalist iveza ngokomzwelo nangokucacile uhlobo lwemisebenzi eyenziwe, iveza ngokugcwele inhloso yomqambi. Futhi isici esiphawuleka kakhulu somlingiswa wakhe ukukhuthala, isifiso sokuqonda zonke izimfihlo zobuciko. Ufunda nsuku zonke, “sinesimiso sezifundo” esicishe sifane naseminyakeni yakhe yomfundi.

Ngo-December 30, 1973, uSotkilava wenza i-debut yakhe esiteji se-Bolshoi Theatre njengo-Jose.

Uyakhumbula: “Uma uthi nhlá, kungase kubonakale sengathi ngasheshe ngajwayela eMoscow futhi ngangena kalula eqenjini le-Bolshoi Opera. Kodwa akunjalo. Ekuqaleni kwakunzima kimi, futhi ngibonga kakhulu kubantu ababeseduze nami ngaleso sikhathi. Futhi uSotkilava ubiza umqondisi uG. Pankov, umphathi wekhonsathi L. Mogilevskaya futhi, yiqiniso, abalingani bakhe ekusebenzeni.

I-premiere ye-Verdi's Otello e-Bolshoi Theatre kwaba umcimbi ophawulekayo, futhi i-Otello ka-Sotkilava ibe yisambulo.

"Ukusebenza ngasohlangothini luka-Othello," kusho uSotkilava, "kwangivulela ama-horizons amasha, kwangiphoqa ukuthi ngicabange kabusha okuningi okwenziwe, kwazala ezinye izindlela zokudala. Indima ye-Othello iyisiqongo lapho umuntu angabona khona ngokucacile, nakuba kunzima ukuyifinyelela. Manje, lapho kungekho ukujula komuntu, inkimbinkimbi yengqondo kulokhu noma leso sithombe esinikezwa amaphuzu, akuthakazelisi kangako kimi. Iyini injabulo yomculi? Zichithe wena, izinzwa zakho, chitha ekugqokeni nasekudabukeni, ungacabangi ngokusebenza okulandelayo. Kepha umsebenzi kufanele ukwenze ufune ukuzichitha kanjalo, ngenxa yalokhu udinga imisebenzi emikhulu ethokozisayo ukuyixazulula ... "

Enye impumelelo evelele yomculi kwaba indima kaTuriddu ku-Mascagni's Rural Honor. Okokuqala esiteji sekhonsathi, khona-ke eBolshoi Theatre, uSotkilava wazuza amandla amakhulu okuveza okungokomfanekiso. Ephawula ngalo msebenzi, lo mculi uyagcizelela: “I-Country Honor iyi-opera ye-verist, i-opera eshisa izikhotha. Kungenzeka ukudlulisa lokhu ngokudlala kwekhonsathi, okungafanele kuncishiswe ekwenzeni umculo ongaqondakali ovela encwadini enombhalo womculo. Into eyinhloko ukunakekela ukuthola inkululeko yangaphakathi, okudingeka kakhulu kumculi kokubili esiteji se-opera nasesiteji sekhonsathi. Emculweni weMascagni, kuma-opera ensembles, kukhona ukuphindaphinda okuningi kwamaphimbo afanayo. Futhi lapha kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umculi akhumbule ingozi ye-monotony. Ukuphindaphinda, isibonelo, igama elilodwa nelinye, udinga ukuthola umcabango womculo ongaphansi, umbala, ukuthungatha izincazelo ezihlukahlukene ze-semantic zaleli gama. Asikho isidingo sokuzikhukhumeza ngokuzenzekelayo futhi akwaziwa ukuthi uzodlala ini. Ukuqina okudabukisayo kwentshiseko ku-Rural Honor kumele kube msulwa futhi kube qotho. ”

Amandla obuciko bukaZurab Sotkilava ukuthi njalo uletha abantu ukuhlanzeka okuqotho komzwelo. Lena imfihlo yempumelelo yakhe eqhubekayo. Ukuvakasha kwamazwe angaphandle kwalo mculi kwaba okufanayo.

"Elinye lamazwi amahle kakhulu akhona noma yikuphi namuhla." Lena yindlela umbuyekezi aphendule ngayo ekusebenzeni kukaZurab Sotkilava e-Champs-Elysées Theatre eParis. Lokhu kwaba ukuqala kohambo lwangaphandle lomculi omangalisayo waseSoviet. Kulandela "ukwethuka kokutholwa" okulandelwa ukunqoba okusha - impumelelo ebabazekayo e-United States bese kuba se-Italy, eMilan. Izilinganiso zomshini wokunyathelisa waseMelika nazo zazinesasasa: “Izwi elikhulu elilinganayo nobuhle kuwo wonke amarejista. Ubuciko beSotkilava buvela ngqo enhliziyweni. "

Uhambo lwango-1978 lwenza umculi waba usaziwayo odume umhlaba wonke - izimemo eziningi zokubamba iqhaza ekwenziweni, amakhonsathi, nokuqoshwa kwalandelwa ...

Ngo-1979, ukufaneleka kwakhe kwezobuciko kwaklonyeliswa ngendondo ephakeme kakhulu - isihloko se-People's Artist of the USSR.

"U-Zurab Sotkilava ungumnikazi we-tenor yobuhle obungavamile, obukhanyayo, i-sonorous, enamanothi aphezulu agqamile kanye nerejista ephakathi eqinile," kubhala uS. Savanko. “Amazwi alolu hlobo awavamile. Idatha yemvelo enhle kakhulu yathuthukiswa futhi yaqiniswa yisikole sochwepheshe, umculi owadlula ezweni lakubo naseMilan. Isitayela sika-Sotkilava sokudlala sibuswa yizimpawu ze-bel canto yakudala yase-Italian, ezwakala ikakhulukazi emsebenzini we-opera yomculi. Umnyombo we-repertoire yesiteji sakhe izindima zomculo nezimangalisayo: Othello, Radamès (Aida), Manrico (Il trovatore), Richard (Un ballo in maschera), José (Carmen), Cavaradossi (Tosca). Uphinde acule u-Vaudemont ku-Iolanthe ka-Tchaikovsky, kanye nakuma-opera ase-Georgian – Abesalom ku-Absalom Opera Theatre ka-Abisalom no-Eteri ka-Z. Paliashvili kanye no-Arzakan ka-O. Taktakishvili ethi The Abduction of the Moon. USotkilava uzwa ngobuqili ukucaciswa kwengxenye ngayinye, akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi ububanzi besitayela sesitayela esitholakala kubuciko bomculi buphawulwe ezimpendulweni ezibucayi.

U-E. Dorozhkin uthi: “USotkilava uyiqhawe elithanda i-opera yase-Italy. – All G. – ngokusobala eyakhe: Giuseppe Verdi, Giacomo Puccini. Nokho, kukhona okubalulekile “kodwa”. Kuzo zonke isethi edingekayo ukuze isithombe somuntu wesifazane, uSotkilava unakho ngokugcwele, njengoba umongameli waseRussia oshisekayo aphawula ngokufanele emlayezo wakhe oya kuqhawe losuku, kuphela "izwi elihle elimangalisayo" kanye "nobuciko bemvelo." Ukuze ujabulele uthando olufanayo lomphakathi njenge-Andzoletto kaGeorgesand (okungukuthi, lolu hlobo lothando luzungeza umculi manje), lezi zimfanelo azanele. Nokho, uSotkilava ohlakaniphile akazange afune ukuthola abanye. Akathathanga ngenombolo, kodwa ngekhono. Engakunaki ngokuphelele ukuhleba kwehholo okukhanya okungakuvumeli, wacula i-Manrico, i-Duke kanye ne-Radamès. Lokhu, mhlawumbe, ukuphela kwento ayekuyo futhi ehlala engumGeorgia - ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini, hhayi okwesibili ukungabaza ukufaneleka kwakhe.

Isiteji sokugcina esathathwa nguSotkilava kwakunguBoris Godunov kaMussorgsky. USotkilava ucule umkhohlisi - isiRashiya kunabo bonke abalingisi baseRussia ku-opera yesiRashiya - ngendlela yokuthi abaculi abamhlophe abanamehlo aluhlaza, ababelandela ngonya okwenzeka ngemuva kwesiteji esinothuli, abazange baphuphe ngokucula. I-Timoshka ephelele yaphuma - futhi empeleni, uGrishka Otrepyev wayenguTimoshka.

USotkilava ungumuntu wezwe. Futhi ngokwezwe ngomqondo omuhle kakhulu wegama. Ngokungafani nozakwabo abaningi eshabhu yezobuciko, umculi uhlonipha ubukhona hhayi kuphela lezo zenzakalo ezilandelwa nakanjani itafula le-buffet eliningi, kodwa nalezo ezihloselwe ochwepheshe beqiniso bobuhle. USotkilava uthola imali embizeni yeminqumo enama-anchovies ngokwakhe. Nonkosikazi womculi naye upheka ngendlela eyisimanga.

USotkilava wenza, nakuba engavamile, esiteji sekhonsathi. Lapha repertoire yakhe iqukethe ikakhulukazi umculo Russian kanye Italian. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umculi uvame ukugxila ikakhulukazi ku-chamber repertoire, kumazwi othando, okungavamile ukuphendukela ekhonsathini yezingcaphuno ze-opera, okuyinto evamile ezinhlelweni zezwi. Ukukhululeka kwepulasitiki, izixazululo ezimangalisayo zihlanganiswa ekuchazeni kuka-Sotkilava ngokusondelana okukhethekile, ukufudumala kwezwi nokuthambile, okuyivelakancane kumculi onezwi elikhulu kangaka.

Kusukela ngo-1987, uSotkilava ubefundisa ukucula yedwa eMoscow State PI Tchaikovsky.

U-PS Zurab Sotkilava ushone eMoscow ngoSepthemba 18, 2017.