Umlando wamasimbali

Amasimbali - insimbi yomculo enezintambo zomndeni wokushaywa, inomumo we-trapezoid enezintambo ezinwetshiwe phezu kwayo. Ukukhishwa komsindo kwenzeka lapho kushaywa ama-mallet amabili okhuni.Amasimbali anomlando ocebile. Izithombe zokuqala zesihlobo samasimbali e-chordophone zingabonwa ku-amphora yaseSumerian yenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX-XNUMX BC. e. Ithuluzi elifanayo lavezwa ku-bas-relief evela kuBukhosi BaseBhabhiloni Lokuqala ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC. e. Ubonisa indoda idlala ngezinti ensimbini yokhuni enezintambo eziyisikhombisa ewunxantathu ogobile.

Abase-Asiriya babenezinsimbi zabo ze-triganon, ezifana namasimbali asendulo. Yayinonxantathu, inezintambo eziyisishiyagalolunye, umsindo wawukhishwa ngosizo lwezinti. Izinsimbi ezifana ne-cymbal zazikhona eGreece Yasendulo - i-monochord, i-China - zhu. E-India, indima ye-dulcimer yenziwa - i-sanur, izintambo ezenziwe ngotshani be-munja, futhi zidlalwa ngezinti ze-bamboo. Ngendlela, ngokusho kwesazi-mlando u-N. Findeisen, ama-gypsies aletha amasimbali eYurophu. Kwakulaba bantu abayimizulane ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX AD. waqala ukuphuma eNdiya, ejoyina amaRussia amancane, amaBelarusian nezinye izizwe zamaSlavic.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo nokusabalalisa, ukuklama kwamasimbali kwathuthukiswa. Insimbi yaqala ukushintsha ukwakheka nosayizi, ikhwalithi yezintambo nayo yashintsha, uma ekuqaleni yayiboshwe noma yamathumbu, kwathi ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX emazweni ase-Asia baqala ukusebenzisa i-copper alloy wire. Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, izintambo zensimbi zaqala ukusetshenziswa emazweni aseYurophu.

Ngekhulu le-XIV, izicukuthwane zenkathi ephakathi zabonisa isithakazelo esikhethekile kulezi zinsimbi zomculo. Inkosikazi ngayinye yezinga eliphezulu yazama ukuwenza kahle umdlalo kubo. Isikhathi sekhulu le-XVII-XVIII. emlandweni, amasimbali axhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa negama likaPantaleon Gebenshtreit. Ngesandla esilula seNkosi yaseFrance, uLouis XIV, igama elisha elithi "pantaleon" linikezwe ithuluzi lokuhlonipha umculi omkhulu waseJalimane.

Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, abaqambi baqala ukwethula amasimbali ku-orchestra ye-opera. Isibonelo i-opera ethi “Ban Bank” kaFerenc Erkel kanye ne-operetta ethi “Gypsy Love” kaFerenc Lehar.

Inkosi yaseHungary uV. Shunda yadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amasimbali; wandisa inani lezintambo, waqinisa uhlaka, futhi wengeza umshini wokudambisa.Ezinkantolo zezikhulu zaseRussia, amasimbali avela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-1586. Ngo-XNUMX, iNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth yaseNgilandi yenza isipho kundlovukazi yaseRussia u-Irina Feodorovna ngezinsimbi zomculo. Phakathi kwazo kwakukhona amasimbali ayenamekwe ngegolide namatshe ayigugu. Ubuhle nomsindo waleli thuluzi kwamane kwayithakasela indlovukazi. U-Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich naye wayengumlandeli omkhulu wamasimbali. Abadlali be-cymbalist u-Milenty Stepanov, u-Tomilo Besov no-Andrey Andreev badlala enkantolo yakhe. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, umshayi wezinsimbi odumile u-Johann Baptist Gumpenhuber wajabulisa izikhulu zenkantolo ngokudlala kwakhe okuhle, okwamangaza wonke umuntu ngobumsulwa bokusebenza kwakhe. Ukuqashelwa okukhulu, amasimbali atholwe emazweni ase-Ukraine, angena emculweni wobuciko bomdabu. Izintambo kumasimbali zaqala zadonsa ngayinye ngayinye, ezimbili kuwo wonke amathoni, noma amathathu - amaculo ezintambo. Amasimbali ayenohlobo lwama-octave amabili nesigamu kuya kwamane.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamasimbali: abantu kanye nekhonsathi-yezemfundo. Umsindo wabo ufanelana kahle nokudlalwa kwe-orchestra enkulu.