UWilhelmine Schröder-Devrient |

UWilhelmine Schröder-Devrient

UWilhelmina Schroeder wazalwa ngoDisemba 6, 1804 eHamburg. Wayeyindodakazi yomculi we-baritone uFriedrich Ludwig Schröder kanye nomlingisi odumile uSophia Bürger-Schröder.

Kule minyaka lapho ezinye izingane zichitha isikhathi emidlalweni enganakekeli, uWilhelmina uselufundile kakade uhlangothi olubalulekile lokuphila.

Uthi: “Kusukela ngineminyaka emine ubudala, kakade kwakudingeka ngisebenze ukuze ngithole isinkwa sami. Khona-ke iqembu elidumile le-ballet i-Kobler lazulazula eJalimane; waphinde wafika eHamburg, lapho aphumelela khona ngokukhethekile. Umama, esabela kakhulu, ethathwe umqondo othile, ngokushesha wanquma ukungenzela umdansi.

Uthisha wami womdanso wayengumAfrika; UNkulunkulu uyazi ukuthi wagcina kanjani eFrance, ukuthi wagcina kanjani eParis, ku-corps de ballet; kamuva wathuthela eHamburg, lapho afundisa khona. Lo mnumzane, ogama lakhe linguLindau, wayengacasukanga impela, kodwa ecasukile, eqinile, kwesinye isikhathi enonya ...

Lapho ngineminyaka emihlanu ngase ngikwazile ukwenza umdlalo wami wokuqala ePas de chale kanye nomdanso wetilosi wamaNgisi; Bangifake ekhanda isigqoko esimpunga esinamaribhoni aluhlaza, futhi ezinyaweni zami bafaka izicathulo ezinezinsimbi zokhuni. Mayelana nalolu hlelo lokuqala, ngikhumbula kuphela ukuthi izethameli zayamukela ngentshiseko inkawu encane enobuqili, uthisha wami wayejabule ngendlela engavamile, futhi ubaba wangithwala wangisingatha wangiyisa ekhaya. Umama wayengithembise kusukela ekuseni ukuthi uzonginika unodoli noma uzongibhaxabula, kuye ngokuthi ngiwufezile kanjani umsebenzi wami; futhi ngiqinisekile ukuthi ukwesaba kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuguquguqukeni nasekululameni kwezitho zami zobuntwana; Ngangazi ukuthi umama wayengathandi ukuncokola.

Ngo-1819, eneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, uWilhelmina wenza idrama yakhe yokuqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, umkhaya wakubo wawusuthuthele eVienna, futhi uyise wayeshone ngonyaka ngaphambili. Ngemva kokufunda isikhathi eside esikoleni se-ballet, wenza ngempumelelo enkulu indima ka-Aricia ku-"Phaedra", uMelitta ku-"Sappho", uLouise ku-"Deceit and Love", u-Beatrice ku-"The Bride of Messina", u-Ophelia ku-"Hamlet" . Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amakhono akhe omculo embulwa ngokucacile nangokwengeziwe - izwi lakhe laba namandla futhi lihle. Ngemva kokufunda nothisha baseViennese u-D. Motsatti no-J. Radiga, uSchroeder washintsha idrama waba i-opera ngemva konyaka.

Ingoma yakhe yokuqala yenzeka ngoJanuwari 20, 1821 endimeni kaPamina kuMozart ethi The Magic Flute esiteji seViennese Kärntnertorteatr. Amaphepha omculo angaleso sikhathi abebonakala edlula amanye ekuhlwithweni, kubungazwa ukutheleka komculi omusha esiteji.

NgoMashi wonyaka ofanayo, wadlala indima ka-Emeline ku-The Swiss Family, ngemva kwenyanga - uMary ku-Gretry's Bluebeard, kwathi lapho uFreischutz edlalwa okokuqala eVienna, indima ka-Agatha yanikezwa uWilhelmina Schroeder.

Ukusebenza kwesibili kweFreischütz, ngo-March 7, 1822, kwanikezwa ekusebenzeni kokuhlomula kukaWilhelmina. U-Weber ngokwakhe wenza, kodwa injabulo yabalandeli bakhe yenza ukusebenza cishe akunakwenzeka. Izikhathi ezine umaestro wabizelwa esiteji, eshawa ngezimbali nezinkondlo, futhi ekugcineni kwatholakala umqhele we-laurel ezinyaweni zakhe.

U-Wilhelmina-Agatha wabelane ngokunqoba kwakusihlwa. Yileya blonde, leso sidalwa esimsulwa, esimnene umqambi nembongi abaphupha ngaso; lowo mntwana onesizotha, onamahloni owesaba amaphupho ulahlekelwa yizibikezelo, futhi okwamanje, ngothando nokholo, ulungele ukunqoba wonke amandla esihogo. UWeber uthe: “Ungu-Agatha wokuqala emhlabeni futhi udlule konke ebengikucabanga ukudala le ndima.

Udumo lwangempela lomculi osemusha lwaletha ukusebenza kwendima kaLeonora ku-Beethoven ethi "Fidelio" ngo-1822. U-Beethoven wamangala kakhulu futhi wazwakalisa ukucasuka, kungenzeka kanjani ukuba indima enkulu kangaka iphathiswe ingane enjalo.

Nakhu okudlalwayo … USchroeder – uLeonora uqoqa amandla akhe azilahle phakathi komyeni wakhe kanye nenkemba yombulali. Isikhathi esibi sesifikile. I-orchestra ithule. Kodwa umoya wokuphelelwa ithemba wamphatha: ngokuzwakalayo nangokucacile, ngaphezu kokukhala, uphuma kuye: “Bulala umkakhe kuqala!” NgoWilhelmina, lesi isililo sendoda ekhululwe okwethukeni olwesabekayo, umsindo owanyakazisa abalaleli kwaze kwafika umnkantsha wamathambo abo. Kwaze kwaba yilapho uLeonora ethandaza emthandazweni kaFlorestan: “Mkami, yini oye wahlupheka ngayo ngenxa yami!” - kungaba ngezinyembezi, noma ngenjabulo, uthi kuye: "Lutho, lutho, lutho!" - futhi uwela ezingalweni zomyeni wakhe - khona-ke kuphela sengathi isisindo sawela ezinhliziyweni zababukeli futhi wonke umuntu wabubula ngokukhululekile. Kwaduma ihlombe okungathi akupheli. Umdlali we-actress wamthola uFidelio, futhi nakuba kamuva wasebenza kanzima futhi ngokujulile kule ndima, izici eziyinhloko zendima zahlala zifana njengoba zadalwa ngokungazi ngalobo busuku. UBeethoven naye uthole uLeonora wakhe kuye. Yiqiniso, wayengalizwa izwi lakhe, futhi kuphela ebusweni, kusukela kulokho okwakuvezwe ebusweni bakhe, emehlweni akhe, wayengakwazi ukwahlulela ukusebenza kwendima. Ngemva komdlalo, waya kuye. Amehlo akhe ajwayele ukucasuka ambuke ngothando. Wambambatha esihlathini, wabonga uFidelio, wathembisa ukumbhalela i-opera entsha, isithembiso okuthe ngeshwa asifezekanga. U-Wilhelmina akazange aphinde ahlangane nomculi omkhulu, kodwa phakathi kwayo yonke indumiso umculi odumile ashawa ngayo kamuva, amazwi ambalwa kaBeethoven ayewumvuzo wakhe omkhulu kakhulu.

Ngokushesha uWilhelmina wahlangana nomlingisi uKarl Devrient. Indoda ebukekayo enemikhuba emihle ngokushesha yathatha inhliziyo yakhe. Umshado nomuntu othandekayo iphupho ayefisa, futhi ehlobo lika-1823 umshado wabo senzeka eBerlin. Ngemva kokuhamba isikhathi esithile eJalimane, lo mbhangqwana wobuciko wazinza eDresden, lapho bobabili babethembisene khona umshado.

Umshado wawungajabulisi ngazo zonke izindlela, futhi umbhangqwana wahlukanisa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1828. “Ngangidinga inkululeko,” kusho uWilhelmina, “ukuze ngingafi njengowesifazane nomdwebi.

Le nkululeko yamlahlekisela kaningi. UWilhelmina kwadingeka ahlukane nezingane ayezithanda ngentshiseko. U-caresses wezingane - unamadodana amabili namadodakazi amabili - naye walahlekelwa.

Ngemva kokuhlukanisa nomyeni wakhe, uSchroeder-Devrient waba nesikhathi esinzima nesinzima. Ubuciko babuyinto engcwele kuye kwaze kwaba sekugcineni. Ubuhlakani bakhe babungasancikile ekukhuthazeni kuphela: ukusebenza kanzima nesayensi kwaqinisa ubuhlakani bakhe. Wafunda ukudweba, ukubaza, wayazi izilimi eziningana, walandela konke okwenziwa isayensi nezobuciko. Wawuvukela ngokucasuka umbono ongenangqondo wokuthi ithalente aliyidingi isayensi.

“Ikhulu lonke leminyaka,” esho, “besilokhu sifuna, sizuza okuthile kwezobuciko, futhi lowo mculi wabhubha, wafela ubuciko, ocabanga ukuthi umgomo wakhe usufeziwe. Yiqiniso, kulula kakhulu, kanye nemvunulo, ukubeka eceleni zonke izinkathazo mayelana nendima yakho kuze kube yilapho umsebenzi olandelayo. Kimina kwakungenakwenzeka. Ngemva kwehlombe elikhulu, ngishawa izimbali, ngangivame ukuya ekamelweni lami, njengokungathi ngiyazihlola: ngenzeni namuhla? Kokubili kwakubonakala kukubi kimi; ukukhathazeka kwangibamba; ubusuku nemini ngangizindla ukuze ngizuze okungcono kakhulu.

Kusukela ngo-1823 kuya ku-1847, uSchröder-Devrient wacula eDresden Court Theatre. UClara Glumer uyabhala emanothini akhe: “Ukuphila kwakhe konke kwakuwudwendwe lokunqoba emadolobheni aseJalimane. ILeipzig, iVienna, iBreslau, iMunich, iHanover, iBraunschweig, iNuremberg, iPrague, iPest, kanye neDresden, igubha ngokuhlukile ukufika nokuvela kwakhe ezigabeni zabo, kangangokuthi kusukela oLwandle LwaseJalimane kuya e-Alps, kusukela eRhine kuya e-Oder, igama lakhe lalizwakala, liphindaphindwa isixuku esishisekayo. Ama-Serenade, amagobolondo ezimbali, izinkondlo, amaqembu kanye nehlombe kwabingelelwa futhi kwabonakala kuye, futhi yonke le mikhosi yamthinta uWilhelmina ngendlela efanayo nodumo oluthinta ngayo umdwebi weqiniso: bamphoqa ukuthi akhuphukele phezulu naphezulu kwezobuciko bakhe! Ngalesi sikhathi, wakha ezinye zezindima zakhe ezinhle kakhulu: uDesdemona ngo-1831, i-Romeo ngo-1833, uNorma ngo-1835, u-Valentine ngo-1838. Sekukonke, kusukela ngo-1828 kuya ku-1838, wafunda ama-opera amasha angamashumi amathathu nesikhombisa.

Umlingisikazi wayeziqhenya ngokuthandwa kwakhe phakathi kwabantu. Abasebenzi abajwayelekile bakhumule izigqoko uma behlangana naye, abadayisi bembona badudulana bembiza ngamagama. Lapho uWilhelmina esezophuma ngokuphelele esiteji, umbazi waseshashalazini waletha ngamabomu indodakazi yakhe eneminyaka emihlanu lapho kuprakthizwa: “Yibhekisise le ntokazi,” esho kwencane, “lona uSchroeder-Devrient. Ungabheki abanye, kodwa zama ukukhumbula lena impilo yakho yonke.

Nokho, hhayi eJalimane kuphela ekwazile ukwazisa ithalente lomculi. Entwasahlobo ka-1830, uWilhelmina wathembisana umshado eParis izinyanga ezimbili yi-Directorate ye-Italian Opera, eyayala iqembu lamaJalimane e-Aachen. “Angiyanga ngenxa yodumo lwami kuphela, kodwa kwakuphathelene nokuhlonishwa komculo waseJalimane,” ebhala, “uma ungangithandi, uMozart, uBeethoven, uWeber kumelwe abhekane nalokhu! Yilokho okungibulalayo!”

NgoMeyi XNUMX, lo mculi wenza iculo lakhe lokuqala njengo-Agatha. Ithiyetha yayigcwele. Izethameli bezilinde ukunandisa kwalo mculi, ubuhle bakhe batshelwa izimanga. Lapho ebukeka, uWilhelmina wayenamahloni kakhulu, kodwa ngokushesha ngemva komdlalo no-Ankhen, ihlombe elikhulu lamkhuthaza. Kamuva, umdlandla oyisivunguvungu womphakathi wawunamandla kangangokuthi umculi waqala ukucula izikhathi ezine futhi akakwazanga, ngoba i-orchestra yayingezwakali. Ekupheleni kwesenzo, washawa ngezimbali ngomqondo ophelele wegama, futhi ngalobo busuku bamjabulisa - uParis wambona umculi.

U-“Fidelio” wazwakalisa nakakhulu. Abagxeki bakhuluma kanje ngaye: “Wazalelwa uFidelio kaBeethoven; akaculi njengabanye, akakhulumi njengabanye, ukulingisa kwakhe akulungile neze kunoma yimuphi ubuciko, kungathi akayicabangi nakuyicabanga into ayiyo esiteji! Ucula kakhulu ngomphefumulo wakhe kunangephimbo lakhe… ukhohlwa izethameli, azikhohlwe, azitholele kumuntu amvezayo…” Lo mbono wawunamandla kangangokuthi ekupheleni kwe-opera kwadingeka baphakamise ikhethini futhi baphinde isiphetho. , okwakungakaze kwenzeke ngaphambili.

UFidelio walandelwa ngu-Euryant, Oberon, The Swiss Family, The Vestal Virgin kanye neThe Abduction from the Seraglio. Naphezu kwempumelelo ebabazekayo, uWilhelmina uthe: “KwakuseFrance kuphela lapho ngaqonda khona ngokucacile zonke izici zomculo wethu, futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amaFulentshi ayengamukela ngomsindo kangakanani, kwakuhlale kujabulisa kakhulu kimi ukwamukela umphakathi waseJalimane, ngangazi. ukuthi uyangiqonda, kuyilapho imfashini yesiFulentshi iza kuqala.

Ngonyaka olandelayo, umculi waphinda wenza enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance e-Italian Opera. Ngokuncintisana noMalibran odumile, waqashelwa njengolingana.

Ukuhlanganyela e-Italian Opera kwaba nomthelela omkhulu odumo lwakhe. UMonck-Mazon, umqondisi we-German-Italian Opera eLondon, wangena ezingxoxweni naye futhi ngo-March 3, 1832, wahlanganyela isizini yonke yalowo nyaka. Ngaphansi kwenkontileka, wathenjiswa ama-franc ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 kanye nokusebenza kwenzuzo ezinyangeni ezimbili.

ELondon, kwakulindeleke ukuba aphumelele, okwakulingana kuphela impumelelo Paganini. Eshashalazini wabingelelwa ephelezelwa nehlombe. Izicukuthwane ezingamaNgisi zazikubheka njengomsebenzi wazo kobuciko ukumlalela. Ayikho ikhonsathi ebingenzeka ngaphandle komculi waseJalimane. Nokho, uSchroeder-Devrient wayezigxeka zonke lezi zimpawu zokunakwa: “Ngesikhathi sokudlala, ngangingazi ukuthi bayangiqonda,” ebhala, “iningi lomphakathi lamangala kimi njengento engavamile: emphakathini, bekungeyona into nje yokudlala esemfashinini futhi kusasa, mhlawumbe, izoshiywa ... "

Ngo-May 1833, u-Schroeder-Devrient waphinde waya eNgilandi, nakuba ngonyaka odlule engazange athole iholo lakhe elivunyelwene ngenkontileka. Kulokhu usayine inkontileka nethiyetha "Drury Lane". Kwakudingeka acule izikhathi ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu, athole amapondo angamashumi amane ukuze adlale futhi azuze. I-repertoire yayihlanganisa: "Fidelio", "Freischütz", "Eurianta", "Oberon", "Iphigenia", "Vestalka", "Magic Flute", "Jessonda", "Templar and Jewess", "Bluebeard", "Water carrier" “.

Ngo-1837, umculi wayeseLondon okwesithathu, ehlanganyela ku-opera yesiNgisi, kuzo zombili izinkundla zemidlalo - i-Covent Garden ne-Drury Lane. Wayezodlala okokuqala kuFidelio ngesiNgisi; lezi zindaba zavusa ilukuluku elikhulu lamaNgisi. Umdwebi emizuzwini yokuqala akakwazanga ukunqoba amahloni. Emazwini okuqala ashiwo uFidelio, unephimbo langaphandle, kodwa lapho eqala ukucula, ukuphimisela kwaba nokuzethemba kakhudlwana, okulungile. Ngosuku olulandelayo, amaphepha amemezela ngazwi linye ukuthi uSchroeder-Devrient wayengakaze acule kamnandi njengalo nyaka. “Wabunqoba ubunzima bolimi,” benezela, “futhi wabonisa ngokungangabazeki ukuthi ulimi lwesiNgisi ngo-euphony luphakeme kunesiJalimane njengoba nesiNtaliyane sona sidlula isiNgisi.”

UFidelio walandelwa nguVestal, Norma noRomeo - impumelelo enkulu. Umvuthwandaba wawudlalwa e-La sonnambula, i-opera ebonakala sengathi yakhelwe iMalibran engasoze yalibaleka. Kodwa u-Amina Wilhelmina, ngawo wonke ama-akhawunti, wabadlula bonke ababemandulele ngobuhle, imfudumalo kanye neqiniso.

Impumelelo ihambisane nomculi esikhathini esizayo. U-Schröder-Devrient waba ngumdlali wokuqala wezingxenye ze-Adriano ku-Wagner's Rienzi (1842), i-Senta ku-The Flying Dutchman (1843), i-Venus e-Tannhäuser (1845).

Kusukela ngo-1847, uSchroeder-Devrient ubecula njengomculi we-chamber: wavakashela emadolobheni ase-Italy, eParis, eLondon, ePrague naseSt. Ngo-1849, umculi waxoshwa eDresden ngokuhlanganyela ekuvukeleni kukaMeyi.

Kuphela ngo-1856 waphinda waqala ukwenza obala njengomculi wekamelo. Izwi lakhe ngaleso sikhathi lalingasenasici ngokuphelele, kodwa ukusebenza kwakusahlukaniswa ubumsulwa bephimbo, isichazamazwi esihlukile, kanye nokujula kokungena esimweni sezithombe ezidaliwe.

Impendulo esuka ku Clara Glumer:

“Ngo-1849, ngahlangana noNkk. Schröder-Devrient eSontweni LaseSt. Ngemva kwalomhlangano angizange ngimbone isikhathi eside; Ngangazi ukuthi umlingisi wayeshiyile esiteji, ukuthi wayeshade nesikhulu sase-Livland, u-Herr von Bock, futhi manje uhlala ezindaweni zomyeni wakhe, manje oseParis, manje eBerlin. Ngo-1858 wafika eDresden, lapho ngaphinde ngambona khona ngokokuqala ngqá ekhonsathini yomculi osemusha: wabonakala phambi komphakathi okokuqala ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuthula. Angisoze ngasikhohlwa isikhathi lapho isihlabani somculi eside nesibabazekayo sivela emsamo, sihlangana nehlombe elinomsindo emphakathini; wathinteka, kodwa elokhu emamatheka, wabonga, waphefumula, njengokungathi uphuza emgudwini wokuphila ngemva kokuswela isikhathi eside, futhi ekugcineni waqala ukucula.

Waqala nge-Wanderer kaSchubert. Emanothini okuqala ngangethukile ngingaqondile: akasakwazi ukucula, ngacabanga, izwi lakhe alinamandla, akukho ukugcwala noma umsindo omnandi. Kodwa akazange afinyelele amazwi athi: “Und immer fragt der Seufzer wo?” ("Futhi uhlala ebuza ukuphefumulela - kuphi?"), Njengoba wayesevele ethatha abalaleli, ebadonsa, ephoqa ngokuhlukile ukuba basuke ekulangazeleleni nasekuphelelweni ithemba baye enjabulweni yothando nentwasahlobo. U-Lessing uthi ngoRaphael “ukuba wayengenazo izandla, ngabe usengumdwebi omkhulu kunabo bonke”; ngendlela efanayo kungashiwo ukuthi uWilhelmina Schroeder-Devrient ubengaba umculi ophambili ngisho ngaphandle kwezwi lakhe. Kwakunamandla okuthakazelisa komphefumulo kanye neqiniso ekuculeni kwakhe kangangokuthi kwakungadingeki ukuba senze njalo, futhi ngeke kudingeke sizwe into enjalo!

Umculi washona ngoJanuwari 26, 1860 eCoburg.

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