Erich Leinsdorf |
U-Erich Leinsdorf
ULeinsdorf ungowase-Austria. E-Vienna, wafunda umculo - okokuqala ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukanina, wabe ese-Academy of Music (1931-1933); waphothula imfundo yakhe eSalzburg, lapho ayengumsizi kaBruno Walter no-Arturo Toscanini iminyaka emine. Futhi naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, igama Leinsdorf yaziwa eYurophu kuphela phakathi neminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, lapho ehola Boston Symphony Orchestra futhi wabizwa abagxeki nabashicileli e-United States "umculi 1963."
Phakathi neminyaka yokufunda kanye nokuzuzwa kokuqashelwa komhlaba kunesikhathi eside somsebenzi kaLeinsdorf, umnyakazo ongabonakali kodwa ozinzile oya phambili. Wamenywa eMelika ngesinyathelo somculi odumile uLotta Lehman, owasebenza naye eSalzburg, futhi wahlala kuleli zwe. Izinyathelo zakhe zokuqala zazithembisa - uLeinsdorf wenza umdlalo wakhe wokuqala waseNew York ngoJanuwari 1938, eqhuba iValkyrie. Ngemva kwalokho, umgxeki we-New York Times uNoel Strauss wabhala: “Naphezu kweminyaka engu-26, umqhubi omusha wahola i-orchestra ngesandla esizethembayo, futhi, lilonke, wenza umbono omuhle. Nakuba kwakungekho lutho olushaqisayo emsebenzini wakhe, wabonisa umculo oqinile, futhi ithalente lakhe lithembisa lukhulu.
Cishe eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ngemva kokushona kukaBodanzky, uLeinsdorf empeleni waba umqhubi oyinhloko womculo waseJalimane weMetropolitan Opera futhi wahlala lapho kwaze kwaba u-1943. divergent, isifiso sakhe sokunamathela ngokuqinile embhalweni wombhali ngamasiko e-Bodanzka, okuvumela ukuphambuka okuphawulekayo emasikweni okusebenza, ukusheshisa ijubane nokusikeka. Kodwa kancane kancane Leinsdorf wakwazi ukuwina udumo nenhlonipho of the orchestra kanye soloists. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi, abagxeki abanokuqonda, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke u-D. Yuen, babikezela ikusasa eliqhakazile kuye, bethola ithalenta nendlela yomculi efana kakhulu nothisha wakhe omkhulu; abanye baze bambiza ngokuthi “uToscanini osemusha”.
Ngo-1943, umqhubi wamenywa ukuba aqondise i-Cleveland Orchestra, kodwa akazange abe nesikhathi sokujwayela lapho, njengoba abuthelwa ebuthweni lezempi, lapho akhonza khona unyaka nesigamu. Ngemva kwalokho, wahlala iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili njengomqhubi omkhulu eRochester, ngezikhathi ezithile evakashela amadolobha ahlukahlukene e-United States. Khona-ke isikhathi esithile wahola i-New York City Opera, waqhuba ukusebenza eMetropolitan Opera. Ngalo lonke idumela lakhe eliqinile, bambalwa ababengabikezela ukuphakama kwe-meteoric okwalandela. Kodwa ngemva kokuba uCharles Munsch ememezele ukuthi usezoyishiya i-Boston Orchestra, umqondisi wanquma ukumema uLeinsdorf, le orchestra eyayikade icula naye kanye. Futhi akazange enze iphutha - iminyaka eyalandela yomsebenzi kaLeinsdorf eBoston yacebisa kokubili umqhubi kanye neqembu. Ngaphansi kwe-Leinsdorf, i-orchestra yandisa ingoma yayo, ngokuyinhloko ilinganiselwe ngaphansi kwe-Münsche emculweni wesiFulentshi nezingcezu ezimbalwa zasendulo. Ukuqeqeshwa okuyisibonelo kakade kwe-orchestra sekukhulile. Izinkambo eziningi zaseYurophu zikaLeinsdorf eminyakeni yamuva nje, okuhlanganisa ukudlala ePrague Spring ngo-1966, kuqinisekisile ukuthi umqhubi manje useqophelweni eliphezulu ngethalente lakhe.
Isithombe sokudala sikaLeinsdorf sihlanganise ngokuhambisana izici ezinhle kakhulu zesikole sothando saseViennese, asifunda kuBruno Walter, ububanzi obubanzi nekhono lokusebenza ne-orchestra ekhonsathini naseshashalazini, uToscanini amdlulisela kuye, futhi ekugcineni, isipiliyoni. etholwe phakathi neminyaka yokusebenza e-USA. Ngokuqondene nobubanzi bokuthambekela kwe-repertory yomculi, lokhu kungahlungwa ngokuqopha kwakhe. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-opera amaningi nomculo we-symphonic. Phakathi kwabokuqala bafanelwe ukubizwa ngokuthi “Don Giovanni” kanye “The Marriage of Figaro” nguMozart, “Cio-Cio-san”, “Tosca”, “Turandot”, “La Boheme” kaPuccini, “Lucia di Lammermoor” ngu UDonizetti, “The Barber of Seville” kaRossini , “Macbeth” ka-Verdi, “Valkyrie” ka-Wagner, “Ariadne auf Naxos” ka-Strauss … Uhlu oluhlaba umxhwele ngempela! Umculo we-Symphonic awucebile futhi uyahlukahluka: phakathi kwamarekhodi aqoshwe ngu-Leinsdorf, sithola i-Mahler's First and Fifth Symphonies, i-Beethoven's kanye ne-Brahms' Thirds, i-Prokofiev's Fifth, i-Jupiter ka-Mozart, i-Mendelssohn's A Midsummer Night's Dream, i-Hero's Lifecer Richards Straus. I-Wozzeck kaBerg. Futhi phakathi kwamakhonsathi wezinsimbi aqoshwa u-Leinsdorf ngokubambisana nezingcweti ezinkulu kukhona Ikhonsathi Yesibili Yepiyano ka-Brahms no-Richter.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969
