Byron Janis (Jaynis) (Byron Janis) |

Byron Janis

Lapho, ekuqaleni kwawo-60s, u-Byron Jainis eba umculi wokuqala waseMelika ukurekhoda amarekhodi e-Moscow nge-orchestra yaseSoviet, lezi zindaba zabonwa umhlaba womculo njengokuzwakalayo, kodwa ukuzwa kwakungokwemvelo. “Bonke ochwepheshe bophiyano bathi lo Jaini uyena kuphela umshayi wopiyano waseMelika okubonakala sengathi udalelwe ukuqopha nabantu baseRussia, futhi akuyona neze ingozi ukuthi ukuqoshwa kwakhe okusha kwaqoshwa eMoscow,” omunye wababhali baseNtshonalanga.

Ngempela, ongowokuzalwa eMcKeesfort, ePennsylvania, angabizwa kahle ngokuthi ummeleli wesikole sepiyano saseRussia. Wazalelwa emndenini wabafuduki abavela eRussia, ogama lakhe lokugcina - uYankelevich - kancane kancane laguqulwa laba yiYanks, wabe eseba yiJunks, futhi ekugcineni wathola ifomu layo lamanje. Umndeni, kodwa, wawukude nomculo, futhi idolobha lalikude nezikhungo zamasiko, futhi izifundo zokuqala zanikezwa uthisha wenkulisa nge-xylophone. Khona-ke uthisha womfana wayengowokuzalwa eRussia, uthisha A. Litov, okwathi ngemva kweminyaka emine wathatha umfundi wakhe waya ePittsburgh ukuze adlale phambi kwabathandi bomculo wendawo. U-Litov wamema ekhonsathini umngane wakhe wakudala waseMoscow Conservatory, umdlali wopiyano ophawulekayo nothisha u-Iosif Levin. Futhi yena, ngokushesha eqaphela ithalente elingavamile likaJainis, weluleka abazali bakhe ukuba bamthumele eNew York futhi wanikeza incwadi yokuncoma kumsizi wakhe kanye nomunye wothisha abahamba phambili edolobheni, u-Adele Marcus.

Iminyaka eminingana, uJainis wayengumfundi wesikole somculo esizimele "Chetem Square", lapho u-A. Markus efundisa khona; umqondisi wesikole, umculi odumile S. Khottsinov, waba umsekeli wakhe lapha. Khona-ke le nsizwa, kanye nothisha wayo, bathuthela eDallas. Lapho eneminyaka engu-14, u-Jainis waqala wadonsa ukunaka ngokudlala ne-NBC Orchestra ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-F. Black, futhi wathola isimemo sokudlala izikhathi ezimbalwa emsakazweni.

Ngo-1944 wenze umdlalo wakhe wokuqala wobungcweti ePittsburgh, lapho adlale khona i-Rachmaninoff's Second Concerto. Ukubuyekezwa kwabezindaba kwakunomdlandla, kodwa kwakukhona enye into eyayibaluleke kakhulu: phakathi kwalabo ababekhona ekhonsathini kwakunguVladimir Horowitz, owayethanda ithalenta lomdlali wopiyano osemusha kangangokuthi, ngokuphambene nemithetho yakhe, wanquma ukumthatha njengomdlali wepiyano. umfundi. “Ungikhumbuza mina ngisemncane,” kusho uHorowitz. Iminyaka yokufunda ne-maestro ekugcineni yapholisha ikhono lalo mculi, futhi ngo-1948 wavela phambi kwezilaleli zeCarnegie Hall yaseNew York njengomculi ovuthiwe. Umgxeki ohlonishwayo u-O. Downs wathi: “Sekuyisikhathi eside umlobi wale migqa engadingeki ahlangabezane nesiphiwo esihlanganiswe nomculo, amandla omuzwa, ukuhlakanipha nokulinganisela kwezobuciko ngezinga elifanayo nalo mdlali wopiyano oneminyaka engu-20 ubudala. Bekuyikhonsathi yensizwa emidlalo yayo eyingqayizivele iphawuleka ngokungathí sina nokuzenzekela.”

Ngama-50s, uJaini wazuza udumo hhayi e-USA kuphela, kodwa naseNingizimu Melika naseYurophu. Uma eminyakeni yokuqala ukudlala kwakhe kubonakala kwabanye njengekhophi yomdlalo kathisha wakhe u-Horowitz, kancane kancane umculi uthola ukuzimela, ubuntu, izici ezichazayo okuyinhlanganisela yobuhle obuqinile, obucacile "Horowitzian" obunomculo wezingoma. ukungena nokuba bucayi kwemibono yobuciko, umfutho wothando nokujula kobuhlakani. Lezi zimfanelo zomculi zaziswa kakhulu phakathi nokuvakasha kwakhe e-USSR ngo-1960 no-1962. Wavakashela amadolobha amaningi, enza amakhonsathi e-solo kanye ne-symphony. Izinhlelo zakhe zazihlanganisa ama-sonata kaHaydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Copland, Izithombe Embukisweni kaMussorgsky noSonatine Ravel, odlalwa nguSchubert noSchumann, Liszt noDebussy, Mendelssohn noScriabin, amakhonsathi kaSchumann, Rachmaninoff, Gershwin. Futhi lapho uJainis aze ahlanganyela kusihlwa se-jazz: ehlangene ngo-1962 eLeningrad ne-orchestra kaB Goodman, wadlala iRhapsody eBlue kaGershwin naleli qembu ngempumelelo enkulu.

Izilaleli zaseSoviet zamamukela ngokufudumele u-Dzhaynis: yonke indawo amahholo ayeminyene futhi kwakungapheli ihlombe. Ngokuphathelene nezizathu zempumelelo enjalo, uGrigory Ginzburg wabhala: “Kwakumnandi ukuhlangana eJainis engeyona i-virtuoso ebandayo (eyaziwa manje kwezinye izindawo zaseNtshonalanga), kodwa umculi oqaphelayo ukungathi sína kwemisebenzi yobuhle. ebhekene naye. Yile khwalithi yesithombe sobuciko somculi eyamnikeza ukwamukela okufudumele ezilalelini zethu. Ubuqotho benkulumo yomculo, ukucaca kwencazelo, imizwa ekhunjuzwayo (njengasesikhathini sokudlalwa kukaVan Cliburn, othandekayo kithi) ngethonya elizuzisayo isikole saseRussia sopiyano, futhi ikakhulukazi ubuhlakani bukaRachmaninov, ababenaso kulabo abanamakhono kakhulu. abadlali bopiyano.

Ukuphumelela kukaJainis e-USSR kwaba nethonya elikhulu ezweni lakubo, ikakhulukazi njengoba ayengahlangene "nezimo ezingavamile" zomncintiswano owawuhambisana nokunqoba kukaCliburn. “Uma umculo ungaba isici kwezombangazwe, khona-ke uMnu. Jainis angase azibheke njengenxusa eliphumelelayo lobungane elisiza ukudiliza imigoqo yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi,” kubhala i- New York Times ngaleso sikhathi.

Lolu hambo lwakhulisa kakhulu udumo lwamaJaini emhlabeni wonke. Engxenyeni yokuqala ye-60s, wavakashela kakhulu futhi ngokunqoba okuqhubekayo, amahholo amakhulu kunawo wonke ahlinzekwa ngokudlala kwakhe - eBuenos Aires, iColon Theatre, eMilan - La Scala, eParis - i-Champs Elysees Theatre, eLondon. - Royal Festival Hall. Phakathi kwamarekhodi amaningi awaqopha phakathi nalesi sikhathi, amakhonsathi kaTchaikovsky (No. 1), Rachmaninoff (No. 2), Prokofiev (No. 3), Schumann, Liszt (No. 1 noNo. kusukela emisebenzini yodwa, i-Second Sonata ka-D. Kabalevsky. Nokho, kamuva, umsebenzi womdlali wopiyano waphazamiseka isikhashana ngenxa yokugula, kodwa ngo-2 kwaqala kabusha, nakuba kwakungenamandla afanayo, impilo engeyinhle ayimvumeli ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba enze umkhawulo wamakhono akhe e-virtuoso. Kodwa nanamuhla usengomunye wabadlali bopiyano abakhanga kakhulu esizukulwaneni sakhe. Ubufakazi obusha balokhu balethwa uhambo lwakhe lwekhonsathi oluyimpumelelo lwaseYurophu (1977), lapho enza khona ngobuhlakani obuthile imisebenzi kaChopin (kuhlanganise nama-waltzes amabili, izinguqulo ezingaziwa azitholile kungobo yomlando futhi zashicilelwa), kanye nama-miniatures. ngu-Rachmaninoff, izingcezu zika-L M. Gottschalk, A. Copland Sonata.

UByron Janis uyaqhubeka nenkonzo yakhe kubantu. Muva nje uqedele incwadi ye-autobiographical, ufundisa e-Manhattan School of Music, unikeza amakilasi aphezulu, futhi uhlanganyela ngentshiseko emsebenzini wejaji lemincintiswano yomculo.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990