Livenskaya accordion: ukwakheka, umlando, umsindo, ukusetshenziswa

I-harmonica yavela eRussia ngekhulu le-1830. Yalethwa abaculi baseJalimane ngeminyaka yama-XNUMX. Amakhosi avela edolobheni laseLivny, esifundazweni sase-Oryol, athandana nale nsimbi yomculo, kodwa ayenganeliseki ngomsindo wayo we-monophonic. Ngemva kochungechunge lokwakhiwa kabusha, kwaba "iparele" phakathi kwama-harmonicas aseRussia, abonakala emisebenzini yabalobi abakhulu baseRussia nezimbongi uYesenin, Leskov, Bunin, Paustovsky.

Idivayisi

Isici esiyinhloko se-Liven accordion inamba enkulu yama-borins. Zingaba kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-40, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zingabi namafolda angaphezu kuka-16. Lapho welula ama-bellows, ubude bethuluzi buyi-2 metres, kodwa umthamo wekamelo lomoya lincane, yingakho kuthathe ukwanda kwenani lama-borins.

Umklamo awunawo amabhande ehlombe. Umculi uyibamba ngokufaka isithupha sesandla sakhe sokudla ku-loop esodongeni olungemuva lwentamo yekhibhodi, bese edlulisela isandla sakhe sobunxele ngebhande ekugcineni kwekhava yesokunxele. Emgqeni owodwa wekhibhodi engakwesokudla, idivayisi inezinkinobho ezingu-12-18, futhi ngakwesokunxele kukhona ama-levers okuthi, uma icindezelwe, avule ama-valve angaphandle.

Phakathi neminyaka yokudalwa kwe-Liven harmonica, ukuhluka kwayo kwakuwukuthi umsindo wawungaxhomeki ekunwetshweni koboya ngendlela ethile. Eqinisweni, ochwepheshe bedolobha laseLivny bakha ithuluzi lokuqala elingenayo i-analogues kwamanye amazwe.

Umlando

Ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, i-harmonica yayiyikhadi lokushaya elikhethekile lesifundazwe sase-Oryol. Isayizi encane enoboya obude, ehlotshiswe ngemihlobiso, yasheshe yabonakala.

Ithuluzi lenziwe ngendlela yezandla kuphela futhi laliyi "piece goods". Izingcweti eziningana zasebenza emklamweni ofanayo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Abanye benza amakesi kanye nezifutho, abanye benza ama-valve namabhande. Khona-ke ama-staplers ayinhloko athenga izingxenye futhi ahlanganisa i-harmonica. Ishawa ibibiza. Ngaleso sikhathi, inani layo lalilingana nenani lenkomo.

Ngaphambi kwenguquko ka-1917, insimbi yaduma ngendlela emangalisayo; abantu abavela kuma-volost ahlukene beza esifundazweni sase-Oryol ngakho. Abenzi bezandla abazange bahambisane nesidingo, izimboni ze-Oryol, izifundazwe zaseTula, iPetrograd namanye amadolobha afakwe ekukhiqizeni i-accordion ye-Liven. Intengo ye-harmonica yefekthri yehle ngokuphindwe kashumi.

Ngokufika kwezinsimbi ezithuthukayo, ukuthandwa kwe-livenka kancane kancane kwanyamalala, amakhosi ayeka ukudlulisela amakhono abo esizukulwaneni esisha, futhi phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kwasala umuntu oyedwa kuphela e-Livny owaqoqa le accordion.

U-Valentin, omunye wenzalo yomdwebi wezandla wase-Livensky u-Ivan Zanin, wathatha ukuvuselelwa kwesithakazelo kule nsimbi. Waqoqa amaculo amadala, izindaba, inganekwane emadolobhaneni, wafuna amakhophi agciniwe ezinsimbi zokuqala. U-Valentin uphinde wadala i-ensemble eyanikeza amakhonsathi ezweni lonke, edlala emsakazweni nakuthelevishini.

Ukulandelana komsindo

Ekuqaleni, idivayisi yayinezwi elilodwa, kamuva kwavela ama-harmonicas amabili nantathu. Isilinganiso asiyona yemvelo, kodwa sixutshwe, sigxilwe kukhibhodi yesandla sokunene. Ububanzi buncike enanini lezinkinobho:

• Izinkinobho ezingu-12 zishunwa kububanzi obusuka ku-“re” wokuqala ukuya ku-“la” octaves;
• 14-inkinobho - ohlelweni "re" lokuqala kanye "yenza" yesithathu;
• Inkinobho engu-15 - ukusuka ku-"la" encane ukuya ku-"la" ye-octave yesibili.

Abantu bathanda i-livenka ngomsindo wayo oyingqayizivele, isici sokuchichima okumnandi kwesiRashiya. Kumabhesi, kwakuzwakala njengamapayipi nezimpondo. U-Livenka wayehambisana nabantu abavamile ezinkingeni nasezinjabulweni, emishadweni, emingcwabeni, ekuboneni ibutho, amaholide kanye nemikhosi yayingenakukwenza ngaphandle kwakhe.