UJörg Demus |
UJörg Demus
I-biography yobuciko kaDemus ifana ngezindlela eziningi ne-biography yomngane wakhe u-Paul Badur-Skoda: baneminyaka efanayo, bakhula futhi bakhulela eVienna, baphothula e-Academy of Music lapha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo baqala. ukunikeza amakhonsathi; bobabili bayathanda futhi bazi ukuthi badlalwa kanjani kuma-ensembles futhi ikota yekhulu bebelokhu bengomunye wamaduwo opiyano adume kakhulu emhlabeni. Kuningi okufanayo ngesitayela sabo sokwenza, esimakwe ngokulinganisela, isiko lomsindo, ukunaka imininingwane kanye nokunemba kwesitayela somdlalo, okungukuthi, izici zesikole sesimanje saseViennese. Okokugcina, abaculi ababili basondezwa eduze nokuthambekela kwabo kwe-repertory - bobabili banikeza okuthandayo okucacile kuma-Viennese classics, ngokuphikelela nangokuqhubekayo.
Kodwa kukhona futhi umehluko. U-Badura-Skoda wathola udumo ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi lolu dumo lusekelwe ngokuyinhloko ekhonsathini yakhe yedwa kanye nemidlalo nama-orchestra kuzo zonke izikhungo ezinkulu zomhlaba, kanye nemisebenzi yakhe yokufundisa kanye nemisebenzi yomculo. UDemus akanikezi amakhonsathi abanzi futhi anamandla (nakuba aphinde ahambela umhlaba wonke), akazibhali izincwadi (nakuba engumnikazi wezichasiselo ezithakazelisa kakhulu zokuqoshwa nokushicilelwe okuningi). Isithunzi sakhe sisekelwe ngokuyinhloko endleleni yokuqala yokuhumusha izinkinga kanye nomsebenzi osebenzayo womdlali ohlangene: ngaphezu kokubamba iqhaza ku-duet yepiyano, wazuza udumo lomunye wabaphelezeli abahamba phambili emhlabeni, owadlalwa nabo bonke abakhulu. abadlali bezinsimbi nabahlabeleli eYurophu, futhi ihambisana ngokuhlelekile namakhonsathi ka-Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau.
Konke lokhu okungenhla akusho ukuthi uDemus akafanelwe ukunakwa njengomdlali wopiyano oyedwa. Emuva ngo-1960, lapho lo mculi ecula e-United States, uJohn Ardoin, umhlaziyi kamagazini iMusical America, wabhala: “Ukusho ukuthi umdlalo kaDemus wawuqinile futhi ubalulekile akusho neze ukululaza isithunzi sakhe. Ichaza nje ukuthi kungani ehambe ezizwa efudumele futhi enethezekile kunokuba athuthuke. Kwakungekho lutho oluhlekisayo noma olungavamile ekuchazeni kwakhe, futhi awekho amaqhinga. Umculo wawugeleza ngokukhululeka futhi kalula, ngendlela engokwemvelo kakhulu. Futhi lokhu, ngendlela, akulula neze ukufeza. Kudingeka ukuzithiba kanye nesipiliyoni esikhulu, okuyilokho umculi anakho.”
UDemus ungumqhele womnkantsha, futhi izithakazelo zakhe zigxile kakhulu emculweni wase-Austrian naseJalimane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani ne-Badur-Skoda, isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi asiweli kuma-classics (uDemus adlala kakhulu futhi ngokuzithandela), kodwa kuma-romantics. Emuva ngeminyaka yama-50s, waqashelwa njengomhumushi ovelele womculo kaSchubert noSchumann. Kamuva, izinhlelo zakhe zekhonsathi zazihlanganisa cishe imisebenzi kaBeethoven, Brahms, Schubert noSchumann, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi zazihlanganisa noBach, Haydn, Mozart, Mendelssohn. Enye indawo edonsa amehlo alo mculi wumculo kaDebussy. Ngakho, ngo-1962, wamangaza abalandeli bakhe abaningi ngokuqopha "Ikhona Lezingane". Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, kungalindelekile kwabaningi, iqoqo eliphelele - kumarekhodi ayisishiyagalombili - lezingoma zopiyano zikaDebussy, laphuma ekurekhodweni kukaDemus. Lapha, akuzona zonke izinto ezilinganayo, umdlali wopiyano akahlali enokukhanya okudingekile, ukundiza okuwubukhazikhazi, kodwa, ngokusho kochwepheshe, “ngenxa yokugcwala komsindo, imfudumalo nobuhlakani, kuyafaneleka ukuma endaweni efanele. Izincazelo ezinhle kakhulu zeDebussy. " Kodwa nokho, okwakudala kwe-Austro-German nezothando kuhlala kuyindawo eyinhloko yokusesha kobuciko beciko elinekhono.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu, kusukela kuma-60s, ukuqoshwa kwakhe kwemisebenzi yongcweti base-Viennese, eyenziwe ngamapiyano asukela esikhathini sabo, futhi, njengomthetho, ezigodlweni zasendulo nasezinqabeni ezinamazwi asiza ekudaleni kabusha umkhathi wobungako. Ukubonakala kwamarekhodi okuqala anemisebenzi kaSchubert (mhlawumbe umbhali oseduze noDemus) kwamukelwa ngentshiseko ngabagxeki. "Umsindo uyamangalisa - umculo ka-Schubert uyanqandeka futhi ube nemibala eminingi, futhi, ngokungangabazeki, lokhu okuqoshiwe kufundisa kakhulu," kubhala omunye wababuyekezi. “Inzuzo enkulu yezincazelo zakhe zesiSchumannian izinkondlo zazo ezicolisisiwe. Kubonisa ukusondelana kwangaphakathi komshayi wopiyano ezweni lemizwa yomqambi nalo lonke uthando lwaseJalimane, aludlulisela lapha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuso bakhe nhlobo,” kuphawula u-E. Kroer. Futhi ngemva kokuvela kwe-disc enezingoma zakuqala zika-Beethoven, umshini wokunyathelisa wawungafunda imigqa elandelayo: “Ebusweni bukaDemus, sithole umculi okudlala kwakhe okubushelelezi nokucabangelayo kushiya umbono oyingqayizivele. Ngakho-ke, uma sibheka izikhumbuzo zabantu ababephila ngesikhathi, uBeethoven ngokwakhe wayengadlala i-sonatas yakhe.
Kusukela lapho, u-Demus uqophe inqwaba yemisebenzi ehlukene kumarekhodi (kokubili eyedwa futhi ku-duet ne-Badura-Skoda), esebenzisa wonke amathuluzi atholakalayo kuye avela kumamyuziyamu namaqoqo angasese. Ngaphansi kweminwe yakhe, ifa lama-Viennese classics kanye ne-romantics livele ngokukhanya okusha, ikakhulukazi njengoba ingxenye ebalulekile yokurekhodwa ayivamile ukwenziwa kanye nezingoma ezingaziwa. Ngo-1977, yena, owesibili wabadlali bopiyano (ngemuva kuka-E. Ney), wanikezwa umklomelo omkhulu we-Beethoven Society e-Vienna - okuthiwa "i-Beethoven Ring".
Kodwa-ke, ubulungisa budinga ukuba kuqashelwe ukuthi imibhalo yakhe eminingi ayibangeli nakancane injabulo ngazwi linye, futhi lapho kuqhubekela phambili, kuzwakala amanothi amaningi okudumala. Wonke umuntu, yiqiniso, ukhokha ikhono lomdlali wepiyano, bayaqaphela ukuthi uyakwazi ukukhombisa ukuzwakalisa nokundiza kothando, njengokungathi unxephezela ukoma nokuntuleka kwe-cantilena yangempela kumathuluzi amadala; izinkondlo ezingenakuphikwa, umculo ocashile womdlalo wakhe. Kodwa-ke, abaningi bayavumelana nezimangalo ezisanda kwenziwa umgxeki uP. Kosse: “Ukurekhoda kukaJörg Demus kuqukethe okuthile okudabukisayo futhi okuphazamisayo: cishe zonke izinkampani ezincane nezinkulu zishicilela amarekhodi akhe, ama-albhamu aphindwe kabili namakhasethi e-voluminous, ingoma isuka ku-didactic. izingcezu ze-pedagogical to Beethoven's sonatas sekwephuzile kanye namakhonsathi ka-Mozart adlalwa kumapiyano esenzo sesando. Konke lokhu kungama-motley; ukukhathazeka kuphakama lapho unaka izinga elimaphakathi lalawa marekhodi. Usuku luqukethe amahora angu-24 kuphela, ngisho nomculi onesiphiwo esinjalo akakwazi ukusondela emsebenzini wakhe ngomthwalo wemfanelo ofanayo nokuzinikela, ekhiqiza irekhodi ngemva kwerekhodi.” Ngempela, ngezinye izikhathi - ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva - imiphumela yomsebenzi kaDemus ithintwa kabi ngokusheshisa ngokweqile, ukungafundeki ekukhethweni kwe-repertoire, ukungezwani phakathi kwamakhono ezinsimbi kanye nemvelo yomculo owenziwe; ukungathobeki ngamabomu, isitayela "yezingxoxo" ngezinye izikhathi siholela ekwephulwani komqondo wangaphakathi wemisebenzi yakudala.
Abagxeki abaningi bomculo bayeluleka ngokufanelekile u-Jörg Demus ukuthi andise imisebenzi yakhe yekhonsathi, “ashaye” ngokucophelela izincazelo zakhe, futhi ngemva kwalokho azilungise kurekhodi.
Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990
